liunx学习日记-磁盘分区及格式化

在虚拟机中为虚拟机linux添加一个2G容量的SCSI硬盘，启动系统

一，查看系统磁盘

root@ubuntu-server:/dev# ls -l /dev |grep -e 'sd[a-z]'
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 0 2012-05-06 06:13 sda
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 1 2012-05-05 22:14 sda1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 2 2012-05-06 06:13 sda2
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 5 2012-05-06 06:13 sda5
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 2012-05-06 06:13 sdb

可以看到系统有两块磁盘sda,sdb

二，使用fdisk磁盘分区工具对sdb新盘分区

root@ubuntu-server:/dev# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.

Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)

Command (m for help):

根据提示键入m,会有帮助菜单

Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

键入n，新建分区

Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)

提示是创建主分区还是扩展分区

注意：如果已经有扩展分区，系统会问，是要新增主分区还是逻辑分区，如果还没有扩展分区，系统会问，是要新增主分区还是扩展分区。如果已经用完4个主分区+扩展分区，那么就只有逻辑分区可以选择。

 

键入p，创建主分区

p
Partition number (1-4): 1(分区编号，可随意)
First cylinder (1-261, default 1): （分区开始柱面）
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-261, default 261): 150（分区结束柱面）

键入p可查看当前分区状态，键入w,使分区生效（或键入q,取消退出）

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 261 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 150 1204843+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

用同样的方式可以把余下的磁盘空间分成主分区或扩展分区

二，使用mke2fs格式化分区

         磁盘分区后必须格式化才能挂载到系统中使用

首先查看sdb盘分区

root@ubuntu-server:/dev# ls -l /dev |grep -e 'sdb'
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 16 2012-05-05 22:59 sdb
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 17 2012-05-05 22:59 sdb1
brw-rw---- 1 root disk 8, 18 2012-05-05 22:59 sdb2

格式化sdb1

root@ubuntu-server:/dev# mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1(-j参数，会把分区文件系统主动升级为ext3)
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
150720 inodes, 301210 blocks
15060 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
......

格式化sdb2

三，挂载分区

root@ubuntu-server:~# mkdir /mnt/sdb1
root@ubuntu-server:~# mkdir /mnt/sdb2
root@ubuntu-server:~# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb1
root@ubuntu-server:~# mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sdb2

查看分区

root@ubuntu-server:~# df
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda1 7882560 577604 6904540 8% /
varrun 257944 52 257892 1% /var/run
varlock 257944 0 257944 0% /var/lock
procbususb 10240 96 10144 1% /proc/bus/usb
udev 10240 96 10144 1% /dev
devshm 257944 0 257944 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 1185872 34584 1091048 4% /mnt/sdb1
/dev/sdb2 877572 17296 815696 3% /mnt/sdb2