呆板的驱动深入分析一：字符设备驱动

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <asm/io.h>
#include <asm/system.h>
#include <asm/uaccess.h>

#include "memdev.h"

static mem_major = MEMDEV_MAJOR;

module_param(mem_major, int, S_IRUGO);

struct mem_dev *mem_devp; /*设备结构体指针*/

struct cdev cdev;

/*文件打开函数*/
int mem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
    struct mem_dev *dev;

    /*获取次设备号*/
    int num = MINOR(inode->i_rdev);

    if (num >= MEMDEV_NR_DEVS)
            return -ENODEV;
    dev = &mem_devp[num];

    /*将设备描述结构指针赋值给文件私有数据指针*/
    filp->private_data = dev;

    return 0;
}

/*文件释放函数*/
int mem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
  return 0;
}

/*读函数*/
//read的参数当中没有inode，所以无法得到设备号，即无法得到次设备号，即无法知道到底现在是在操作哪个设备，所以要用file->private_data
static ssize_t mem_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
  unsigned long p =  *ppos;
  unsigned int count = size;
  int ret = 0;
  struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/

  /*判断读位置是否有效*/
  //p为现在要读的位置，
  if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)//读的位置超出文件的最大的位置
    return 0;
  if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)//MEMDEV-p为现在最多可读的字节
    count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;

  /*读数据到用户空间*/
  if (copy_to_user(buf, (void*)(dev->data + p), count))
  {
    ret =  - EFAULT;
  }
  else
  {
    *ppos += count;
    ret = count;

    printk(KERN_INFO "read %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
  }

  return ret;
}

/*写函数*/
static ssize_t mem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *ppos)
{
  unsigned long p =  *ppos;
  unsigned int count = size;
  int ret = 0;
  struct mem_dev *dev = filp->private_data; /*获得设备结构体指针*/

  /*分析和获取有效的写长度*/
  if (p >= MEMDEV_SIZE)
    return 0;
  if (count > MEMDEV_SIZE - p)
    count = MEMDEV_SIZE - p;
      /*从用户空间写入数据*/
  if (copy_from_user(dev->data + p, buf, count))
    ret =  - EFAULT;
  else
  {
    *ppos += count;
    ret = count;

    printk(KERN_INFO "written %d bytes(s) from %d\n", count, p);
  }

  return ret;
}

/* seek文件定位函数 */
static loff_t mem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int whence)
{
    loff_t newpos;

    switch(whence) {
      case 0: /* SEEK_SET */
        newpos = offset;
        break;

      case 1: /* SEEK_CUR */
        newpos = filp->f_pos + offset;
        break;

      case 2: /* SEEK_END */
        newpos = MEMDEV_SIZE -1 + offset;
        break;

      default: /* can't happen */
        return -EINVAL;
    }
    if ((newpos<0) || (newpos>MEMDEV_SIZE))
        return -EINVAL;

    filp->f_pos = newpos;
    return newpos;

}

/*文件操作结构体*/
static const struct file_operations mem_fops =
{
  .owner = THIS_MODULE,
  .llseek = mem_llseek,
  .read = mem_read,
  .write = mem_write,
  .open = mem_open,
  .release = mem_release,
};

/*设备驱动模块加载函数*/
static int memdev_init(void)
{
  int result;
  int i;
    //将主设备号和次设备号构造一个设备号
  dev_t devno = MKDEV(mem_major, 0);

  /* 静态申请设备号*/
  if (mem_major)//如果为0则使用动态分配
    result = register_chrdev_region(devno, 2, "memdev");
  else  /* 动态分配设备号 */
  {
    result = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 2, "memdev");
    mem_major = MAJOR(devno);
  }

  if (result < 0)
    return result;

  /*初始化cdev结构*/
  cdev_init(&cdev, &mem_fops);//将cdev与mem_fops绑定起来
  cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;//这个驱动属于这个模块，计算模块引用计数
  cdev.ops = &mem_fops;

  /* 注册字符设备 */
  cdev_add(&cdev, MKDEV(mem_major, 0), MEMDEV_NR_DEVS);
/*********************分配的内存与设备的关联在open函数中*******************/
/**这个程序其实是在操作内存，即读和写这段内存，所以要分配一段内存模拟设备*****/
  /* 为设备描述结构分配内存*/
  //mem_dev结构定义在memdev.h当中，因为是自己定义的结构体，所以要分配内存
  mem_devp = kmalloc(MEMDEV_NR_DEVS * sizeof(struct mem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
  if (!mem_devp)    /*申请失败*/
  {
    result =  - ENOMEM;
    goto fail_malloc;
  }
  memset(mem_devp, 0, sizeof(struct mem_dev));

  /*为设备分配内存*/
  //这个结构体里面有一个data的指针用来存放设备
  for (i=0; i < MEMDEV_NR_DEVS; i++)
  {
        mem_devp[i].size = MEMDEV_SIZE;
        mem_devp[i].data = kmalloc(MEMDEV_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
        memset(mem_devp[i].data, 0, MEMDEV_SIZE);
  }
/**************************************************************************/
  return 0;

  fail_malloc:
  unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);

  return result;
}

/*模块卸载函数*/
static void memdev_exit(void)
{
  cdev_del(&cdev);   /*注销设备*/
  kfree(mem_devp);     /*释放设备结构体内存*/
  unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(mem_major, 0), 2); /*释放设备号*/
}

MODULE_AUTHOR("daiban");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

module_init(memdev_init);
module_exit(memdev_exit);