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2012年(20)

分类: LINUX

2012-02-15 17:40:45

subversion(以下简称svn)是近年来崛起的版本管理工具,是cvs的接班人。

svn服务器有2种运行方式:

1. 独立服务器
2. 借助apache。

二种方式各有利弊,可以根据自己的需要进行配置,我不需要Http进行访问,只需要客户端可以Commit & update 就可以,下面是我选择的第一种方式-独立的SVN服务器。

svn存储版本数据也有2种方式:

1. BDB
2. FSFS。

因为BDB方式在服务器中断时,有可能锁住数据(朋友在搞ldap时就深受其害,没法根治),所以还是FSFS方式更安全一点,我也选择这种方式。

我的系统环境:Centos-5.5 + Php-5.3.3 + Nginx-0.8.49 + Mysql-5.5.5m3+subersion-1.6.12

================================================================
============ 以上介绍系统完成,下面开始SVN安装 ==============
================================================================
获取svn安装包,直接切换到root用户进行所有操作:
最新版下载地址:http://subversion.apache.org/
直接到下载页面:http://svn.haxx.se/dev/archive-2010-06/0320.shtml

1[root@hexu.org]$ wget ""
2[root@hexu.org]$ wget ""

下载完成之后,开始编译:

1[root@hexu.org]$ tar xfvz subversion-1.6.12.tar.gz
2[root@hexu.org]$ tar xfvz subversion-deps-1.6.12.tar.gz
3[root@hexu.org]$ cd subversion-1.6.12
4[root@hexu.org]$ ./configure -–prefix=/usr/local/svn -–without-berkeley-db

注:以svnserve方式运行,不加apache编译参数。以fsfs格式存储版本库,不编译berkeley-db

如果最后出现下面WARNING,我们直接忽略即可。因为不使用BDB存储。

configure: WARNING: we have configured without BDB filesystem support You don't seem to have Berkeley DB version 4.0.14 or newer installed and linked to APR-UTIL. We have created Makefiles which will build without the Berkeley DB back-end; your repositories will use FSFS as the default back-end. You can find the latest version of Berkeley DB here: http://www.sleepycat.com/download/index.shtml

编译完成之后,开始安装:

1[root@hexu.org]$ make && make install

如果 make install 出现下面错误:

error while loading shared libraries: libiconv.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

解决办法:

01#1、编辑/etc/ld.so.conf文件:
02  [root@hexu.org]$ vi /etc/ld.so.conf
03  # 添加下面一行
04  /usr/local/lib
05 
06#2、保存后运行ldconfig。
07[root@hexu.org]$ /sbin/ldconfig
08 
09#3、再重新运行make install 问题得到解决。
10[root@hexu.org]$ make install
11 
12#注:ld.so.conf和ldconfig用于维护系统动态链接库

测试是否安装成功:

1[root@hexu.org]$ /usr/local/svn/bin/svnserve --version

如果显示如下,svn安装成功:

svnserve, version 1.6.12 (r955767) compiled Sep 1 2010, 01:36:17 Copyright (C) 2000-2009 CollabNet. Subversion is open source software, see http://subversion.tigris.org/ This product includes software developed by CollabNet (http://www.Collab.Net/). The following repository back-end (FS) modules are available: * fs_fs : Module for working with a plain file (FSFS) repository. Cyrus SASL authentication is available.

================================================================
============ 为了方便下操作,下面将SVN的BIN添加到PATH ====================
================================================================
在/etc/profile最后加入 SVN Path 以方便操作:

01#1、编辑/etc/profile文件,添加PATH
02[root@hexu.org]$  vi /etc/profile
03#比如像下面这样添加:
04PATH=/usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/svn/bin:$PATH
05 
06#添加完成执行,马上生效:
07[root@hexu.org]$ source /etc/profile
08 
09#测试查看设置是否成功
10[root@hexu.org]$  echo $PATH
11/usr/kerberos/sbin:/usr/kerberos/bin:/usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/svn/bin:......
12#上面已经包含了“/usr/local/svn/bin”,说明已经成功。

更多详细介绍可参考:http://blog.hexu.org/archives/647.shtml

================================================================
============ 以上安装完成,下面开始建立SVN版本库 =============
================================================================

svn版本库可建多个比如:repos,repos1,repos2….:
新建目录和初始化版本库:

1#新建SVN存放数据文件的版本库目录
2[root@hexu.org]$ mkdir -p /data/svn/repos
3 
4#初始化版本库,生成相关配置文件:
5[root@hexu.org]$ svnadmin create /data/svn/repos

初始化版本库完成,开始设置配置svnserve.conf:

01[root@hexu.org]$ vi /data/svn/repos/conf/svnserve.conf
02### This file controls the configuration of the svnserve daemon, if you
03### use it to allow access to this repository.  (If you only allow
04### access through http: and/or file: URLs, then this file is
05### irrelevant.)
06 
07### Visit  for more information.
08 
09[general]
10### These options control access to the repository for unauthenticated
11### and authenticated users.  Valid values are "write", "read",
12### and "none".  The sample settings below are the defaults.
13anon-access = none # 注意这里必须设置,否则所有用户不用密码就可以访问
14auth-access = write
15### The password-db option controls the location of the password
16### database file.  Unless you specify a path starting with a /,
17### the file's location is relative to the directory containing
18### this configuration file.
19### If SASL is enabled (see below), this file will NOT be used.
20### Uncomment the line below to use the default password file.
21password-db = passwd
22### The authz-db option controls the location of the authorization
23### rules for path-based access control.  Unless you specify a path
24### starting with a /, the file's location is relative to the the
25### directory containing this file.  If you don't specify an
26### authz-db, no path-based access control is done.
27### Uncomment the line below to use the default authorization file.
28authz-db = authz
29### This option specifies the authentication realm of the repository.
30### If two repositories have the same authentication realm, they should
31### have the same password database, and vice versa.  The default realm
32### is repository's uuid.
33realm = repos
34[sasl]
35### This option specifies whether you want to use the Cyrus SASL
36### library for authentication. Default is false.
37### This section will be ignored if svnserve is not built with Cyrus
38### SASL support; to check, run 'svnserve --version' and look for a line
39### reading 'Cyrus SASL authentication is available.'
40# use-sasl = true
41### These options specify the desired strength of the security layer
42### that you want SASL to provide. 0 means no encryption, 1 means
43### integrity-checking only, values larger than 1 are correlated
44### to the effective key length for encryption (e.g. 128 means 128-bit
45### encryption). The values below are the defaults.
46# min-encryption = 0
47# max-encryption = 256

注意:对用户配置文件的修改立即生效,不必重启svn。

初始化版本库完成,开始设置passwd 用户账号信息:

01[root@hexu.org]$ vi /data/svn/repos/conf/passwd.
02### This file is an example password file for svnserve.
03### Its format is similar to that of svnserve.conf. As shown in the
04### example below it contains one section labelled [users].
05### The name and password for each user follow, one account per line.
06# 在下面添加用户和密码,每行一组 username = password
07[users]
08# harry = harryssecret
09# sally = sallyssecret
10wangyong = password1
11zhangsan = password2

初始化版本库完成,开始设置authz 用户访问权限:

01### This file is an example authorization file for svnserve.
02### Its format is identical to that of mod_authz_svn authorization
03### files.
04### As shown below each section defines authorizations for the path and
05### (optional) repository specified by the section name.
06### The authorizations follow. An authorization line can refer to:
07###  - a single user,
08###  - a group of users defined in a special [groups] section,
09###  - an alias defined in a special [aliases] section,
10###  - all authenticated users, using the '$authenticated' token,
11###  - only anonymous users, using the '$anonymous' token,
12###  - anyone, using the '*' wildcard.
13###
14### A match can be inverted by prefixing the rule with '~'. Rules can
15### grant read ('r') access, read-write ('rw') access, or no access
16### ('').
17 
18[aliases]
19# joe = /C=XZ/ST=Dessert/L=Snake City/O=Snake Oil, Ltd./OU=Research Institute/CN=Joe Average
20 
21# [groups]
22# harry_and_sally = harry,sally
23# harry_sally_and_joe = harry,sally,&joe
24 
25# [/foo/bar]
26# harry = rw
27# &joe = r
28# * =
29 
30# [repository:/baz/fuz]
31# @harry_and_sally = rw
32# * = r
33#### ==================== 下面我新加的 ==================== ###
34[groups]
35grp_hexu = zhangsan, wangyong  # grp_hexu 组包括两个用户zhangsan, wangyong
36 
37[/]
38zhangsan =        # zhangsan 对根目录没有任何权限
39wangyong = rw     # wangyong 对根目录有读写权限
40 
41[repos:/hexu.org]   # 对repos仓库的hexu.org项目进行权限 限制
42@grp_hexu = rw      # 限制grp_hexu 组对hexu.org项目有读写权限
43wangyong =          # 限制wangyong所有权限,其它用户有读写权限
44 
45[repos:/test.org]   # 对repos仓库的test.org项目进行权限 限制
46@grp_hexu = rw      # 限制grp_hexu 组对test.org项目有读写权限
47zhangsan = r        # 限制zhangsan只有读权限,其它用户有读写权限

其中,1个用户组可以包含1个或多个用户,用户间以逗号分隔。

下面是举例一个最简单的svnserver.conf & passwd & authz配置:

01## svnserver.conf 配置
02[root@hexu.org]$ vi /data/svn/repos/conf/svnserve.conf
03[general]
04anon-access = none
05auth-access = write
06password-db = passwd
07authz-db    = authz
08realm       = repos
09 
10## passwd 配置
11[root@hexu.org]$ vi /data/svn/repos/conf/passwd
12[users]
13#user1 = password1
14#user2 = password2
15zhangsan = ZhanGSan
16 
17## authz 配置
18[root@hexu.org]$ vi /data/svn/repos/conf/authz
19[aliases]
20[groups]
21[/]
22zhangsan = rw

启动svn服务器和新建svn用户:

01# 以SVN身份运行,新建用户:
02[root@hexu.org]$ useradd svn
03 
04#设置SVN版本库的用户和组:
05[root@hexu.org]$ chown -R svn:svn /data/svn
06 
07#启动svn:
08[root@hexu.org]$ su - svn -c "svnserve -d --listen-port 9999 -r /data/svn"
09 
10#检查是否启动:
11[root@hexu.org]$ps -ef|grep svn
12#如果显示如下,即为启动成功:
13svn    6941    1   0 15:07  ?    00:00:00 svnserve -d –listen-port 9999 -r /data/svn

额外说明:

su - svn表示以用户svn的身份启动svn -d表示以daemon方式(后台运行)运行 –listen-port 9999表示使用9999端口,可以换成你需要的端口。但注意,使用1024以下的端口需要root权限 -r /data/svn 指定SVN服务的根目录是/data/svn

通过web方式访问svn有很多方法,请参阅配置websvn或配置bsSvnBrowser的方法。

好了所有配置完成,可以使用客户端SVN进行操作了。
================================================================
============ 以上介绍SVN版本库完成,下面开始测试 =============
================================================================

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