linux下scp命令的使用方法详解实例

linux下scp命令的使用方法详解实例

scp是secure copy的简写，用于在Linux下进行远程拷贝文件的命令，和它类似的命令有cp，不过cp只是在本机进行拷贝不能跨服务器，而且scp传输是加密的。可能会稍微影响一下速度。当你服务器硬盘变为只读 read only system时，用scp可以帮你把文件移出来。另外，scp还非常不占资源，不会提高多少系统负荷，在这一点上，rsync就远远不及它了。虽然 rsync比scp会快一点，但当小文件众多的情况下，rsync会导致硬盘I/O非常高，而scp基本不影响系统正常使用。

假如有两台机器：
本地：192.168.0.1
远程：192.168.0.2

拷贝远程文件到本地
scp -P 2222 root@192.168.0.2:/root/fcbu.com.zip /home/wwwroot/fcbu.com.zip


将本地文件上传到服务器上
scp -P 2222 /home/wwwroot/fcbu.com.zip root@192.168.0.2:/root/fcbu.com.zip


拷贝远程目录到本地
scp -P 2222 -r root@192.168.0.2:/root/fcbu.com/ /home/wwwroot/fcbu.com/


将本地目录上传到远程服务器上
scp -P 2222 -r /home/wwwroot/fcbu.com/ root@192.168.0.2:/root/fcbu.com/


ssh默认连接端口是22，如果有更改过，则需要使用-P参数。例如上面的命令是将端口更改为2222：scp -P 2222

scp常用的一些参数：

-v 和大多数 linux 命令中的 -v 意思一样 , 用来显示进度 . 可以用来查看连接，认证，或是配置错误。
-C 启用压缩选项，
-r 传递目录下的所有内容
-P 选择端口 . 注意 -p 已经被 rcp 使用 . 　　
-4 强行使用 IPV4 地址 . 　　
-6 强行使用 IPV6 地址 . 　　

更多直接man scp
SCP(1)                    BSD General Commands Manual                   SCP(1)

NAME
     scp - secure copy (remote file copy program)

SYNOPSIS
     scp [-1246BCpqrv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file] [-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port] [-S program]
         [[user@]host1:]file1 [...] [[user@]host2:]file2

DESCRIPTION
     scp copies files between hosts on a network.  It uses ssh(1) for data transfer, and uses the same authentication and provides
     the same security as ssh(1).  Unlike rcp(1), scp will ask for passwords or passphrases if they are needed for authentication.

     Any file name may contain a host and user specification to indicate that the file is to be copied to/from that host.  Copies
     between two remote hosts are permitted.

     When copying a source file to a target file which already exists, scp will replace the contents of the target file (keeping
     the inode).

     If the target file does not yet exist, an empty file with the target file name is created, then filled with the source file
     contents.  No attempt is made at "near-atomic" transfer using temporary files.

     The options are as follows:

     -1      Forces scp to use protocol 1.

     -2      Forces scp to use protocol 2.

     -4      Forces scp to use IPv4 addresses only.

     -6      Forces scp to use IPv6 addresses only.

     -B      Selects batch mode (prevents asking for passwords or passphrases).

     -C      Compression enable.  Passes the -C flag to ssh(1) to enable compression.

     -c cipher
             Selects the cipher to use for encrypting the data transfer.  This option is directly passed to ssh(1).

     -F ssh_config
             Specifies an alternative per-user configuration file for ssh.  This option is directly passed to ssh(1).

     -i identity_file
             Selects the file from which the identity (private key) for RSA authentication is read.  This option is directly
             passed to ssh(1).

     -l limit
             Limits the used bandwidth, specified in Kbit/s.

     -o ssh_option
             Can be used to pass options to ssh in the format used in ssh_config(5).  This is useful for specifying options for
             which there is no separate scp command-line flag.  For full details of the options listed below, and their possible
             values, see ssh_config(5).

                   AddressFamily
                   BatchMode
                   BindAddress
                   ChallengeResponseAuthentication
                   CheckHostIP
                   Cipher
                   Ciphers
                   Compression
                   CompressionLevel
                   ConnectionAttempts
                   ConnectTimeout
                   ControlMaster
                   ControlPath
                   GlobalKnownHostsFile
                   GSSAPIAuthentication
                   GSSAPIDelegateCredentials
                   HashKnownHosts
                   Host
                   HostbasedAuthentication
                   HostKeyAlgorithms
                   HostKeyAlias
                   HostName
                   IdentityFile
                   IdentitiesOnly
                   KbdInteractiveDevices
                   LogLevel
                   MACs
                   NoHostAuthenticationForLocalhost
                   NumberOfPasswordPrompts
                   PasswordAuthentication
                   Port
                   PreferredAuthentications
                   Protocol
                   ProxyCommand
                   PubkeyAuthentication
                   RekeyLimit
                   RhostsRSAAuthentication
                   RSAAuthentication
                   SendEnv
                   ServerAliveInterval
                   ServerAliveCountMax
                   SmartcardDevice
                   StrictHostKeyChecking
                   TCPKeepAlive
                   UsePrivilegedPort
                   User
                   UserKnownHostsFile
                   VerifyHostKeyDNS

     -P port
             Specifies the port to connect to on the remote host.  Note that this option is written with a capital ‘P’, because -p
             is already reserved for preserving the times and modes of the file in rcp(1).

     -p      Preserves modification times, access times, and modes from the original file.

     -q      Disables the progress meter.

     -r      Recursively copy entire directories.

     -S program
             Name of program to use for the encrypted connection.  The program must understand ssh(1) options.

     -v      Verbose mode.  Causes scp and ssh(1) to print debugging messages about their progress.  This is helpful in debugging
             connection, authentication, and configuration problems.

DIAGNOSTICS
     scp exits with 0 on success or >0 if an error occurred.

SEE ALSO
     rcp(1), sftp(1), ssh(1), ssh-add(1), ssh-agent(1), ssh-keygen(1), ssh_config(5), sshd(8)

HISTORY
     scp is based on the rcp(1) program in BSD source code from the Regents of the University of California.

AUTHORS
     Timo Rinne [e-mail]
     Tatu Ylonen [e-mail]