TI-AM3359 I2C适配器实例分析
I2C Spec简述
特性:- 兼容飞利浦I2C 2.1版本规格
- 支持标准模式(100K bits/s)和快速模式(400K bits/s)
- 多路接收、发送模式
- 支持7bit、10bit设备地址模式
- 32字节FIFO缓冲区
- 可编程时钟发生器
- 双DMA通道,一条中断线
- 三个I2C模块实例I2C0\I2C1\I2C2
- 时钟信号能够达到最高48MHz,来自PRCM
- SCCB协议
- 高速模式(3.4MBPS)
管脚 | 类型 | 描述 |
---|---|---|
I2Cx_SCL | I/OD | I2C 串行时钟 |
I2Cx_SDA | I/OD | I2C 串行数据 |
- 通过系统重置PIRSTNA=0,所有寄存器都会被重置到上电状态
- 软重置,置位I2C_SYSC寄存器的SRST位。
- I2C_CON寄存器的I2C_EN位可以让I2C模块重置。当PIRSTNA=1,I2C_EN=0会让I2C模块功能部分重置,所有寄存器数据会被暂存(不会恢复上电状态)
- SDA在SCL高电平期间必须保持稳定,而只有在SCL低电平期间数据线(SDA)才可以进行高低电平切换
当I2C模块被设置为主控制时会产生START和STOP:
- START开始位是SCL高电平期间SDA HIGH->LOW
- STOP停止位是SCL高电平期间SDA LOW->HIGH
- 在START信号后总线就会被认为是busy忙状态,而在STOP后其会被视为空闲状态
8位数据格式,每个放在SDA线上的都是1个字节即8位长,总共有多少个字节要发送/接收是需要写在DCOUNT寄存器中的。数据是高位先传输,如果I2C模块处于接收模式中,那么一个应答位后跟着一个字节的数据。I2C模块支持两种数据格式:
- 7bit/10bit地址格式
- 带有多个开始位的7bit/10bit地址格式
FIFO控制
I2C模块有两个内部的32字节FIFO,FIFO的深度可以通过控制I2C_IRQSTATUS_RAW.FIFODEPTH寄存器修改。
如何编程I2C
1. 使能模块前先设置- 使分频器产生约12MHz的I2C模块时钟(设置I2C_PSC=x,x的值需要根据系统时钟频率进行计算)
- 使I2C时钟产生100Kpbs(Standard Mode)或400Kbps(Fast Mode)(SCLL = x 及 SCLH = x,这些值也是需要根据系统时钟频率进行计算)
- 如果是FS模式,则配置自己的地址(I2C_OA = x)
- 重置I2C模块(I2C_CON:I2C_EN=1)
- 设置I2C工作模式寄存器(I2C_CON)
- 若想用传输数据中断则使能中断掩码(I2C_IRQENABLE_SET)
- 如果在FS模式中,使用DMA传输数据的话,使能DMA(I2C_BUF及I2C_DMA/RX/TX/ENABLE_SET)且配置DMA控制器
在主动模式中,设置从地址(I2C_SA = x),设置传输需要的字节数(I2C_CNT = x)
4. 初始化一次传输在FS模式中。查询一下I2C状态寄存器(I2C_IRQSTATUS_RAW)中总线状态(BB),如果是0则说明总线不是忙状态,设置START/STOP(I2C_CON:STT/STP)初始化一次传输。
5. 接收数据检查I2C状态寄存器(I2C_IRQSTATUS_RAW)中代表接收数据是否准备好的中断位(RRDY),用这个RRDY中断(I2C_IRQENABLE_SET.RRDY_IE置位)或使用DMA_RX(I2C_BUF.RDMA_EN置位且I2C_DMARXENABLE_SET置位)去数据接收寄存器(I2C_DATA)中去读接收到的数据。
6. 发送数据查询代表传输数据是否准备好的中断位(XRDY)(还是在状态寄存器I2C_IRQSTATUS_RAW中),用XRDY中断(I2C_IRQENABLE_SET.XRDY_IE置位)或DMA_TX(I2C_BUF.XDMA_EN与I2C_DMATXENABLE_SET置位)去将数据写入到I2C_DATA寄存器中。
I2C寄存器
由于寄存器众多,这里只将上述提到过的几个拿出来(不包含DMA相关)。
偏移量 | 寄存器名 | 概述 |
---|---|---|
00h | I2C_REVNB_LO | 只读,存储着硬烧写的此模块的版本号 |
04h | I2C_REVNB_HI | 只读,存储功能和SCHEME信息 |
24h | I2C_IRQSTATUS_RAW | 读写,提供相关中断信息,是否使能等 |
2Ch | I2C_IRQENABLE_SET | 读写,使能中断 |
98h | I2C_CNT | 读写,设置I2C数据承载量(多少字节),在STT设1和接到ARDY间不能改动此寄存器 |
9Ch | I2C_DATA | 读写,8位,本地数据读写到FIFO寄存器 |
A4h | I2C_CON | 读写,在传输期间不要修改(STT为1到接收到ARDY间),I2C控制设置 |
A8h | I2C_OA | 读写,8位,传输期间不能修改。设置自身I2C地址7bit/10bit |
ACh | I2C_SA | 读写,10位,设置从地址7bit/10bit |
B0h | I2C_PSC | 读写,8位,分频器设置,使能I2C前可修改 |
B4h | I2C_SCLL | 读写,8位,使能I2C前可修改,占空比低电平时间 |
B8h | I2C_SCLH | 读写,8位,使能I2C前可修改,占空比高电平时间 |
适配器代码解读
在Linux内核驱动中,此适配器驱动存在于drivers/i2c/busses/i2c-omap.c。根据前几节对适配器i2c_adapter的理解,在写I2C适配器驱动时,主要集中在对传输、设备初始化、电源管理这几点。
平台设备注册static struct platform_driver omap_i2c_driver = { .probe = omap_i2c_probe, .remove = omap_i2c_remove, .driver = { .name = "omap_i2c", .owner = THIS_MODULE, .pm = OMAP_I2C_PM_OPS, .of_match_table = of_match_ptr(omap_i2c_of_match), }, };
可以看到,此适配器的匹配是通过dts(Device Tree)进行匹配的,omap_i2c_of_match为:
static const struct of_device_id omap_i2c_of_match[] = { { .compatible = "ti,omap4-i2c", .data = &omap4_pdata, }, { .compatible = "ti,omap3-i2c", .data = &omap3_pdata, }, { }, };
通过在查阅相关dts,不难发现有这样的设备节点存在:
i2c0: i2c@44e0b000 { compatible = "ti,omap4-i2c"; #address-cells = <1>; #size-cells = <0>; ti,hwmods = "i2c1"; /* TODO: Fix hwmod */ reg = <0x44e0b000 0x1000>; interrupts = <70>; status = "disabled"; }; i2c1: i2c@4802a000 { compatible = "ti,omap4-i2c"; #address-cells = <1>; #size-cells = <0>; ti,hwmods = "i2c2"; /* TODO: Fix hwmod */ reg = <0x4802a000 0x1000>; interrupts = <71>; status = "disabled"; }; i2c2: i2c@4819c000 { compatible = "ti,omap4-i2c"; #address-cells = <1>; #size-cells = <0>; ti,hwmods = "i2c3"; /* TODO: Fix hwmod */ reg = <0x4819c000 0x1000>; interrupts = <30>; status = "disabled"; };
通过查阅AM3359手册168页的内存映射表可以发现,这个dts所描述的3个I2C总线节点是与AM3359完全对应的,而名称(即compatible)也与驱动中所指定的列表项能够匹配。至于中断号的确定可通过手册的212页TABLE 6-1. ARM Cortex-A8 Interrupts得到,这里不再贴图,关于DTS的相关知识也非本问涉及,不做介绍。
下面重点分析此驱动的probe及电源管理。
匹配动作probe由于DTS的存在,一旦内核检测到匹配的Device Tree节点就会触发probe匹配动作(因为DTS节省了对原本platform_device在板级代码中的存在)。由于probe函数内容较多,此处部分节选:
static int omap_i2c_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) { struct omap_i2c_dev *dev; struct i2c_adapter *adap; struct resource *mem; const struct omap_i2c_bus_platform_data *pdata = pdev->dev.platform_data; struct device_node *node = pdev->dev.of_node; const struct of_device_id *match; int irq; int r; u32 rev; u16 minor, major, scheme; struct pinctrl *pinctrl; /* NOTE: driver uses the static register mapping */ mem = platform_get_resource(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, 0); //对应DTS中reg if (!mem) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "no mem resource?\n"); return -ENODEV; } irq = platform_get_irq(pdev, 0); //对应DTS中interrupts if (irq < 0) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "no irq resource?\n"); return irq; } dev = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(struct omap_i2c_dev), GFP_KERNEL); if (!dev) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "Menory allocation failed\n"); return -ENOMEM; } dev->base = devm_request_and_ioremap(&pdev->dev, mem); //做内存和IO映射 if (!dev->base) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "I2C region already claimed\n"); return -ENOMEM; } match = of_match_device(of_match_ptr(omap_i2c_of_match), &pdev->dev); //通过DTS进行匹配 if (match) { u32 freq = 100000; /* default to 100000 Hz */ pdata = match->data; dev->flags = pdata->flags; of_property_read_u32(node, "clock-frequency", &freq); /* convert DT freq value in Hz into kHz for speed */ dev->speed = freq / 1000; //若成功匹配则设置I2C总线适配器速度为clock-frequency的数值 } else if (pdata != NULL) { dev->speed = pdata->clkrate; //若没匹配成功,而又有pdata(即通过传统方式注册platform_device) dev->flags = pdata->flags; dev->set_mpu_wkup_lat = pdata->set_mpu_wkup_lat; } rev = __raw_readw(dev->base + 0x04); //读取I2C_REVNB_HI寄存器 /* * #define OMAP_I2C_SCHEME(rev) ((rev & 0xc000) >> 14) * 对应spec中描述:4244页,15-14位SCHEME,只读。 */ scheme = OMAP_I2C_SCHEME(rev); switch (scheme) { case OMAP_I2C_SCHEME_0: dev->regs = (u8 *)reg_map_ip_v1; dev->rev = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_REV_REG); minor = OMAP_I2C_REV_SCHEME_0_MAJOR(dev->rev); major = OMAP_I2C_REV_SCHEME_0_MAJOR(dev->rev); break; case OMAP_I2C_SCHEME_1: /* FALLTHROUGH */ default: dev->regs = (u8 *)reg_map_ip_v2; rev = (rev << 16) | omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_REVNB_LO); minor = OMAP_I2C_REV_SCHEME_1_MINOR(rev); major = OMAP_I2C_REV_SCHEME_1_MAJOR(rev); dev->rev = rev; }
上述代码为版本判断,根据不同版本确定不同的寄存器地图。根据spec能够确定,实际AM3359的I2C总线适配器应该是OMAP_I2C_SCHEME_1类型,其寄存器地图为reg_map_ip_v2:
static const u8 reg_map_ip_v2[] = { [OMAP_I2C_REV_REG] = 0x04, [OMAP_I2C_IE_REG] = 0x2c, [OMAP_I2C_STAT_REG] = 0x28, [OMAP_I2C_IV_REG] = 0x34, [OMAP_I2C_WE_REG] = 0x34, [OMAP_I2C_SYSS_REG] = 0x90, [OMAP_I2C_BUF_REG] = 0x94, [OMAP_I2C_CNT_REG] = 0x98, [OMAP_I2C_DATA_REG] = 0x9c, [OMAP_I2C_SYSC_REG] = 0x10, [OMAP_I2C_CON_REG] = 0xa4, [OMAP_I2C_OA_REG] = 0xa8, [OMAP_I2C_SA_REG] = 0xac, [OMAP_I2C_PSC_REG] = 0xb0, [OMAP_I2C_SCLL_REG] = 0xb4, [OMAP_I2C_SCLH_REG] = 0xb8, [OMAP_I2C_SYSTEST_REG] = 0xbC, [OMAP_I2C_BUFSTAT_REG] = 0xc0, [OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_REVNB_LO] = 0x00, [OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_REVNB_HI] = 0x04, [OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_IRQSTATUS_RAW] = 0x24, [OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_IRQENABLE_SET] = 0x2c, [OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_IRQENABLE_CLR] = 0x30, };
与spec能够对应上。不过这个列表不是根据寄存器地址排序的,是根据:
enum { OMAP_I2C_REV_REG = 0, OMAP_I2C_IE_REG, OMAP_I2C_STAT_REG, OMAP_I2C_IV_REG, OMAP_I2C_WE_REG, OMAP_I2C_SYSS_REG, OMAP_I2C_BUF_REG, OMAP_I2C_CNT_REG, OMAP_I2C_DATA_REG, OMAP_I2C_SYSC_REG, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG, OMAP_I2C_OA_REG, OMAP_I2C_SA_REG, OMAP_I2C_PSC_REG, OMAP_I2C_SCLL_REG, OMAP_I2C_SCLH_REG, OMAP_I2C_SYSTEST_REG, OMAP_I2C_BUFSTAT_REG, /* only on OMAP4430 */ OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_REVNB_LO, OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_REVNB_HI, OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_IRQSTATUS_RAW, OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_IRQENABLE_SET, OMAP_I2C_IP_V2_IRQENABLE_CLR, };
共计23个寄存器。接下来是获取FIFO信息:
if (!(dev->flags & OMAP_I2C_FLAG_NO_FIFO)) { u16 s; /* * OMAP_I2C_BUFSTAT_REG对应寄存器地图中的寄存器0xc0,即I2C_BUFSTAT寄存器。 * 其第14~15位代表FIFO大小:0x0-8字节,0x1-16字节,0x2-32字节,0x3-64字节,只读寄存器。 * 改变RX/TX FIFO可通过改写I2C_BUF 0x94寄存器 */ s = (omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_BUFSTAT_REG) >> 14) & 0x3; dev->fifo_size = 0x8 << s; dev->fifo_size = (dev->fifo_size / 2); //折半是为了处理潜在事件 }
接下来是对I2C适配器的初始化:
/* reset ASAP, clearing any IRQs */ //尽快重置,清除所有中断位 omap_i2c_init(dev);
进入此函数后在对具体硬件操作前还进行了时钟的相关计算,由于代码比较冗长,这里直接根据实际情况提炼出部分代码进行分析:
static int omap_i2c_init(struct omap_i2c_dev *dev) { u16 psc = 0, scll = 0, sclh = 0; u16 fsscll = 0, fssclh = 0, hsscll = 0, hssclh = 0; unsigned long fclk_rate = 12000000; //12MHz unsigned long internal_clk = 0; struct clk *fclk; if (!(dev->flags & OMAP_I2C_FLAG_SIMPLE_CLOCK)) { //上边的代码中表示过,默认为100KHz。即标准模式,而此I2C适配器只能支持标准和快速,对于高速模式并不支持 internal_clk = 4000; fclk = clk_get(dev->dev, "fck"); fclk_rate = clk_get_rate(fclk) / 1000; clk_put(fclk); /* Compute prescaler divisor */ psc = fclk_rate / internal_clk; //计算分频器系数,0~0xff表示1倍到256倍 psc = psc - 1; /* * SCLL为SCL低电平设置,持续时间tROW = (SCLL + 7) * ICLK,即SCLL = tROW / ICLK - 7 * SCLH为SCL高电平设置,持续时间tHIGH= (SCLH + 5) * ICLK,即SCLH = tHIGH/ ICLK - 5 */ /* Standard mode */ fsscll = internal_clk / (dev->speed * 2) - 7; fssclh = internal_clk / (dev->speed * 2) - 5; scll = (hsscll << OMAP_I2C_SCLL_HSSCLL) | fsscll; sclh = (hssclh << OMAP_I2C_SCLH_HSSCLH) | fssclh; } dev->iestate = (OMAP_I2C_IE_XRDY | OMAP_I2C_IE_RRDY | OMAP_I2C_IE_ARDY | OMAP_I2C_IE_NACK | OMAP_I2C_IE_AL) | ((dev->fifo_size) ? (OMAP_I2C_IE_RDR | OMAP_I2C_IE_XDR) : 0); //设置传输数据相关中断位 dev->pscstate = psc; dev->scllstate = scll; dev->sclhstate = sclh; __omap_i2c_init(dev); return 0; }
对一些最后的必要参数计算或匹配完后,通过最终的__omap_i2c_init(dev)进行最后的写入:
static void __omap_i2c_init(struct omap_i2c_dev *dev) { omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG, 0); //重置控制器 /* Setup clock prescaler to obtain approx 12MHz I2C module clock: */ omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_PSC_REG, dev->pscstate); //设置分频器参数 /* SCL low and high time values */ omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_SCLL_REG, dev->scllstate); //设置SCL高低电平参数 omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_SCLH_REG, dev->sclhstate); if (dev->rev >= OMAP_I2C_REV_ON_3430_3530) omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_WE_REG, dev->westate); /* Take the I2C module out of reset: */ omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG, OMAP_I2C_CON_EN); //使能I2C适配器 /* * Don't write to this register if the IE state is 0 as it can * cause deadlock. */ if (dev->iestate) omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_IE_REG, dev->iestate); //设置中断使能位 }
到这里硬件模块的初始化工作就全部完成了。接下来继续,包含了中断处理程序注册、适配器注册等。
r = devm_request_threaded_irq(&pdev->dev, dev->irq, omap_i2c_isr, omap_i2c_isr_thread, IRQF_NO_SUSPEND | IRQF_ONESHOT, pdev->name, dev); //申请中断,并安装相应的handle及中断工作线程(主要包含传输工作) if (r) { dev_err(dev->dev, "failure requesting irq %i\n", dev->irq); goto err_unuse_clocks; } adap = &dev->adapter; //开始准备适配器的注册工作 i2c_set_adapdata(adap, dev); //之前设置、计算的那些参数不能丢掉,要保存在adapter的dev->p->driver_data中。 adap->owner = THIS_MODULE; adap->class = I2C_CLASS_HWMON; strlcpy(adap->name, "OMAP I2C adapter", sizeof(adap->name)); adap->algo = &omap_i2c_algo; //此适配器的通讯算法 adap->dev.parent = &pdev->dev; adap->dev.of_node = pdev->dev.of_node; /* i2c device drivers may be active on return from add_adapter() */ adap->nr = pdev->id; //指定总线号 r = i2c_add_numbered_adapter(adap); //注册适配器 of_i2c_register_devices(adap); //注册在DTS中声明的I2C设备
至此此I2C适配器成功注册,属于他的I2C设备也即将通过注册。稍做休息,然后分析最最重要的adapter->algo成员。
static const struct i2c_algorithm omap_i2c_algo = { .master_xfer = omap_i2c_xfer, .functionality = omap_i2c_func, };
先看简单的功能查询接口函数:
static u32 omap_i2c_func(struct i2c_adapter *adap) { return I2C_FUNC_I2C | (I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_EMUL & ~I2C_FUNC_SMBUS_QUICK) | I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING; }
支持I2C、支持仿真SMBUS但不支持快速协议、支持协议编码(自定义协议)。在分析master_xfer成员前先熟悉一下i2c_msg的数据结构:
struct i2c_msg { __u16 addr; /* slave address */ __u16 flags; #define I2C_M_TEN 0x0010 /* this is a ten bit chip address */ //10bit从地址 #define I2C_M_RD 0x0001 /* read data, from slave to master */ //读数据 /* * 相关资料 https://www.kernel.org/doc/Documentation/i2c/i2c-protocol */ #define I2C_M_STOP 0x8000 /* if I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING */ //每个消息后都会带有一个STOP位 #define I2C_M_NOSTART 0x4000 /* if I2C_FUNC_NOSTART */ //多消息传输,在第二个消息前设置此位 #define I2C_M_REV_DIR_ADDR 0x2000 /* if I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING */ //切换读写标志位 #define I2C_M_IGNORE_NAK 0x1000 /* if I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING */ //no ACK位会被视为ACK #define I2C_M_NO_RD_ACK 0x0800 /* if I2C_FUNC_PROTOCOL_MANGLING */ //读消息时候,主设备的ACK/no ACK位会被忽略 #define I2C_M_RECV_LEN 0x0400 /* length will be first received byte */ __u16 len; /* msg length */ __u8 *buf; /* pointer to msg data */ };
- addr即从设备地址
- flags可以控制数据、协议格式等
- len代表消息产股的
- buf是指向所传输数据的指针
下面介绍AM3359 I2C适配器的传输机制:
static int omap_i2c_xfer(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg msgs[], int num) { struct omap_i2c_dev *dev = i2c_get_adapdata(adap); int i; int r; r = pm_runtime_get_sync(dev->dev); if (IS_ERR_VALUE(r)) goto out; r = omap_i2c_wait_for_bb(dev); //通过读取寄存器I2C_IRQSTATUS的12位BB查询总线状态,等待总线空闲 if (r < 0) goto out; if (dev->set_mpu_wkup_lat != NULL) dev->set_mpu_wkup_lat(dev->dev, dev->latency); for (i = 0; i < num; i++) { r = omap_i2c_xfer_msg(adap, &msgs[i], (i == (num - 1))); //传输消息,最后一条消息接STOP位 if (r != 0) break; } if (r == 0) r = num; omap_i2c_wait_for_bb(dev); out: pm_runtime_mark_last_busy(dev->dev); pm_runtime_put_autosuspend(dev->dev); return r; }
omap_i2c_xfer_msg比较长,让我们慢慢分析:
static int omap_i2c_xfer_msg(struct i2c_adapter *adap, struct i2c_msg *msg, int stop) { struct omap_i2c_dev *dev = i2c_get_adapdata(adap); unsigned long timeout; u16 w; dev_dbg(dev->dev, "addr: 0x%04x, len: %d, flags: 0x%x, stop: %d\n", msg->addr, msg->len, msg->flags, stop); if (msg->len == 0) //无效长度检测 return -EINVAL; dev->receiver = !!(msg->flags & I2C_M_RD); //判断是否为读取数据,若是则为receiver模式 omap_i2c_resize_fifo(dev, msg->len, dev->receiver); //根据所需发送/接收数据调整并清空对应FIFO,操作I2C_BUF寄存器0x94 //14位,清除接收FIFO,13~8位设置接收FIFO大小,最大64字节 //6位,清除发送FIFO,0~5位设置发送FIFO大小,最大64字节 omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_SA_REG, msg->addr); //写入从地址 /* REVISIT: Could the STB bit of I2C_CON be used with probing? */ dev->buf = msg->buf; //组装消息 dev->buf_len = msg->len; /* make sure writes to dev->buf_len are ordered */ barrier(); omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CNT_REG, dev->buf_len); //写入消息数量 /* Clear the FIFO Buffers */ w = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_BUF_REG); w |= OMAP_I2C_BUF_RXFIF_CLR | OMAP_I2C_BUF_TXFIF_CLR; omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_BUF_REG, w); //依然是清除FIFO,在omap_i2c_resize_fifo中只清除了RX/TX之一,由dev->receiver决定 INIT_COMPLETION(dev->cmd_complete); //初始化等待量,是为中断处理线程准备的 dev->cmd_err = 0; //清空错误码 w = OMAP_I2C_CON_EN | OMAP_I2C_CON_MST | OMAP_I2C_CON_STT; //使能I2C适配器,并设置master模式,产生开始位。即S-A-D /* S开始位,A从地址,D数据,P停止位。在I2C适配器发送数据时的序列为: * S-A-D-(n)-P * 而即便是I2C适配器从从设备中读取数据,其协议头也是一样的,之后后续发生改变: * S-A-D-S-A-D-P 关于读写方向,一包含在A中。所以无论是读还是写,第一个S-A-D都会有的。 */ /* High speed configuration */ if (dev->speed > 400) w |= OMAP_I2C_CON_OPMODE_HS; if (msg->flags & I2C_M_STOP) stop = 1; if (msg->flags & I2C_M_TEN) //10bit从地址扩展 w |= OMAP_I2C_CON_XA; if (!(msg->flags & I2C_M_RD)) w |= OMAP_I2C_CON_TRX; //设置是发送、接收模式 if (!dev->b_hw && stop) //在传输最后生成一个STOP位,若flags设置了I2C_M_STOP则每一个消息后都要跟一个STOP位(真的有这样的从设备需求) w |= OMAP_I2C_CON_STP; omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG, w); //通过设置I2C_CON寄存器初始化一次传输,此处后进入中断程序 /* * Don't write stt and stp together on some hardware. */ if (dev->b_hw && stop) { unsigned long delay = jiffies + OMAP_I2C_TIMEOUT; u16 con = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG); while (con & OMAP_I2C_CON_STT) { con = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG); /* Let the user know if i2c is in a bad state */ if (time_after(jiffies, delay)) { dev_err(dev->dev, "controller timed out " "waiting for start condition to finish\n"); return -ETIMEDOUT; } cpu_relax(); } w |= OMAP_I2C_CON_STP; w &= ~OMAP_I2C_CON_STT; omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG, w); //写停止位 } /* * REVISIT: We should abort the transfer on signals, but the bus goes * into arbitration and we're currently unable to recover from it. */ timeout = wait_for_completion_timeout(&dev->cmd_complete, OMAP_I2C_TIMEOUT); //等待中断处理完成 if (timeout == 0) { dev_err(dev->dev, "controller timed out\n"); omap_i2c_reset(dev); __omap_i2c_init(dev); return -ETIMEDOUT; } if (likely(!dev->cmd_err)) //下边是一些错误处理,错误码会在中断处理中出错的时候配置上 return 0; /* We have an error */ if (dev->cmd_err & (OMAP_I2C_STAT_AL | OMAP_I2C_STAT_ROVR | OMAP_I2C_STAT_XUDF)) { omap_i2c_reset(dev); __omap_i2c_init(dev); return -EIO; } if (dev->cmd_err & OMAP_I2C_STAT_NACK) { if (msg->flags & I2C_M_IGNORE_NAK) return 0; if (stop) { w = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG); w |= OMAP_I2C_CON_STP; omap_i2c_write_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_CON_REG, w); } return -EREMOTEIO; } return -EIO; }
可见,这里只是对消息的发送、接收做了前期的初始化以及扫尾工作,关键在于中断如何处理:
static irqreturn_t omap_i2c_isr(int irq, void *dev_id) { struct omap_i2c_dev *dev = dev_id; irqreturn_t ret = IRQ_HANDLED; u16 mask; u16 stat; spin_lock(&dev->lock); mask = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_IE_REG); stat = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_REG); if (stat & mask) //检验中断是否有效,若有效则开启中断线程 ret = IRQ_WAKE_THREAD; spin_unlock(&dev->lock); return ret; }
接下来进入I2C适配器的中断处理线程:
static irqreturn_t omap_i2c_isr_thread(int this_irq, void *dev_id) { struct omap_i2c_dev *dev = dev_id; unsigned long flags; u16 bits; u16 stat; int err = 0, count = 0; spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->lock, flags); do { bits = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_IE_REG); stat = omap_i2c_read_reg(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_REG); stat &= bits; //IRQ status和使能寄存器基本是一一对应的(除部分保留位) /* If we're in receiver mode, ignore XDR/XRDY */ //根据不同模式自动忽略对应寄存器 if (dev->receiver) stat &= ~(OMAP_I2C_STAT_XDR | OMAP_I2C_STAT_XRDY); else stat &= ~(OMAP_I2C_STAT_RDR | OMAP_I2C_STAT_RRDY); if (!stat) { /* my work here is done */ goto out; } //过滤一圈下来发现白扯了~Orz dev_dbg(dev->dev, "IRQ (ISR = 0x%04x)\n", stat); if (count++ == 100) { //一次中断可能带有多个事件,如事件过多(100个)直接放弃…… dev_warn(dev->dev, "Too much work in one IRQ\n"); break; } if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_NACK) { //收到NO ACK位 err |= OMAP_I2C_STAT_NACK; omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_NACK); //记录错误码,清空此位 break; } if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_AL) { //在发送模式中,丢失Arbitration后自动置位 dev_err(dev->dev, "Arbitration lost\n"); err |= OMAP_I2C_STAT_AL; omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_AL); break; } /* * ProDB0017052: Clear ARDY bit twice */ if (stat & (OMAP_I2C_STAT_ARDY | OMAP_I2C_STAT_NACK | OMAP_I2C_STAT_AL)) { omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, (OMAP_I2C_STAT_RRDY | OMAP_I2C_STAT_RDR | OMAP_I2C_STAT_XRDY | OMAP_I2C_STAT_XDR | OMAP_I2C_STAT_ARDY)); break; } //接收数据,不过我没太弄懂RDR和RRDY的关系,应该是一个是FIFO中的数据,一个不是。有高手请帮解读下,不胜感激。 if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_RDR) { //RDR有效 u8 num_bytes = 1; if (dev->fifo_size) num_bytes = dev->buf_len; omap_i2c_receive_data(dev, num_bytes, true); //从I2C_DATA寄存器中读取接收到的数据 if (dev->errata & I2C_OMAP_ERRATA_I207) i2c_omap_errata_i207(dev, stat); omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_RDR); continue; } if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_RRDY) { //有新消息待读 u8 num_bytes = 1; if (dev->threshold) num_bytes = dev->threshold; omap_i2c_receive_data(dev, num_bytes, false); //接收数据 omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_RRDY); continue; } //发送数据相关 if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_XDR) { u8 num_bytes = 1; int ret; if (dev->fifo_size) num_bytes = dev->buf_len; ret = omap_i2c_transmit_data(dev, num_bytes, true); //将数据写入I2C_DATA寄存器 if (ret < 0) break; omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_XDR); continue; } if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_XRDY) { u8 num_bytes = 1; int ret; if (dev->threshold) num_bytes = dev->threshold; ret = omap_i2c_transmit_data(dev, num_bytes, false); if (ret < 0) break; omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_XRDY); continue; } if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_ROVR) { //接收溢出 dev_err(dev->dev, "Receive overrun\n"); err |= OMAP_I2C_STAT_ROVR; omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_ROVR); break; } if (stat & OMAP_I2C_STAT_XUDF) { //发送溢出 dev_err(dev->dev, "Transmit underflow\n"); err |= OMAP_I2C_STAT_XUDF; omap_i2c_ack_stat(dev, OMAP_I2C_STAT_XUDF); break; } } while (stat); omap_i2c_complete_cmd(dev, err); //通知传输函数完成(可以写STOP位了),并带回错误码 out: spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->lock, flags); return IRQ_HANDLED; }
到这里就分析完AM3359的I2C总线适配器的消息传输算法了。关于RDR/RRDY和XDR/XRDY的困惑之后我会去自己分辨,如果有了新的理解会及时更新。若有大牛路过,也希望对此给予指点一二。
总结:
通过对AM3359集成的I2C总线适配器的驱动分析,可以看到对于适配器驱动来说,需要包含一下几点:
- 电源管理
- 初始化(时钟、中断等参数设置)
- 消息传输算法实现
其中最复杂,也最重要的模块就是传输算法的实现,虽然模式中主要就是两种(master/slave),但是对中断状态的检测尤为重要,而且其中还要有必要的判错防御代码来保证在出现异常的情况下I2C适配器能够自矫正进而继续正常工作。