客户的一次疏忽,DBA的一次噩梦。
转载出处:http://www.oracleblog.org/working-case/dba-always-bad-luck-with-careless-customer/
今晚接到老大的电话,泰国的客户不小心删除了一些表的数据,现在非常着急,需要恢复数据。其实DBA做的数据库备份,很大程度是是用于数据库crash掉的时候,恢复数据,而不是三天两头的因为客户误删了数据,而去做恢复。
看了客户的邮件,是有2个表的数据被误删除或者误插入或者误更新了。总之,操作过一大通,希望恢复到当天下午15:30的数据。上数据库去查了一下,用备份来恢复,似乎时间不够,尝试用户flashback query,发现已经回不去了:
SQL> SQL> SQL> SELECT count(*) from hr_ttm.TA_ABSDOCS
2 AS OF TIMESTAMP TO_TIMESTAMP('2011-06-09 15:29:00','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS');
SELECT count(*) from hr_ttm.TA_ABSDOCS
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01555: snapshot too old: rollback segment number 1 with name "_SYSSMU1$"
too small
其他也没有更快的方法了,于是当下决定用logmnr挖数据,
由于数据库原来就没有配置utl_file_dir,因此还需要重启数据库使得该参数生效。一路做下来,大致算顺利,不过也遇到了不少小插曲。下面就是恢复的步骤:
一、备份原表
create table hr_ttm.TA_ABSDOCS_20110610_0010 as
SELECT * from hr_ttm.TA_ABSDOCS;
create table hr_ttm.TA_ABSDOC_20110610_0010 as
SELECT * from hr_ttm.TA_ABSDOC;
二,根据客户要求,建立新用户,将恢复的数据导入到这2个表中:
create user hr_ttm2 identified by hr_ttm2 default tablespace MSG_DATA;
grant connect,resource,dba to hr_ttm2;
三、把原表数据备份到新用户下,用于做回滚
create table hr_ttm2.TA_ABSDOCS as
SELECT * from hr_ttm.TA_ABSDOCS
create table hr_ttm2.TA_ABSDOC as
SELECT * from hr_ttm.TA_ABSDOC
四、修改参数,用于挖日志,重启数据库
alter system set utl_file_dir='/prodlog/logmnr' scope=spfile;
五、生成数据字典
exec dbms_logmnr_d.build('dictionary.ora','/prodlog/logmnr');
做这一步之前注意需要修改LD_LIBRARY_PATH和LIBPATH,使得lib的变量在lib32前面。不然会有报错ORA-00600: internal error code, arguments: [unable to load XDB library], [], [], [], [], [], [], []
六、检查需要回滚的日志,客户要求回滚到6月9日15:30之前:
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868352 Jun 09 14:53 ARC0000025854_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 15:08 ARC0000025855_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 15:17 ARC0000025856_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48910848 Jun 09 15:42 ARC0000025857_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 16:04 ARC0000025858_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 17:22 ARC0000025859_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 17:27 ARC0000025860_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 17:47 ARC0000025861_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 20:52 ARC0000025862_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 21:17 ARC0000025863_0666465023.0001
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 256 Jun 09 23:02 logmnr
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48863744 Jun 09 23:07 ARC0000025864_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 23:28 ARC0000025865_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 23:29 ARC0000025866_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 23:29 ARC0000025867_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 23:29 ARC0000025868_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 23:29 ARC0000025869_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 23:30 ARC0000025870_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 23:30 ARC0000025871_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 23:30 ARC0000025872_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 23:31 ARC0000025873_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 23:31 ARC0000025874_0666465023.0001
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 48868864 Jun 09 23:31 ARC0000025875_0666465023.0001
七、添加归档日志
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025854_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.new);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025855_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025856_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025857_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025858_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025859_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025860_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025861_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025862_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025863_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025864_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025865_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025866_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025867_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025868_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025869_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025870_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025871_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025872_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025873_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025874_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
exec dbms_logmnr.add_logfile(LogFileName=>'/prodlog/logmnr/ARC0000025875_0666465023.0001',Options=>dbms_logmnr.addfile);
八、开始挖日志
exec dbms_logmnr.start_logmnr(dictfilename=>'/prodlog/logmnr/dictionary.ora');
九、将logmnr的数据暂时保存在一个表里面,免得再次查询时候不用再次添加归档日志
create table hjm_logmnr nologging as select * from v$logmnr_contents where 1=2;
insert /*+ append */ into hjm_logmnr select * from v$logmnr_contents;
做这一步之前注意将nls_date_format改成'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss',不然泰文乱码,时间会变成问号。
九、导出脚本,用脚本做回滚,注意SQL_UNDO中的delete语句末尾有rowid,不能直接用,需要用正则表达式替换掉。
spool TA_ABSDOCS_undosql.txt
select regexp_replace(replace(SQL_UNDO,'"HR_TTM"','"HR_TTM2"'),'and ROWID.+;',';')
from hjm_logmnr
WHERE
SEG_NAME = 'TA_ABSDOCS' AND
SEG_OWNER = 'HR_TTM'
order by to_char(TIMESTAMP,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') desc;
spool off
spool TA_ABSDOC_undosql.txt
select regexp_replace(replace(SQL_UNDO,'"HR_TTM"','"HR_TTM2"'),'and ROWID.+;',';')
from hjm_logmnr
WHERE
SEG_NAME = 'TA_ABSDOC' AND
SEG_OWNER = 'HR_TTM'
order by to_char(TIMESTAMP,'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss') desc;
spool off
去掉脚本的头部的语句和末尾返回多少多少行的文字,在hr_ttm2下执行这2个脚本,实现数据回滚。
另外,我们来看一下:
SQL> select to_char(max(TIMESTAMP),'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),to_char(min(TIMESTAMP),'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
from hjm_logmnr
WHERE
SEG_NAME = 'TA_ABSDOC' AND
SEG_OWNER = 'HR_TTM' 2 3 4 5
6 /
TO_CHAR(MAX(TIMESTA TO_CHAR(MIN(TIMESTA
------------------- -------------------
2011-06-09 21:20:26 2011-06-09 15:31:54
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL>
SQL> l
1 select to_char(max(TIMESTAMP),'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'),to_char(min(TIMESTAMP),'yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss')
2 from hjm_logmnr
3 WHERE
4 SEG_NAME = 'TA_ABSDOC' AND
5* SEG_OWNER = 'HR_TTM'
SQL> l4
4* SEG_NAME = 'TA_ABSDOC' AND
SQL> c/TA_ABSDOC/TA_ABSDOCS
4* SEG_NAME = 'TA_ABSDOCS' AND
SQL>
TO_CHAR(MAX(TIMESTA TO_CHAR(MIN(TIMESTA
------------------- -------------------
2011-06-09 21:20:26 2011-06-09 15:37:39
归档日志是从14:53开始,而这2个表的变动,是在15:30之后才有的(min(TIMESTAMP是在15:30之后)。
也就是说从14:53分到15:30之前,这2个表一直是没动过的。因此,可以跟客户说,2个表的数据恢复到15:00的。
抬头一看,东方既白。唉,又熬了个通宵。
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