看物理层
show controllers f0/0
显示结果：一大堆，不好看懂
看链路层
show interface f0/0
显示结果：FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up，如果line protocol is down,可能是网线断了，没接好
看网络层
show ip interface f0/0
结果：FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Internet address is 172.16.20.1/16
Broadcast address is 172.16.255.255
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