Apache Maven 3 Cookbook 第一章笔记

Apache Maven’s objectives are listed as:

1. Making the build process easy
2. Providing a uniform build system
3. Providing quality project information
4. Providing guidelines for best practices in development
5. Allowing transparent migration to new features

一. windows 安装maven

1.安装JDK 地址：you can download it at
2.下载Mave：，并解压，注意path不要包含空格。
3.设置环境变量：M2_HOME:解压目录
4.设置环境变量：MAVEN_OPTS：-Xms256m -Xmx512m -XX:PermSize=128M -XX:MaxNewSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m #项目的module多时防止内存溢出.
5.将mave的命令加入path：;%M2_HOME%bin
二. linux 安装maven
重复windows下的1,2步骤，
3.编辑用户目录下的.bashrc文件加入：
export M2_HOME=/home/srirangan/apache-maven-3.0.2
export MAVEN_OPTS=-Xms256m -Xmx512m -XX:PermSize=128M -XX:MaxNewSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=256m   #项目的module多时防止内存溢出.
export PATH=${PATH}:${M2_HOME}/bin

三. 确认mave是否安装成功。
在commoand line/shell下输入mvn -version如果出现以下内容说明成功（linux下输出有所不同），如果没有检查环境变量的设置：
Apache Maven 3.0.3 (r1075438; 2011-03-01 01:31:09+0800)
Maven home: D:apache-maven-3.0.3-binapache-maven-3.0.3
Java version: 1.6.0_26, vendor: Sun Microsystems Inc.
Java home: D:Javajdk1.6.0_26jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: GBK
OS name: "windows 7", version: "6.1", arch: "amd64", family: "windows"
四. Creating a new project
windowns下为例，在命令行输入：mvn archetype:generate

然后回输出一堆信息，提示让你输入个number来选择生成方式，默认251就是建立一个简单的java project，接着会提示让你输入groupId，这简单提一下，mave里的project是靠坐标（"project co-ordinates" such as groupId,artifactId, version, and package）来标识其唯一性的，我的输入如下：
Choose a number or apply filter (format: [groupId:]artifactId, case sensitive contains): 251:
Choose org.apache.maven.archetypes:maven-archetype-quickstart version:
1: 1.0-alpha-1
2: 1.0-alpha-2
3: 1.0-alpha-3
4: 1.0-alpha-4
5: 1.0
6: 1.1
Choose a number: 6:
Define value for property 'groupId': : org.guarx.mvn
Define value for property 'artifactId': : guarx-mvn
Define value for property 'version':  1.0-SNAPSHOT: :
Define value for property 'package':  org.guarx.mvn: :

然后 Y
看到成功的提示，说明项目创建成功，可以看到目录结构guarx-mvn下就一个src和pom.xml,以后的配置都在pom.xml里。

五.Compiling and testing a project
在command line下执行
mvn compile(编译)，
编译完会在src目录下生成一个target文件夹，里面放了compile完后的一些文件包括class
mvn test(测试，Maven to run the tests present in the .../src/test folder),测试的主要结果会输出如下：
-------------------------------------------------------
T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running org.guarx.mvn.AppTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.098 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0
六. POM
每个mave的project都包含个pom.xml(Project Object Model),pom文件的结构如下：

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项目坐标（Project coordinates),pom 文件用groupId，artifactId，version来确定project coordinates.a
对于pom文件结构包含4个主要部分，下面是说明：
The basics: This section contains project co-ordinates, dependency management, andinheritance details. Additionally, it also contains modules and project level properties.
Build settings: This section contains the build details.
Project metadata: This section contains project-specific details such as name,organization, developers, URL, inception year, and so on.
Environment: This section contains all information regarding the environmentincluding details of the version control being, issue management, continuousintegration, mailing lists, repositories, and so on.



七. Build Lifecycle
在每个maven的项目构建生命周期在构建，测试，发布过程够被明确定义。
在每个过程中里包含有: default, clean, and site，三个生命周期。

Default Lifecycle;
Validate: validates that all project information is available and is correct
Compile: compiles the source code
Test: runs unit tests within a suitable framework
Package: packages the compiled code in its distribution format
Integration-test: processes the package in the integration-test environment
Verify: runs checks to verify that the package is valid
Install: installs the package in the local repository
Deploy: installs the final package in a remote repository

Clean lifecycle:
Pre-clean: executes processes required before project cleaning
Clean: removes all files generated by previous builds
Post-clean: executes processes required to finalize project cleaning

Site lifecycle:
Pre-site: executes processes required before generation of the site
Site: generates the project’s site documentation
Post-site: executes processes required to finalize the site generation and prepares the site for deployment
Site-deploy: deploys the site documentation to the specified web server

八 Build profiles

构建是的配置，
使用配置：mvn install -P profile-1,profile-2
不使用配置：mvn install -P !profile-1,!profile-2
在系统用户目录下有个.m2文件夹，这有个settings.xml是对mvn构建动作的全局配置，这就定义了一个默认的profile，也可以在项目的pom.xml里定义profile构建的时候并制定profile，这样默认的profile会被覆盖掉.
第一章的内容到此结束.