Spring Web MVC核心架构图
一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序
1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。
2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置
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<!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
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<servlet>
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<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
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<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
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<init-param>
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<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
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<param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
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</init-param>
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<!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
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</servlet>
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<servlet-mapping>
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<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
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<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
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</servlet-mapping>
3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件
4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。
5.建立包及Controller,如下所示
6.编写Controller代码
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@Controller
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@RequestMapping("/mvc")
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public class mvcController {
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@RequestMapping("/hello")
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public String hello(){
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return "hello";
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}
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}
7.启动服务器,键入 项目名/mvc/hello
二、配置解析
1.Dispatcherservlet
DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。
2.InternalResourceViewResolver
视图名称解析器
3.以上出现的注解
@Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
三、SpringMVC常用注解
@Controller
负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中
@RequestMapping
注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求
@RequestBody
该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上
@ResponseBody
该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区
@ModelAttribute
在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法
在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中
@RequestParam
在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法
@PathVariable
绑定 URL 占位符到入参
@ExceptionHandler
注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法
@ControllerAdvice
使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常
四、自动匹配参数
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//match automatically
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@RequestMapping("/person")
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public String toPerson(String name,double age){
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System.out.println(name+" "+age);
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return "hello";
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}
五、自动装箱
1.编写一个Person实体类
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package test.SpringMVC.model;
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public class Person {
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public String getName() {
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return name;
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}
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public void setName(String name) {
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this.name = name;
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}
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public int getAge() {
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return age;
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}
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public void setAge(int age) {
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this.age = age;
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}
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private String name;
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private int age;
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}
2.在Controller里编写方法
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@RequestMapping("/person1")
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public String toPerson(Person p){
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System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
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return "hello";
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}
六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数
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//the parameter was converted in initBinder
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@RequestMapping("/date")
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public String date(Date date){
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System.out.println(date);
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return "hello";
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}
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//At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
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@InitBinder
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public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
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binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
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true));
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}
七、向前台传递参数
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//pass the parameters to front-end
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@RequestMapping("/show")
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public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
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Person p =new Person();
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map.put("p", p);
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p.setAge(20);
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p.setName("jayjay");
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return "show";
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}
前台可在Request域中取到"p"
八、使用Ajax调用
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//pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
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@RequestMapping("/getPerson")
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public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
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pw.write("hello,"+name);
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}
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@RequestMapping("/name")
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public String sayHello(){
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return "name";
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}
前台用下面的Jquery代码调用
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$(function(){
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$("#btn").click(function(){
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$.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
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alert(data);
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});
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});
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});
九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求
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//redirect
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@RequestMapping("/redirect")
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public String redirect(){
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return "redirect:hello";
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}
十、文件上传
1.需要导入两个jar包
2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入
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<!-- upload settings -->
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<bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
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<property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
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</bean>
3.方法代码
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@RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
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public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
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MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
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MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
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String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
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SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
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FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
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"upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
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fos.write(file.getBytes());
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fos.flush();
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fos.close();
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return "hello";
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}
4.前台form表单
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<form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
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<input type="file" name="file"><br>
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<input type="submit" value="submit">
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</form>
十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name
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@Controller
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@RequestMapping("/test")
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public class mvcController1 {
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@RequestMapping(value="/param")
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public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
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@RequestParam(value="name")String name){
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System.out.println(id+" "+name);
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return "/hello";
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}
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}
十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC
1.RestController
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@Controller
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@RequestMapping("/rest")
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public class RestController {
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@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
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public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
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System.out.println("get"+id);
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return "/hello";
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}
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@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
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public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
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System.out.println("post"+id);
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return "/hello";
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}
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@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
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public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
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System.out.println("put"+id);
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return "/hello";
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}
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@RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
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public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
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System.out.println("delete"+id);
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return "/hello";
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}
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}
2.form表单发送put和delete请求
在web.xml中配置
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<!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
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<filter>
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<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
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<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
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</filter>
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<filter-mapping>
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<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
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<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
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</filter-mapping>
在前台可以用以下代码产生请求
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<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
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<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
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<input type="submit" value="put">
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</form>
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<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
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<input type="submit" value="post">
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</form>
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<form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
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<input type="submit" value="get">
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</form>
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<form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
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<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
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<input type="submit" value="delete">
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</form>
十三、返回json格式的字符串
1.导入以下jar包
2.方法代码
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@Controller
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@RequestMapping("/json")
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public class jsonController {
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@ResponseBody
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@RequestMapping("/user")
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public User get(){
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User u = new User();
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u.setId(1);
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u.setName("jayjay");
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u.setBirth(new Date());
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return u;
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}
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}
十四、异常的处理
1.处理局部异常(Controller内)
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@ExceptionHandler
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public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
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ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
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mv.addObject("exception", ex);
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System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
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return mv;
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}
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@RequestMapping("/error")
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public String error(){
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int i = 5/0;
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return "hello";
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}
2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)
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@ControllerAdvice
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public class testControllerAdvice {
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@ExceptionHandler
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public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
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ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
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mv.addObject("exception", ex);
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System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
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return mv;
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}
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}
3.另一种处理全局异常的方法
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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<!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
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<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
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<property name="exceptionMappings">
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<props>
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<prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
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</props>
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</property>
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</bean>
十五、设置一个自定义拦截器
1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口
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public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
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@Override
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public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
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HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
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throws Exception {
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System.out.println("afterCompletion");
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}
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@Override
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public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
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Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
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System.out.println("postHandle");
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}
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@Override
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public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
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Object arg2) throws Exception {
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System.out.println("preHandle");
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return true;
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}
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}
2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置
3.拦截器执行顺序
十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化
1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包
(未选中不用导入)
2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解
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public class User {
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public int getId() {
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return id;
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}
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public void setId(int id) {
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this.id = id;
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}
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public String getName() {
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return name;
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}
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public void setName(String name) {
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this.name = name;
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}
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public Date getBirth() {
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return birth;
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}
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public void setBirth(Date birth) {
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this.birth = birth;
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}
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@Override
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public String toString() {
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return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
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}
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private int id;
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@NotEmpty
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private String name;
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@Past
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@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
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private Date birth;
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}
ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值
3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单
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<form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
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id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
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name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
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birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
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<input type="submit" value="submit">
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</form:form>
ps:path对应name
4.Controller中代码
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@Controller
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@RequestMapping("/form")
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public class formController {
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@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
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public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
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if(br.getErrorCount()>0){
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return "addUser";
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}
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return "showUser";
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}
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@RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
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public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
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map.put("user",new User());
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return "addUser";
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}
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}
ps:
1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".
2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数
3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显
5.错误信息自定义
在src目录下添加locale.properties
NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong
在SpringMVC配置文件中配置
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<!-- configure the locale resource -->
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<bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
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<property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
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</bean>
6.国际化显示
在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties
username=账号
password=密码
locale.properties中添加
username=user name
password=password
创建一个locale.jsp
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<body>
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<fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
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<fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
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</body>
在SpringMVC中配置
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<!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
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<mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>
让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问
最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了
十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC
1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类
2.User实体类
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public class User {
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public int getId() {
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return id;
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}
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public void setId(int id) {
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this.id = id;
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}
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public String getName() {
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return name;
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}
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public void setName(String name) {
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this.name = name;
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}
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public Date getBirth() {
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return birth;
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}
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public void setBirth(Date birth) {
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this.birth = birth;
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}
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@Override
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public String toString() {
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return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
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}
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private int id;
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@NotEmpty
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private String name;
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@Past
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@DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
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private Date birth;
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}
3.UserService类
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@Component
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public class UserService {
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public UserService(){
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System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
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}
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public void save(){
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System.out.println("save");
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}
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}
4.UserController
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@Controller
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@RequestMapping("/integrate")
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public class UserController {
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@Autowired
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private UserService userService;
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@RequestMapping("/user")
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public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
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System.out.println(u);
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userService.save();
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return "hello";
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}
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}
5.Spring配置文件
在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml
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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<beans xmlns=""
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xmlns:xsi=""
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xsi:schemaLocation="
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/spring-beans.xsd
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/spring-util-4.0.xsd
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/spring-context.xsd
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"
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xmlns:util=""
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xmlns:p=""
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xmlns:context=""
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>
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<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
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<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
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expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
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<context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
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expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
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</context:component-scan>
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</beans>
在Web.xml中添加配置
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<!-- configure the springIOC -->
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<listener>
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<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
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</listener>
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<context-param>
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<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
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<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
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</context-param>
6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合
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<!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
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<context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
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<context:include-filter type="annotation"
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expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
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<context:include-filter type="annotation"
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expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
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</context:component-scan>
十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图
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