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分类: Java

2016-04-14 14:50:49

Spring Web MVC核心架构图


一、SpringMVC基础入门,创建一个HelloWorld程序

  1.首先,导入SpringMVC需要的jar包。

  2.添加Web.xml配置文件中关于SpringMVC的配置

  1. <!--configure the setting of springmvcDispatcherServlet and configure the mapping-->
  2. <servlet>
  3.     <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  4.     <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
  5.     <init-param>
  6.           <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  7.           <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
  8.       </init-param>
  9.       <!-- <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> -->
  10. </servlet>
  11.  
  12. <servlet-mapping>
  13.     <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
  14.     <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  15. </servlet-mapping>

  3.在src下添加springmvc-servlet.xml配置文件

  4.在WEB-INF文件夹下创建名为jsp的文件夹,用来存放jsp视图。创建一个hello.jsp,在body中添加“Hello World”。

  5.建立包及Controller,如下所示

  6.编写Controller代码

  1. @Controller
  2. @RequestMapping("/mvc")
  3. public class mvcController {
  4.  
  5.     @RequestMapping("/hello")
  6.     public String hello(){
  7.         return "hello";
  8.     }
  9. }

  7.启动服务器,键入 项目名/mvc/hello

 二、配置解析

  1.Dispatcherservlet

  DispatcherServlet是前置控制器,配置在web.xml文件中的。拦截匹配的请求,Servlet拦截匹配规则要自已定义,把拦截下来的请求,依据相应的规则分发到目标Controller来处理,是配置spring MVC的第一步。

  2.InternalResourceViewResolver

  视图名称解析器

  3.以上出现的注解

  @Controller 负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @RequestMapping 注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

 三、SpringMVC常用注解

  @Controller

  负责注册一个bean 到spring 上下文中

  @RequestMapping

  注解为控制器指定可以处理哪些 URL 请求

  @RequestBody

  该注解用于读取Request请求的body部分数据,使用系统默认配置的HttpMessageConverter进行解析,然后把相应的数据绑定到要返回的对象上 ,再把HttpMessageConverter返回的对象数据绑定到 controller中方法的参数上

  @ResponseBody

  该注解用于将Controller的方法返回的对象,通过适当的HttpMessageConverter转换为指定格式后,写入到Response对象的body数据区

  @ModelAttribute    

  在方法定义上使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:Spring MVC 在调用目标处理方法前,会先逐个调用在方法级上标注了@ModelAttribute 的方法

  在方法的入参前使用 @ModelAttribute 注解:可以从隐含对象中获取隐含的模型数据中获取对象,再将请求参数 –绑定到对象中,再传入入参将方法入参对象添加到模型中 

  @RequestParam 

  在处理方法入参处使用 @RequestParam 可以把请求参 数传递给请求方法

  @PathVariable

  绑定 URL 占位符到入参

  @ExceptionHandler

  注解到方法上,出现异常时会执行该方法

  @ControllerAdvice

  使一个Contoller成为全局的异常处理类,类中用@ExceptionHandler方法注解的方法可以处理所有Controller发生的异常

 四、自动匹配参数

  1. //match automatically
  2. @RequestMapping("/person")
  3. public String toPerson(String name,double age){
  4.     System.out.println(name+" "+age);
  5.     return "hello";
  6. }

 五、自动装箱

  1.编写一个Person实体类

  1. package test.SpringMVC.model;
  2.  
  3. public class Person {
  4.     public String getName() {
  5.         return name;
  6.     }
  7.     public void setName(String name) {
  8.         this.name = name;
  9.     }
  10.     public int getAge() {
  11.         return age;
  12.     }
  13.     public void setAge(int age) {
  14.         this.age = age;
  15.     }
  16.     private String name;
  17.     private int age;
  18.      
  19. }

  2.在Controller里编写方法

  1. @RequestMapping("/person1")
  2. public String toPerson(Person p){
  3.     System.out.println(p.getName()+" "+p.getAge());
  4.     return "hello";
  5. }

 六、使用InitBinder来处理Date类型的参数


  1. //the parameter was converted in initBinder
  2. @RequestMapping("/date")
  3. public String date(Date date){
  4.     System.out.println(date);
  5.     return "hello";
  6. }
  7.     
  8. //At the time of initialization,convert the type "String" to type "date"
  9. @InitBinder
  10. public void initBinder(ServletRequestDataBinder binder){
  11.     binder.registerCustomEditor(Date.class, new CustomDateEditor(new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd"),
  12.             true));
  13. }

 七、向前台传递参数

  1. //pass the parameters to front-end
  2. @RequestMapping("/show")
  3. public String showPerson(Map<String,Object> map){
  4.     Person p =new Person();
  5.     map.put("p", p);
  6.     p.setAge(20);
  7.     p.setName("jayjay");
  8.     return "show";
  9. }

  前台可在Request域中取到"p"

 八、使用Ajax调用

  1. //pass the parameters to front-end using ajax
  2. @RequestMapping("/getPerson")
  3. public void getPerson(String name,PrintWriter pw){
  4.     pw.write("hello,"+name);
  5. }
  6. @RequestMapping("/name")
  7. public String sayHello(){
  8.     return "name";
  9. }

  前台用下面的Jquery代码调用

  1. $(function(){
  2.     $("#btn").click(function(){
  3.        $.post("mvc/getPerson",{name:$("#name").val()},function(data){
  4.             alert(data);
  5.         });
  6.     });
  7. });

 九、在Controller中使用redirect方式处理请求

  1. //redirect
  2. @RequestMapping("/redirect")
  3. public String redirect(){
  4.     return "redirect:hello";
  5. }




 十、文件上传

  1.需要导入两个jar包

  2.在SpringMVC配置文件中加入

  1. <!-- upload settings -->
  2. <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver">
  3.     <property name="maxUploadSize" value="102400000"></property>
  4. </bean>

  3.方法代码

  1. @RequestMapping(value="/upload",method=RequestMethod.POST)
  2. public String upload(HttpServletRequest req) throws Exception{
  3.     MultipartHttpServletRequest mreq = (MultipartHttpServletRequest)req;
  4.     MultipartFile file = mreq.getFile("file");
  5.     String fileName = file.getOriginalFilename();
  6.     SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmss");
  7.     FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(req.getSession().getServletContext().getRealPath("/")+
  8.             "upload/"+sdf.format(new Date())+fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf('.')));
  9.     fos.write(file.getBytes());
  10.     fos.flush();
  11.     fos.close();
  12.      
  13.     return "hello";
  14. }

  4.前台form表单

  1. <form action="mvc/upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  2.     <input type="file" name="file"><br>
  3.     <input type="submit" value="submit">
  4. </form>

 十一、使用@RequestParam注解指定参数的name

  1. @Controller
  2. @RequestMapping("/test")
  3. public class mvcController1 {
  4.     @RequestMapping(value="/param")
  5.     public String testRequestParam(@RequestParam(value="id") Integer id,
  6.             @RequestParam(value="name")String name){
  7.         System.out.println(id+" "+name);
  8.         return "/hello";
  9.     }
  10. }

 十二、RESTFul风格的SringMVC

  1.RestController

  1. @Controller
  2. @RequestMapping("/rest")
  3. public class RestController {
  4.     @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.GET)
  5.     public String get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
  6.         System.out.println("get"+id);
  7.         return "/hello";
  8.     }
  9.      
  10.     @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.POST)
  11.     public String post(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
  12.         System.out.println("post"+id);
  13.         return "/hello";
  14.     }
  15.      
  16.     @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.PUT)
  17.     public String put(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
  18.         System.out.println("put"+id);
  19.         return "/hello";
  20.     }
  21.      
  22.     @RequestMapping(value="/user/{id}",method=RequestMethod.DELETE)
  23.     public String delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id){
  24.         System.out.println("delete"+id);
  25.         return "/hello";
  26.     }
  27.      
  28. }

  2.form表单发送put和delete请求

  在web.xml中配置

  1. <!-- configure the HiddenHttpMethodFilter,convert the post method to put or delete -->
  2. <filter>
  3.     <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
  4.     <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-class>
  5. </filter>
  6. <filter-mapping>
  7.     <filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
  8.     <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  9. </filter-mapping>

  在前台可以用以下代码产生请求

  1. <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
  2.     <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
  3.     <input type="submit" value="put">
  4. </form>
  5.  
  6. <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
  7.     <input type="submit" value="post">
  8. </form>
  9.  
  10. <form action="rest/user/1" method="get">
  11.     <input type="submit" value="get">
  12. </form>
  13.  
  14. <form action="rest/user/1" method="post">
  15.     <input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
  16.     <input type="submit" value="delete">
  17. </form>

 十三、返回json格式的字符串

  1.导入以下jar包

  2.方法代码

  1. @Controller
  2. @RequestMapping("/json")
  3. public class jsonController {
  4.      
  5.     @ResponseBody
  6.     @RequestMapping("/user")
  7.     public User get(){
  8.         User u = new User();
  9.         u.setId(1);
  10.         u.setName("jayjay");
  11.         u.setBirth(new Date());
  12.         return u;
  13.     }
  14. }

 十四、异常的处理

  1.处理局部异常(Controller内)

  1. @ExceptionHandler
  2. public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
  3.     ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
  4.     mv.addObject("exception", ex);
  5.     System.out.println("in testExceptionHandler");
  6.     return mv;
  7. }
  8.     
  9. @RequestMapping("/error")
  10. public String error(){
  11.     int i = 5/0;
  12.     return "hello";
  13. }
 2.处理全局异常(所有Controller)
  1. @ControllerAdvice
  2. public class testControllerAdvice {
  3.     @ExceptionHandler
  4.     public ModelAndView exceptionHandler(Exception ex){
  5.         ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView("error");
  6.         mv.addObject("exception", ex);
  7.         System.out.println("in testControllerAdvice");
  8.         return mv;
  9.     }
  10. }

  3.另一种处理全局异常的方法

  在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

  1. <!-- configure SimpleMappingExceptionResolver -->
  2. <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleMappingExceptionResolver">
  3.     <property name="exceptionMappings">
  4.         <props>
  5.             <prop key="java.lang.ArithmeticException">error</prop>
  6.         </props>
  7.     </property>
  8. </bean>

 十五、设置一个自定义拦截器

  1.创建一个MyInterceptor类,并实现HandlerInterceptor接口

  1. public class MyInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor {
  2.  
  3.     @Override
  4.     public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest arg0,
  5.             HttpServletResponse arg1, Object arg2, Exception arg3)
  6.             throws Exception {
  7.         System.out.println("afterCompletion");
  8.     }
  9.  
  10.     @Override
  11.     public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
  12.             Object arg2, ModelAndView arg3) throws Exception {
  13.         System.out.println("postHandle");
  14.     }
  15.  
  16.     @Override
  17.     public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,
  18.             Object arg2) throws Exception {
  19.         System.out.println("preHandle");
  20.         return true;
  21.     }
  22.  
  23. }
  2.在SpringMVC的配置文件中配置

  3.拦截器执行顺序

 十六、表单的验证(使用Hibernate-validate)及国际化

  1.导入Hibernate-validate需要的jar包

(未选中不用导入)

  2.编写实体类User并加上验证注解

  1. public class User {
  2.     public int getId() {
  3.         return id;
  4.     }
  5.     public void setId(int id) {
  6.         this.id = id;
  7.     }
  8.     public String getName() {
  9.         return name;
  10.     }
  11.     public void setName(String name) {
  12.         this.name = name;
  13.     }
  14.     public Date getBirth() {
  15.         return birth;
  16.     }
  17.     public void setBirth(Date birth) {
  18.         this.birth = birth;
  19.     }
  20.     @Override
  21.     public String toString() {
  22.         return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
  23.     }
  24.     private int id;
  25.     @NotEmpty
  26.     private String name;
  27.  
  28.     @Past
  29.     @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
  30.     private Date birth;
  31. }

  ps:@Past表示时间必须是一个过去值

  3.在jsp中使用SpringMVC的form表单

  1. <form:form action="form/add" method="post" modelAttribute="user">
  2.     id:<form:input path="id"/><form:errors path="id"/><br>
  3.     name:<form:input path="name"/><form:errors path="name"/><br>
  4.     birth:<form:input path="birth"/><form:errors path="birth"/>
  5.     <input type="submit" value="submit">
  6. </form:form>

  ps:path对应name

  4.Controller中代码

  1. @Controller
  2. @RequestMapping("/form")
  3. public class formController {
  4.     @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.POST)
  5.     public String add(@Valid User u,BindingResult br){
  6.         if(br.getErrorCount()>0){
  7.             return "addUser";
  8.         }
  9.         return "showUser";
  10.     }
  11.      
  12.     @RequestMapping(value="/add",method=RequestMethod.GET)
  13.     public String add(Map<String,Object> map){
  14.         map.put("user",new User());
  15.         return "addUser";
  16.     }
  17. }

  ps:

  1.因为jsp中使用了modelAttribute属性,所以必须在request域中有一个"user".

  2.@Valid 表示按照在实体上标记的注解验证参数

  3.返回到原页面错误信息回回显,表单也会回显

  5.错误信息自定义

  在src目录下添加locale.properties

NotEmpty.user.name=name can't not be empty
Past.user.birth=birth should be a past value
DateTimeFormat.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.birth=the format of input is wrong
typeMismatch.user.id=the format of input is wrong

  在SpringMVC配置文件中配置

  1. <!-- configure the locale resource -->
  2. <bean id="messageSource" class="org.springframework.context.support.ResourceBundleMessageSource">
  3.     <property name="basename" value="locale"></property>
  4. </bean>

  6.国际化显示

  在src下添加locale_zh_CN.properties

username=账号
password=密码

  locale.properties中添加

username=user name
password=password

  创建一个locale.jsp

  1. <body>
  2.   <fmt:message key="username"></fmt:message>
  3.   <fmt:message key="password"></fmt:message>
  4. </body>

  在SpringMVC中配置

  1. <!-- make the jsp page can be visited -->
  2. <mvc:view-controller path="/locale" view-name="locale"/>

  让locale.jsp在WEB-INF下也能直接访问

  最后,访问locale.jsp,切换浏览器语言,能看到账号和密码的语言也切换了

 十七、压轴大戏--整合SpringIOC和SpringMVC

  1.创建一个test.SpringMVC.integrate的包用来演示整合,并创建各类

  2.User实体类

  1. public class User {
  2.     public int getId() {
  3.         return id;
  4.     }
  5.     public void setId(int id) {
  6.         this.id = id;
  7.     }
  8.     public String getName() {
  9.         return name;
  10.     }
  11.     public void setName(String name) {
  12.         this.name = name;
  13.     }
  14.     public Date getBirth() {
  15.         return birth;
  16.     }
  17.     public void setBirth(Date birth) {
  18.         this.birth = birth;
  19.     }
  20.     @Override
  21.     public String toString() {
  22.         return "User [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birth=" + birth + "]";
  23.     }
  24.     private int id;
  25.     @NotEmpty
  26.     private String name;
  27.  
  28.     @Past
  29.     @DateTimeFormat(pattern="yyyy-MM-dd")
  30.     private Date birth;
  31. }

  3.UserService类

  1. @Component
  2. public class UserService {
  3.     public UserService(){
  4.         System.out.println("UserService Constructor...\n\n\n\n\n\n");
  5.     }
  6.      
  7.     public void save(){
  8.         System.out.println("save");
  9.     }
  10. }

 4.UserController

  1. @Controller
  2. @RequestMapping("/integrate")
  3. public class UserController {
  4.     @Autowired
  5.     private UserService userService;
  6.      
  7.     @RequestMapping("/user")
  8.     public String saveUser(@RequestBody @ModelAttribute User u){
  9.         System.out.println(u);
  10.         userService.save();
  11.         return "hello";
  12.     }
  13. }

  5.Spring配置文件

  在src目录下创建SpringIOC的配置文件applicationContext.xml

  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  2. <beans xmlns=""
  3.     xmlns:xsi=""
  4.     xsi:schemaLocation="
  5.         /spring-beans.xsd
  6.         
  7.         /spring-util-4.0.xsd
  8.         
  9.         /spring-context.xsd
  10.         "
  11.         xmlns:util=""
  12.         xmlns:p=""
  13.         xmlns:context=""
  14.         >
  15.     <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
  16.         <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
  17.             expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
  18.         <context:exclude-filter type="annotation"
  19.             expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
  20.     </context:component-scan>
  21.      
  22. </beans>

  在Web.xml中添加配置

  1. <!-- configure the springIOC -->
  2. <listener>
  3.     <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  4. </listener>
  5. <context-param>
  6.   <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
  7.   <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  8. </context-param>

  6.在SpringMVC中进行一些配置,防止SpringMVC和SpringIOC对同一个对象的管理重合

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. <!-- scan the package and the sub package -->
  2.     <context:component-scan base-package="test.SpringMVC.integrate">
  3.         <context:include-filter type="annotation"
  4.             expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
  5.         <context:include-filter type="annotation"
  6.             expression="org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice"/>
  7.     </context:component-scan>

 十八、SpringMVC详细运行流程图


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