2. 确定 machine type
arch/arm/kernel/head.S中:
00079: bl __lookup_machine_type @ r5=machinfo
00080: movs r8, r5 @ invalid machine (r5=0)?
00081: beq __error_a @ yes, error 'a'
79行: 跳转到__lookup_machine_type函数,在__lookup_machine_type中,会把struct machine_desc的基地址(machine type)存储在r5中
80,81行: 将r5中的 machine_desc的基地址存储到r8中,并判断r5是否是0,如果是0,说明是无效的machine type,跳转到__error_a(出错)
__lookup_machine_type 函数
下面我们分析__lookup_machine_type 函数:
arch/arm/kernel/head-common.S中:
00176: .long __proc_info_begin
00177: .long __proc_info_end
00178: 3: .long .
00179: .long __arch_info_begin
00180: .long __arch_info_end
00181:
00182: /*
00183: * Lookup machine architecture in the linker-build list of architectures.
00184: * Note that we can't use the absolute addresses for the __arch_info
00185: * lists since we aren't running with the MMU on (and therefore, we are
00186: * not in the correct address space). We have to calculate the offset.
00187: *
00188: * r1 = machine architecture number
00189: * Returns:
00190: * r3, r4, r6 corrupted
00191: * r5 = mach_info pointer in physical address space
00192: */
00193: .type __lookup_machine_type, %function
00194: __lookup_machine_type:
00195: adr r3, 3b
00196: ldmia r3, {r4, r5, r6}
00197: sub r3, r3, r4 @ get offset between virt&phys
00198: add r5, r5, r3 @ convert virt addresses to
00199: add r6, r6, r3 @ physical address space
00200: 1: ldr r3, [r5, #MACHINFO_TYPE] @ get machine type
00201: teq r3, r1 @ matches loader number?
00202: beq 2f @ found
00203: add r5, r5, #SIZEOF_MACHINE_DESC @ next machine_desc
00204: cmp r5, r6
00205: blo 1b
00206: mov r5, #0 @ unknown machine
00207: 2: mov pc, lr
193, 194行: 函数声明
195行: 取地址指令,这里的3b是向后symbol名称是3的位置,即第178行,将该地址存入r3.
和上面我们对__lookup_processor_type 函数的分析相同,r3中存放的是3b处物理地址.
196行: r3是3b处的地址,因而执行完后:
r4存的是 3b处的地址
r5存的是__arch_info_begin 的地址
r6存的是__arch_info_end 的地址
__arch_info_begin 和 __arch_info_end是在 arch/arm/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S中:
00034: __arch_info_begin = .;
00035: *(.arch.info.init)
00036: __arch_info_end = .;
这里是声明了两个变量:__arch_info_begin 和 __arch_info_end,其中等号后面的"."是location counter(详细内容请参考ld.info)
这三行的意思是: __arch_info_begin 的位置上,放置所有文件中的 ".arch.info.init" 段的内容,然后紧接着是 __arch_info_end 的位置.
kernel 使用struct machine_desc 来描述 machine type.
在 include/asm-arm/mach/arch.h 中:
00017: struct machine_desc {
00018: /*
00019: * Note! The first four elements are used
00020: * by assembler code in head-armv.S
00021: */
00022: unsigned int nr; /* architecture number */
00023: unsigned int phys_io; /* start of physical io */
00024: unsigned int io_pg_offst; /* byte offset for io
00025: * page tabe entry */
00026:
00027: const char *name; /* architecture name */
00028: unsigned long boot_params; /* tagged list */
00029:
00030: unsigned int video_start; /* start of video RAM */
00031: unsigned int video_end; /* end of video RAM */
00032:
00033: unsigned int reserve_lp0 :1; /* never has lp0 */
00034: unsigned int reserve_lp1 :1; /* never has lp1 */
00035: unsigned int reserve_lp2 :1; /* never has lp2 */
00036: unsigned int soft_reboot :1; /* soft reboot */
00037: void (*fixup)(struct machine_desc *,
00038: struct tag *, char **,
00039: struct meminfo *);
00040: void (*map_io)(void);/* IO mapping function */
00041: void (*init_irq)(void);
00042: struct sys_timer *timer; /* system tick timer */
00043: void (*init_machine)(void);
00044: };
00045:
00046: /*
00047: * Set of macros to define architecture features. This is built into
00048: * a table by the linker.
00049: */
00050: #define MACHINE_START(_type,_name) \
00051: static const struct machine_desc __mach_desc_##_type \
00052: __attribute_used__ \
00053: __attribute__((__section__(".arch.info.init"
)) = { \
00054: .nr = MACH_TYPE_##_type, \
00055: .name = _name,
00056:
00057: #define MACHINE_END \
00058: };
内核中,一般使用宏MACHINE_START来定义machine type.
对于at91, 在 arch/arm/mach-at91rm9200/board-ek.c 中:
00137: MACHINE_START(AT91RM9200EK, "Atmel AT91RM9200-EK"
00138: /* Maintainer: SAN People/Atmel */
00139: .phys_io = AT91_BASE_SYS,
00140: .io_pg_offst = (AT91_VA_BASE_SYS >> 1
& 0xfffc,
00141: .boot_params = AT91_SDRAM_BASE + 0x100,
00142: .timer = &at91rm9200_timer,
00143: .map_io = ek_map_io,
00144: .init_irq = ek_init_irq,
00145: .init_machine = ek_board_init,
00146: MACHINE_END
197行: r3中存储的是3b处的物理地址,而r4中存储的是3b处的虚拟地址,这里计算处物理地址和虚拟地址的差值,保存到r3中
198行: 将r5存储的虚拟地址(__arch_info_begin)转换成物理地址
199行: 将r6存储的虚拟地址(__arch_info_end)转换成物理地址
200行: MACHINFO_TYPE 在 arch/arm/kernel/asm-offset.c 101行定义, 这里是取 struct machine_desc中的nr(architecture number) 到r3中
201行: 将r3中取到的machine type 和 r1中的 machine type(见前面的"启动条件"
进行比较
202行: 如果相同,说明找到了对应的machine type,跳转到207行的2f处,此时r5中存储了对应的struct machine_desc的基地址
203行: (不相同), 取下一个machine_desc的地址
204行: 和r6进行比较,检查是否到了__arch_info_end.
205行: 如果不相同,说明还有machine_desc,返回200行继续查找.
206行: 执行到这里,说明所有的machind_desc都查找完了,并且没有找到匹配的, 将r5设置成0(unknown machine).
207行: 返回
