英语介词用法

1.介词是虚词, 不能单独做句子成分, 必须与名词, 介词是虚词, 不能单独做句子成分, 必须与名词, 介词是虚词 代词( 或相当于名词的其他词类,短语, 代词( 或相当于名词的其他词类,短语,或从句 ) 构成介词短语,在句子中充当一个成分. 构成介词短语,在句子中充当一个成分. 介词分为: 简单介词 at , in , on ,for , to 介词分为: 简单介词: 合成介词: 合成介词 within , inside , onto, , throughout . 短语介词: 短语介词 according to , out of , because of, by means of, , , in spite of , instead of 双重介词 : from behind /above / under , until after 分词介词 :considering , including , judging from /by 1. It is going to rain this afternoon according to the weather forecast. 2. He quarrelled with her yesterday. 3. He succeeded in passing the final examination . 4. I'm still thinking of how I can fulfill the task ahead of time. 5.The professor will give us a talk on how to study English well. 名词,代词, 从句, 总结 1:介词后常接 名词,代词,动名词 ,从句, : 不定式组成介词短语. This machine is in good condition . Where is the key to my bike ? Nothing in the world could live without air or water . She always thinks herself above others 介词短语在句子中可作表语, 总结 2 : 介词短语在句子中可作表语, 定语 ,状语和 宾补. 宾补. 二. 介词搭配 1. 动词 介词 动词 rob sb of sth ( clear / inform /cheat / remind / accuse / cure . etc) supply us with sth = supply sth to / for sb ( provide / fill ) make sth of / from / into 介词 介词 the 人体部位 (strike / catch / hit/ prevent sb from doing persuade sb into / out of doing sth ( advise/ warn /reason) buy sth for sb ( leave / get / win / gain / lose ) tell sth to sb ( show / teach / sing / write / read) give sth to sb( allow / promise / pass / hand ) say to sb ( suggest / explain / apologize / murmur /whisper) 同一介词与不同动词 ( to / for / at … 同一动词与不同介词的搭配 ( look / agree / hear / call /stand … 2. 形容词 介词 形容词 afraid / angry / anxious / tired / strict / good popular / pleased / known / familiar 1. I'm afraid _____ being late for school because my head teacher is very strict _____ us . 2. Einstein was known ______ his theory of relativity _____ a famous physics scientist ______ the world . 3. He is angry _____ what his e-pal has said for he is tired _____ being laughed at by others . 4. The boy is familiar ______ the fiction because it is very popular ______ teenagers so far . 3. 名词 介词 名词 1. The absence / lack of water is the most serious problem . 2. The girl has a good way _____ studying English . 3. The key _____ success lies in diligence and wisdom . 三 重点介词的用法归纳与辨析 1. 表示世纪,年,月, 季,周 用 in / during , 表示世纪, in the 1990s , in May , in spring ,in the first week of June 2. 在某一天或某天上,下午,晚上 ,前夕 用 on 在某一天或某天上,下午, 3. 在某一时刻, 或某一点时间用 at . 在某一时刻, 4. till , until , to 的用法. 的用法. 1) till / until 与延续动词连用,用于肯定句,与短暂 与延续动词连用,用于肯定句, ) 动词连用用在否定句( 在句首, 不用till 动词连用用在否定句( 在句首,强调句 不用 ). 2) to 表终结常与 表终结常与from 连用 from … to … from time to time from hand to hand from door to door from house to house from one 名词 to another 表 "依次" 名词 依次" 名词 by 同一名词 one by one … 5. in , after , later in 一段时间 . after 一段时间 . after 点时间 . 一段时间 later 一般将来时. 常用 一般将来时. 常用一般过去时. 常用一般过去时. 用各种时态. 用各种时态. 过去时 6 . 地点介词 : at , on , in , to , off across , through over , under below , above to ( 静态 ), towards ( 动态 ),along 7. 表示方式,手段, 工具 的介词 表示方式,手段, by / through ( 表泛指 的方式,手段) 的方式,手段) by (交通工具类) 交通工具类) 交通工具类 by / with / in ( 方式,手段) 方式,手段) 1.The boy likes writing _____ a pen and especially likes writing _____ blue and black ink . 2. He got full mark _____ his own effort, he often contacts with his epals _____ email . 8. 表 " 除… 之外 " 的介词 besides , but = except , except for , except that … 注意: ) 前面有不定代词, 疑问代词时,多用but 注意: 1) 前面有不定代词, 疑问代词时,多用 All but one are here . Nobody but I likes literature . 2) 后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用 ) 后接不定式短语为排除对象时,多用but He has nothing to do but wait . 3) 固定短语 只得做某事) have no choice but to do sth (只得做某事) can not but do sth =cannot help but do sth (不得不) 不得不) 不得不 but for / but that…(要不是) (要不是) 9. between / among (三者以上) 三者以上) 三者以上 1) Mary is sitting _____ Tom and wang Li. ) 2) She was busy _____ cooking , washing , sewing and ) looking after the baby . 3)Shanghai is _____the largest cities in the world . ) 4) A horse can be seen _____ trees now. ) 10 表原因的介词: 表原因的介词: for , because of , due to , owing to , on account of , as a result of 1. He didn't come to the meeting ______ his illness . 2. The reason ______ his being angry is that he lost his cell phone. 3. ______ a heavy snow , the highway has been closed up. 4. The accident is ______ the driver's drinking . 11. 不定式复合结构中的 for , of 1)It is clever ______ you to answer such a difficult answer. ) 2)It is mean ______ her to give me so little pocket money . ) 3)It is quite impossible _____ him to explain why . ) 4) It is hard ______ you to learn a foreign language ) without perseverance . 12 . 兼类词 ( 兼作连词和副词) 兼作连词和副词) after since till / until before .