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2012-07-04 21:44:53

前面已经分析了,将接口添进网桥时,用户空间调用ioctl(br_socket_fd, SIOCBRADDIF, &ifr)

注意到在void br_dev_setup(struct net_device *dev)中已经对dev->do_ioctl进行了赋值,即:

dev->do_ioctl = br_dev_ioctl

进行ioctl进行访问的时候,进入到br_dev_ioctl:                                                                  (net/brige/br_ioctl.c)

int br_dev_ioctl(struct net_device *dev, struct ifreq *rq, int cmd)

{

         struct net_bridge *br = netdev_priv(dev);

         switch(cmd) {

         case SIOCDEVPRIVATE:

                   return old_dev_ioctl(dev, rq, cmd);

         //添加一个接口

         case SIOCBRADDIF:

         //删除一个接口

         case SIOCBRDELIF:

                   return add_del_if(br, rq->ifr_ifindex, cmd == SIOCBRADDIF);

 

         }

 

         pr_debug("Bridge does not support ioctl 0x%x\n", cmd);

         return -EOPNOTSUPP;

}

我们在用户空间使用的标志是SIOCBRADDIF。所以流程进入add_del_if()

static int add_del_if(struct net_bridge *br, int ifindex, int isadd)                   

{

         struct net_device *dev;

         int ret;

         if (!capable(CAP_NET_ADMIN))

                   return -EPERM;

         dev = dev_get_by_index(ifindex);

         if (dev == NULL)

                   return -EINVAL;

         if (isadd)

                   ret = br_add_if(br, dev);

         else

                   ret = br_del_if(br, dev);

         dev_put(dev);

         return ret;

}

因为cmd == SIOCBRADDIF为真,所以调用br_add_if():

int br_add_if(struct net_bridge *br, struct net_device *dev)                           (net/brige/br_if.c))

{

         struct net_bridge_port *p;

         int err = 0;

 

         //回环。或者非以及网接口

         if (dev->flags & IFF_LOOPBACK || dev->type != ARPHRD_ETHER)

                   return -EINVAL;

         //构造数据包函数为网桥类型

         if (dev->hard_start_xmit == br_dev_xmit)

                   return -ELOOP;

         //此接口已经存在于网桥

         if (dev->br_port != NULL)

                   return -EBUSY;

 

         //dev 创建网桥接口.dev->br_port。指向所属网桥端口

         //dev->br_port->br:指向它所属的网桥

         //为该接口创建net_bridge_port

         if (IS_ERR(p = new_nbp(br, dev, br_initial_port_cost(dev))))

                   return PTR_ERR(p);

 

         //更新port->MAC对应表

        if ((err = br_fdb_insert(br, p, dev->dev_addr, 1)))

                   destroy_nbp(p);

 

         else if ((err = br_sysfs_addif(p)))

                   del_nbp(p);

         else {

                   //设置接口为混杂模式

                   dev_set_promiscuity(dev, 1);

                   //p->list更新至br->port_list

                   list_add_rcu(&p->list, &br->port_list);

 

                   spin_lock_bh(&br->lock);

                   br_stp_recalculate_bridge_id(br);

                   if ((br->dev->flags & IFF_UP)

                       && (dev->flags & IFF_UP) && netif_carrier_ok(dev))

                            br_stp_enable_port(p);

                   spin_unlock_bh(&br->lock);

 

                   dev_set_mtu(br->dev, br_min_mtu(br));

         }

 

         return err;

}

为接口创建net_bridge_port的函数为new_nbp。这个函数比较简单:

static struct net_bridge_port *new_nbp(struct net_bridge *br,

                                            struct net_device *dev,

                                            unsigned long cost)

{

         int index;

         struct net_bridge_port *p;

        

         index = find_portno(br);

         if (index < 0)

                   return ERR_PTR(index);

 

         p = kmalloc(sizeof(*p), GFP_KERNEL);

         if (p == NULL)

                   return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

 

         memset(p, 0, sizeof(*p));

         p->br = br;

         dev_hold(dev);

         p->dev = dev;

         p->path_cost = cost;

        p->priority = 0x8000 >> BR_PORT_BITS;

         dev->br_port = p;

         p->port_no = index;

         br_init_port(p);

         p->state = BR_STATE_DISABLED;

         kobject_init(&p->kobj);

 

         return p;

}

之后,把要加入的接口对应的mac与接口作为本机静态项加入到prot—mac对应表。这是在br_fdb_insert()中实现的

int br_fdb_insert(struct net_bridge *br, struct net_bridge_port *source,

                     const unsigned char *addr, int is_local)

{

         int ret;

 

         spin_lock_bh(&br->hash_lock);

         ret = fdb_insert(br, source, addr, is_local);

         spin_unlock_bh(&br->hash_lock);

         return ret;

}

操作存在异步性,在插入之前加锁。具体的插入在fdb_insert中实现

static int fdb_insert(struct net_bridge *br, struct net_bridge_port *source,

                     const unsigned char *addr, int is_local)

{

         struct hlist_node *h;

         struct net_bridge_fdb_entry *fdb;

         int hash = br_mac_hash(addr);

 

         //判断是否为有效的mac 地址

         if (!is_valid_ether_addr(addr))

                   return -EADDRNOTAVAIL;

 

         hlist_for_each_entry(fdb, h, &br->hash[hash], hlist) {

                   //如果表中已经包含了此项

                   if (!memcmp(fdb->addr.addr, addr, ETH_ALEN)) {

                            //如果为本机MAC

                            /* attempt to update an entry for a local interface */

                            if (fdb->is_local) {

                                     /* it is okay to have multiple ports with same

                                      * address, just don't allow to be spoofed.

                                      */

                                     if (is_local)

                                               return 0;

 

                                     if (net_ratelimit())

                                               printk(KERN_WARNING "%s: received packet with "

                                                      " own address as source address\n",

                                                      source->dev->name);

                                     return -EEXIST;

                            }

 

                            //如果添加的是本机IP

                            if (is_local) {

                                     printk(KERN_WARNING "%s adding interface with same address "

                                            "as a received packet\n",

                                            source->dev->name);

                                     goto update;

                            }

 

                            //如果添加的是静态MAC

                            //则不更新相关的信息

                            if (fdb->is_static)

                                     return 0;

 

                            /* move to end of age list */

                            list_del(&fdb->u.age_list);

                            goto update;

                   }

         }

 

         fdb = kmem_cache_alloc(br_fdb_cache, GFP_ATOMIC);

         if (!fdb)

                   return ENOMEM;

 

         memcpy(fdb->addr.addr, addr, ETH_ALEN);

         atomic_set(&fdb->use_count, 1);

         hlist_add_head_rcu(&fdb->hlist, &br->hash[hash]);

 

         if (!timer_pending(&br->gc_timer)) {

                   br->gc_timer.expires = jiffies + hold_time(br);

                   add_timer(&br->gc_timer);

         }

 

 update:

         fdb->dst = source;

         fdb->is_local = is_local;

         fdb->is_static = is_local;

         fdb->ageing_timer = jiffies;

         if (!is_local)

                   list_add_tail(&fdb->u.age_list, &br->age_list);

 

         return 0;

}

此函数先判断要插入项是否存在,若是已存在,且不为静态项,具更新对应项。若不存在该项,则分配一个net_bridge_fdb_entry,插入到CAM

 

先来分析一下net_bridge_port的结构:

struct net_bridge_port

{

         //当前端口所在的briage

         struct net_bridge          *br;

         //此端口对应的物理端口

         struct net_device          *dev;

         //同一桥内的端口链表?

         struct list_head             list;

 

         /* STP */

         u8                                 priority;

         u8                                 state;

         u16                               port_no;

         unsigned char                         topology_change_ack;

         unsigned char                         config_pending;

         port_id                                   port_id;

         port_id                                   designated_port;

         bridge_id                       designated_root;

         bridge_id                       designated_bridge;

         u32                               path_cost;

         u32                               designated_cost;

 

         struct timer_list            forward_delay_timer;

         struct timer_list            hold_timer;

         struct timer_list            message_age_timer;

         struct kobject                         kobj;

         struct rcu_head                      rcu;

};

 对应的net_bridge_fdb_entry结构:

//CAM表中对应的数据结构

struct net_bridge_fdb_entry

{

         //用于CAM表连接的链表指针

         struct hlist_node          hlist;           

         //此项对应的物理出口

         struct net_bridge_port           *dst;

         union {

                   struct list_head   age_list;

                   struct rcu_head             rcu;

         } u;

 

         //此项的当前的引用计数

         atomic_t                       use_count;

         //超时时间

         unsigned long                         ageing_timer;

         //MAC地址

         mac_addr                      addr;

         //是否为主机地址

         unsigned char                         is_local;

         //是否为静态地址

         unsigned char                         is_static;

};

 

struct net_bridge_port

{

         //当前端口所在的briage

         struct net_bridge          *br;

         //此端口对应的物理端口

         struct net_device          *dev;

         //同一桥内的端口链表?

         struct list_head            list;

 

         /* STP */

         u8                                 priority;

         u8                                 state;

         u16                               port_no;

         unsigned char                         topology_change_ack;

         unsigned char                         config_pending;

         port_id                                   port_id;

         port_id                                   designated_port;

         bridge_id                       designated_root;

         bridge_id                       designated_bridge;

         u32                                path_cost;

         u32                               designated_cost;

 

         struct timer_list            forward_delay_timer;

         struct timer_list            hold_timer;

         struct timer_list            message_age_timer;

         struct kobject                         kobj;

         struct rcu_head                      rcu;

};

 

 

这样,就往桥中添加了一个接口,从上图中可以反应出接口与桥之间的关系。我们可以用brctl show指令看到当前所有的桥,以及桥里相应的接口。用ifconfig  br0可以看当前桥的状态,如果细心一点可以看到,bro已经有了对应的MAC。这是怎么来的呢?

MAC地址的更新:

注意到在br_add_if中调用了函数br_stp_recalculate_bridge_id()

在上面的代码分析中,为了简化分析,把stp的相关流程忽略掉了,现在我们看下这个函数做了些什么

/* called under bridge lock */

void br_stp_recalculate_bridge_id(struct net_bridge *br)

{

         const unsigned char *addr = br_mac_zero;

         struct net_bridge_port *p;

         //遍历桥中所有的端口

         list_for_each_entry(p, &br->port_list, list) {

                   //取所有接口中MAC的最少值

                   if (addr == br_mac_zero ||

                       memcmp(p->dev->dev_addr, addr, ETH_ALEN) < 0)

                            addr = p->dev->dev_addr;

 

         }

         //如果不与现在桥的MAC相同

         if (memcmp(br->bridge_id.addr, addr, ETH_ALEN))

                   br_stp_change_bridge_id(br, addr);

}

这个函数比较简单,它就是遍历桥对应的所有接口,然后取最小的MAC。然后判断最小MAC跟现在的MAC是否相同

继续跟踪br_stp_change_bridge_id

static void br_stp_change_bridge_id(struct net_bridge *br,

                                         const unsigned char *addr)

{

         unsigned char oldaddr[6];

         struct net_bridge_port *p;

         int wasroot;

 

         wasroot = br_is_root_bridge(br);

 

         memcpy(oldaddr, br->bridge_id.addr, ETH_ALEN);

         memcpy(br->bridge_id.addr, addr, ETH_ALEN);

         //注意到这里,呵呵,桥的MAC更新了

         memcpy(br->dev->dev_addr, addr, ETH_ALEN);

 

         list_for_each_entry(p, &br->port_list, list) {

                   if (!memcmp(p->designated_bridge.addr, oldaddr, ETH_ALEN))

                            memcpy(p->designated_bridge.addr, addr, ETH_ALEN);

 

                   if (!memcmp(p->designated_root.addr, oldaddr, ETH_ALEN))

                            memcpy(p->designated_root.addr, addr, ETH_ALEN);

 

         }

 

         br_configuration_update(br);

         br_port_state_selection(br);

         if (br_is_root_bridge(br) && !wasroot)

                   br_become_root_bridge(br);

}

看到上面的注释了吧,桥的MAC就是在这里得到更新的,所以,桥的MAC地址取得是所有接口中的最小值

 

 

网桥对接收数据的处理:

回到本章的开始的handle_bridge函数,会调用br_handle_frame_hook进行接收数据的处理

在网桥的初始化代码中,把br_handle_frame_hook赋值为了br_handle_frame

没错,这就是网桥的处理函数。跟进个函数

nt br_handle_frame(struct net_bridge_port *p, struct sk_buff **pskb)

{

         struct sk_buff *skb = *pskb;

         //目的mac地址

         const unsigned char *dest = eth_hdr(skb)->h_dest;

 

         //端口禁用

         if (p->state == BR_STATE_DISABLED)

                   goto err;

 

         //mac 为多播或者广播,丢弃

         //FF.XX.XX.XX.XX.XX形式

         if (eth_hdr(skb)->h_source[0] & 1)

                   goto err;

 

         //如果状态为学习或者转发,则学习源mac 更新CAM

         if (p->state == BR_STATE_LEARNING ||

             p->state == BR_STATE_FORWARDING)

                   // br_fdb_insert函数我们在前面已经分析过了

                   br_fdb_insert(p->br, p, eth_hdr(skb)->h_source, 0);

 

         //stp 的处理,stp-enabled 是否启用stp 协议

         //bridge_ula stp使用的多播mac地址

         if (p->br->stp_enabled &&

             !memcmp(dest, bridge_ula, 5) &&

             !(dest[5] & 0xF0)) {

                   if (!dest[5]) {

                            NF_HOOK(PF_BRIDGE, NF_BR_LOCAL_IN, skb, skb->dev,

                                     NULL, br_stp_handle_bpdu);

                            return 1;

                   }

         }

 

         else if (p->state == BR_STATE_FORWARDING) {

                   //在初始化中,并末对br_should_route_hook进行赋值

                   //所以br_should_route_hook为假

                   if (br_should_route_hook) {

                            if (br_should_route_hook(pskb))

                                     return 0;

                            skb = *pskb;

                            dest = eth_hdr(skb)->h_dest;

                   }

 

                   //目的地址与桥地址相同。则传与上层处理

                   //skb->pkt_type = PACKET_HOST

                   if (!memcmp(p->br->dev->dev_addr, dest, ETH_ALEN))

                            skb->pkt_type = PACKET_HOST;

                   //网桥在NF_BR_PRE_ROUTING点上的netfiter处理

                   NF_HOOK(PF_BRIDGE, NF_BR_PRE_ROUTING, skb, skb->dev, NULL,

                            br_handle_frame_finish);

                   return 1;

         }

 

err:

         kfree_skb(skb);

         return 1;

}

在这个函数里,进行相关的入口判断之后,会把当前数据包的源MAC与接口对应更新到CAM表中,更新函数br_fdb_insert()在前面已经分析过了,不太明白的可以倒过去看下,不过注意了,这是不是做为静态项插入的。

接着判断包是不是传给本机的,如果是,则置包的pkt_typePACKET_HOST

关于NF_HOOK()宏,我们在以后的netfiter中有专题分析。这是我们只要知道,正常的数据包会流进br_handle_frame_finish()进行处理

/* note: already called with rcu_read_lock (preempt_disabled) */

int br_handle_frame_finish(struct sk_buff *skb)

{

         //取得目的MAC地址

const unsigned char *dest = eth_hdr(skb)->h_dest;

         struct net_bridge_port *p = skb->dev->br_port;

         struct net_bridge *br = p->br;

         struct net_bridge_fdb_entry *dst;

         int passedup = 0;

 

         //混杂模式

         /*如果网桥的虚拟网卡处于混杂模式,那么每个接收到的数据包都需要克隆一份

        送到AF_PACKET协议处理体(网络软中断函数net_rx_actionptype_all链的处理)*/

 

         if (br->dev->flags & IFF_PROMISC) {

                   struct sk_buff *skb2;

 

                   skb2 = skb_clone(skb, GFP_ATOMIC);

                   if (skb2 != NULL) {

                            passedup = 1;

                            br_pass_frame_up(br, skb2);

                   }

         }

 

         //目的mac 为多播或者广播,则需要传至上层进行处理

         //passedup为传送标志,为1 时表示已经上传过了

         if (dest[0] & 1) {

                   br_flood_forward(br, skb, !passedup);

                   if (!passedup)

                            br_pass_frame_up(br, skb);

                   goto out;

         }

 

 

         //查询CAM

         dst = __br_fdb_get(br, dest);

 

         //到本机的? 传至上层协议处理

         if (dst != NULL && dst->is_local) {

                   if (!passedup)

                            br_pass_frame_up(br, skb);

                   else

                            kfree_skb(skb);

                   goto out;

         }

        

         //不是本机的数据,则转发

         if (dst != NULL) {

                   br_forward(dst->dst, skb);

                   goto out;

         }

 

         //如果查询不到,在其它端口上都发送此包

         br_flood_forward(br, skb, 0);

 

out:

         return 0;

}

在这里函数里,通过查找CAM表,取得发送端口,如果当前CAM表里没有到目的MAC的端口,则在其它端口上都发送此数据包。

在这个函数里,我们看到,查询CAM表的函数为:__br_fdb_get()

接着分析一下此函数

struct net_bridge_fdb_entry *__br_fdb_get(struct net_bridge *br,

                                                 const unsigned char *addr)

{

         struct hlist_node *h;

         struct net_bridge_fdb_entry *fdb;

         //遍历对应MAC哈希项中的fdb

         hlist_for_each_entry_rcu(fdb, h, &br->hash[br_mac_hash(addr)], hlist) {

                   if (!memcmp(fdb->addr.addr, addr, ETH_ALEN)) {

                            if (unlikely(has_expired(br, fdb)))

                                     break;

                            return fdb;

                   }

         }

 

         return NULL;

}

这个函数非常容易,首先取得目的MAC对应的哈希项。然后再遍历里面的数据,查看是否含有目的地址的项。如果是送给本机的数据包,则传至上层协议,如不是,则需要转发。关于上层怎么处理,以及如何转发。

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