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物联网综合练习之android TCP客户端

分类： Android平台

2015-11-11 15:02:23

原文地址：物联网综合练习之android TCP客户端 作者：一生有你llx

/*************************************************************************************************
PROJECT：        wifi遥控小车
HARDWARE：    STC89C52RC单机， L239D直流电机驱动器， ESP8266安信可wifi模块
SOFTWARE：    Eclipse安卓开发环境
AUTHOR:          DDDDD
DATE:              2014-12-5
*************************************************************************************************/

这个小项目有软件和硬件两大块，这里主要阐述在开发android客户端中遇到的问题
1、需要几个普通的Button，控制前进后退等。
     findViewById（）这个函数将定义的button变量和xml文件中的button控件绑定起来
                upBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.upbtn);
     setOnClickListener（）为button控件添加监听器，这样button被按下后监听器就会执行里面的函数
                downBtn.setOnClickListener(new runButtonListenner());
     如果为每一个button都绑定一个监听器，程序很不友好。最常用的方法就是为所有同种类型的button设置同一个监听器。
                upBtn.setOnClickListener(new runButtonListenner());
                downBtn.setOnClickListener(new runButtonListenner());
                leftBtn.setOnClickListener(new runButtonListenner());
                rightBtn.setOnClickListener(new runButtonListenner());
                stopBtn.setOnClickListener(new runButtonListenner());
     在监听器里，利用switch语句来判断是哪个button被按下，onclick函数喊传入参数v，通过调用参数v的getId方法获取按钮
              class runButtonListenner implements OnClickListener
              {
                    @Override
                    public void onClick(View v)
                    {
                            // TODO Auto-generated method stub
                            switch(v.getId())
                            {
                                case R.id.upbtn:

                                            break;
                                case R.id.upbtn:

                                            break;
                            }
                    }
2、连接服务器的按钮应该是个开关型按钮，按下和松开是两种状态。在android里有ToggleButton类，这就是个按钮控件，但是个人感觉用着
     很不舒服，因此就自定义了一个开关型的button。其实就是一个普通的button，通过判断语句来实现开关的功能，关于这一部分功能可以参
    考我的源代码
3、socket编程，这个项目里TCP服务器已经由硬件实现，android只需要实现TCP客户端
     （1）socket是要访问网络的，因此需要在AndroidManifset中申明网络访问权限
                
               这句话代表访问网络权限，加在application标签后  
     （2）在开发时遇到一个问题，android4.0以上的版本不支持在同一个线程里访问网络，因此必须创建一个新线程
                //创建一个线程，将ip和端口号传入，在新的线程里创建socket
                TcpClientThread tcpClientThread = new TcpClientThread(ip, port);
                //启动线程
                tcpClientThread.start();               
               由于创建socket时IP和端口应该由外部输入，不能定死，因此需要在创建新线程时传递参数。这样就需要
               在新的线程类中有带参数的构造函数
                public class TcpClientThread extends Thread
                {
                    String ip = null;
                    int port = 0;
                    //在构造函数里得到参数ip 和port
                    public TcpClientThread(String Ip, int Port)
                    {
                        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
                        ip = Ip;
                        port = Port;
                    }

                    @Override
                    //run方法会自动调用
                    public void run()
                    {
                    
                    }
                }
    （3）创建线程的函数new Socket(dstName, dstPort)是一个阻塞的过程，如果服务器没有启动，那么程序就会一直等待，
            因此用下面这种方法来创建一个socket
                    //创建一个socket
                    socket = new Socket();
                    //获取socket地址
                    SocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(ip, port);
                    //连接socket
                    socket.connect(socketAddress);
4、源代码
     （1）MainActivity.java

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. package com.example.tcp_client;

  3. import java.io.IOException;
  4. import java.io.OutputStream;

  6. import android.os.Bundle;
  7. import android.app.Activity;
  8. import android.app.AlertDialog;
  9. import android.content.DialogInterface;
  10. import android.view.Menu;
  11. import android.view.View;
  12. import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
  13. import android.widget.Button;
  14. import android.widget.EditText;
  15. import android.widget.TextView;

  17. public class MainActivity extends Activity
  18. {
  19.     //按钮控件，有前后左右，停车
  20.     private Button upBtn = null;
  21.     private Button downBtn = null;
  22.     private Button leftBtn = null;
  23.     private Button rightBtn = null;
  24.     private Button stopBtn = null;
  25.     //按钮控件，连接或者断开服务器
  26.     private Button tcpBtn = null;
  27.     //EditText 输入服务器ip和端口号
  28.     private EditText ipEdit = null;
  29.     private EditText portEdit = null;
  30.     //TextView 显示信息
  31.     private TextView tcpInfoText = null;
  32.     private TextView carInfoText = null;
  33.     
  34.     private String IP = null;
  35.     private int PORT;
  36.     //如果已经连接到服务器，那么按钮上就应该显示断开服务器
  37.     private String linked = "断开服务器";
  38.     //如果服务器已经断开，那么按钮上就应该显示；连接服务器
  39.     private String unlink = "连接服务器";
  40.     //检测自定义ToggleButton的状态，false代表还没按下，true代表按下
  41.     private boolean isChecked = false;
  42.     //自定义的TcpClient类实体
  43.     private TcpClient tcpClient = null;
  44.     //输出流，用于socket
  45.     static OutputStream outStream = null;
  46.     @Override
  47.     protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
  48.     {
  49.         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
  50.         //指定布局文件
  51.         setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
  52.         //将控件找到
  53.         upBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.upbtn);
  54.         downBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.downbtn);
  55.         leftBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.leftbtn);
  56.         rightBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.rightbtn);
  57.         stopBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.stopBtn);
  58.         //为控件绑定监听器Listener
  59.         upBtn.setOnClickListener(new runButtonListenner());
  60.         downBtn.setOnClickListener(new runButtonListenner());
  61.         leftBtn.setOnClickListener(new runButtonListenner());
  62.         rightBtn.setOnClickListener(new runButtonListenner());
  63.         stopBtn.setOnClickListener(new runButtonListenner());
  64.         //连接服务器的按钮式一个button控件，自定义为ToggleButton
  65.         tcpBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.tcpToggleBtn);
  66.         tcpBtn.setOnClickListener(new switchButtonListener());
  67.         tcpBtn.setText(unlink);
  68.         
  69.         ipEdit = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.ipEdit);
  70.         portEdit = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.portEdit);
  71.         tcpInfoText = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.tcpInfoText);
  72.         carInfoText = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.carInfoText);
  73.         

  75.     }
  76.     //关于小车状态按钮的监听器
  77.     class runButtonListenner implements OnClickListener
  78.     {
  79.         @Override
  80.         public void onClick(View v)
  81.         {
  82.             // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  83.             switch(v.getId())
  84.             {
  85.                 case R.id.upbtn:
  86.                     if(outStream != null)
  87.                     {
  88.                         tcpClient.sendBuffer(outStream, "#up*");
  89.                         carInfoText.setText("小车正在前进");
  90.                     }                    
  91.                     break;
  92.                 case R.id.downbtn:
  93.                     if(outStream != null)
  94.                     {
  95.                         tcpClient.sendBuffer(outStream, "#dn*");
  96.                         carInfoText.setText("小车正在后退");
  97.                     }                
  98.                     break;
  99.                 case R.id.leftbtn:
  100.                     if(outStream != null)
  101.                     {
  102.                         tcpClient.sendBuffer(outStream, "#zz*");
  103.                         carInfoText.setText("小车正在左转");
  104.                     }        
  105.                     break;
  106.                 case R.id.rightbtn:
  107.                     if(outStream != null)
  108.                     {
  109.                         tcpClient.sendBuffer(outStream, "#yz*");
  110.                         carInfoText.setText("小车正在右转");
  111.                     }        
  112.                     break;
  113.                 case R.id.stopBtn:
  114.                     if(outStream != null)
  115.                     {
  116.                         tcpClient.sendBuffer(outStream, "#sp*");
  117.                         carInfoText.setText("小车已经停车");
  118.                     }    
  119.                 default:
  120.                     break;
  121.             
  122.             }
  123.         }
  124.         
  125.     }
  126.     //自定义ToggleButton控件的监听器，按下和松开是两种显示状态
  127.     class switchButtonListener implements OnClickListener
  128.     {
  129.         @Override
  130.         public void onClick(View v)
  131.         {
  132.             // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  133.             //每次点击按钮之后，按钮的状态就应该取反
  134.             isChecked = !isChecked;
  135.             //如果按下按钮，ToggleButton的状态时true
  136.             if(isChecked)
  137.             {
  138.                 //从ip的EditText获取IP
  139.                 IP = ipEdit.getText().toString();
  140.                 //如果没有输入IP，那么获取的字符串长度就是0，按钮的状态还是false
  141.                 if(IP.length() == 0)
  142.                 {
  143.                     //没有IP，ToggleButton的状态还是false
  144.                     isChecked = false;
  145.                     //弹出提示对话框，提示用户输入IP
  146.                     new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this)
  147.      .setTitle("提示")
  148.      .setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_info)
  149.      .setMessage("请输入服务器IP地址")        
  150.      .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){

  152.                         @Override
  153.                         public void onClick(DialogInterface arg0, int arg1) {
  154.                             // TODO Auto-generated method stub

  156.                         }})     
  157.      .show();
  158.                 }
  159.                 else
  160.                 {
  161.                     //如果没有输入端口号，那么从端口edit获取的字符串长度也是0
  162.                     if(portEdit.getText().toString().length() == 0)
  163.                     {
  164.                         //没有端口号，ToggleButton的状态还是false
  165.                         isChecked = false;
  166.                         //弹出对话框，提示用户输入端口
  167.                         new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this)
  168.          .setTitle("提示")
  169.          .setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_info)
  170.          .setMessage("请输入服务器端口号")        
  171.          .setPositiveButton("确定", new DialogInterface.OnClickListener(){

  173.                             @Override
  174.                             public void onClick(DialogInterface arg0, int arg1) {
  175.                                 // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  176.                                 
  177.                             }})     
  178.          .show();    
  179.                     }
  180.                     try{
  181.                         //将获取的端口号转为一个整数
  182.                         PORT = Integer.parseInt(portEdit.getText().toString());
  183.                         }catch (Exception e){
  184.                             e.printStackTrace();
  185.                         }
  186.                     //创建TcpClient实体
  187.                     tcpClient = new TcpClient();
  188.                     //创建socket，并且获取到一个outputStream
  189.                     tcpClient.createTcpCient(IP, PORT);
  190.                     if(outStream != null)
  191.                     {
  192.                         //如果得到了OutputStream，在信息框提示连接成功自定义ToggleButton就显示
  193.                         tcpInfoText.setText("OK，连接服务器成功");
  194.                         //已经连接到服务器，ToggleButton显示“断开连接”
  195.                         tcpBtn.setText(linked);
  196.                     }
  197.                     else
  198.                     {
  199.                         //没有得到OutputStream，自定义ToggleButton的属性还是false
  200.                         isChecked = false;
  201.                     }
  202.                 }
  203.             }
  204.             else
  205.             {
  206.                 //如果ToggleButton的状态是false，那么就断开socket
  207.                 try
  208.                 {
  209.                     TcpClient.socket.close();
  210.                 } catch (IOException e)
  211.                 {
  212.                     // TODO Auto-generated catch block
  213.                     e.printStackTrace();
  214.                 }
  215.                 //释放资源
  216.                 outStream = null;
  217.                 tcpClient = null;
  218.                 //将ToggleButton的内容设置为“连接服务器”
  219.                 tcpBtn.setText(unlink);
  220.                 //信息edit提示服务器断开
  221.                 tcpInfoText.setText("注意，服务器已断开");
  222.             }
  223.                 
  224.         }
  225.         
  226.     }

  228.     @Override
  229.     public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
  230.     {
  231.         // Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
  232.         getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
  233.         return true;
  234.     }

  236. }
     （2）TcpClient.java

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  1. package com.example.tcp_client;

  3. import java.io.IOException;
  4. import java.io.OutputStream;
  5. import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
  6. import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
  7. import java.net.Socket;
  8. import java.net.SocketAddress;

  10. public class TcpClient
  11. {
  12.     public static Socket socket = null;
  13.     
  14.     public void createTcpCient(String ip, int port)
  15.     {
  16.         //创建一个线程，将ip和端口号传入，在新的线程里创建socket
  17.         TcpClientThread tcpClientThread = new TcpClientThread(ip, port);
  18.         //启动线程
  19.         tcpClientThread.start();
  20.     }
  21.     
  22.     public class TcpClientThread extends Thread
  23.     {
  24.         String ip = null;
  25.         int port = 0;
  26.         //在构造函数里得到参数ip 和port
  27.         public TcpClientThread(String Ip, int Port)
  28.         {
  29.             // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
  30.             ip = Ip;
  31.             port = Port;
  32.         }

  34.         @Override
  35.         //run方法会自动调用
  36.         public void run()
  37.         {
  38.             // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  39.             super.run();
  40.             try{
  41.                 //创建一个socket
  42.                 socket = new Socket();
  43.                 //获取socket地址
  44.                 SocketAddress socketAddress = new InetSocketAddress(ip, port);
  45.                 //连接socket
  46.                 socket.connect(socketAddress);
  47.                 //从socket获取一个outputstream
  48.                 MainActivity.outStream = socket.getOutputStream();
  49.                 //将buffer的内容写入outputstream
  50.             }catch    (IOException e){
  51.                 e.printStackTrace();
  52.             }
  53.         }
  54.     }
  55.     //通过socket发送数据
  56.     public void sendBuffer(OutputStream outputStream, String buf)
  57.     {
  58.         byte buffer[] = null;
  59.         try
  60.         {
  61.             //将String转为byte类型
  62.             buffer = buf.getBytes("ISO-8859-1");
  63.         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e)
  64.         {
  65.             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
  66.             e.printStackTrace();
  67.         }
  68.         try
  69.         {
  70.             //输出数据
  71.             outputStream.write(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
  72.             outputStream.flush();
  73.         } catch (IOException e)
  74.         {
  75.             // TODO Auto-generated catch block
  76.             e.printStackTrace();
  77.         }
  78.         
  79.     }
  80. }
    （3）activity_main.xml

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  1. <RelativeLayout xmlns:android=""
  2.     xmlns:tools=""
  3.     android:layout_width="match_parent"
  4.     android:layout_height="match_parent"
  5.     android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
  6.     android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
  7.     android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
  8.     android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
  9.     tools:context=".MainActivity" >

  11.     <Button
  12.         android:id="@+id/upbtn"
  13.         style="?android:attr/buttonStyleSmall"
  14.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  15.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  16.         android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/downbtn"
  17.         android:text="前进" />
  18.     <Button
  19.         android:id="@+id/leftbtn"
  20.         style="?android:attr/buttonStyleSmall"
  21.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  22.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  23.         android:layout_below="@+id/upbtn"
  24.         android:layout_marginRight="28dp"
  25.         android:layout_toLeftOf="@+id/upbtn"
  26.         android:text="左转" />
  27.     <Button
  28.         android:id="@+id/rightbtn"
  29.         style="?android:attr/buttonStyleSmall"
  30.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  31.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  32.         android:layout_alignBaseline="@+id/stopBtn"
  33.         android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/stopBtn"
  34.         android:layout_marginLeft="24dp"
  35.         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/stopBtn"
  36.         android:text="右转" />
  37.     
  38.     <Button
  39.         android:id="@+id/stopBtn"
  40.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  41.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  42.         android:layout_alignBottom="@+id/leftbtn"
  43.         android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/upbtn"
  44.         android:layout_alignRight="@+id/upbtn"
  45.         android:layout_below="@+id/upbtn"
  46.         android:text="停车" />

  48.     <Button
  49.         android:id="@+id/downbtn"
  50.         style="?android:attr/buttonStyleSmall"
  51.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  52.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  53.         android:layout_below="@+id/stopBtn"
  54.         android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
  55.         android:text="后退" />
  56.     
  57.     <EditText
  58.         android:id="@+id/ipEdit"
  59.         android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  60.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  61.         android:hint = "请输入服务器IP"
  62.         android:inputType="none"
  63.         android:layout_below="@+id/downbtn"
  64.         />
  65.     <EditText
  66.         android:id="@+id/portEdit"
  67.         android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  68.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  69.         android:hint = "请输入服务器端口"
  70.         android:inputType="none"
  71.         android:layout_below="@+id/ipEdit"
  72.         />
  73.    <TextView
  74.         android:id="@+id/tcpInfoText"
  75.         android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  76.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  77.         android:layout_below="@+id/tcpToggleBtn"
  78.         android:singleLine="false"
  79.         />
  80.    <TextView
  81.         android:id="@+id/carInfoText"
  82.         android:layout_width="fill_parent"
  83.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  84.         android:layout_below="@+id/tcpInfoText"
  85.         android:singleLine="false"
  86.         />

  88.     <Button
  89.         android:id="@+id/tcpToggleBtn"
  90.         style="@android:style/MediaButton"
  91.         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
  92.         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
  93.         android:layout_alignLeft="@+id/portEdit"
  94.         android:layout_alignRight="@+id/portEdit"
  95.         android:layout_below="@+id/portEdit"
  96.         android:textOn="断开服务器"
  97.         android:textOff="连接服务器"
  98.         />
  99.     

  101. </RelativeLayout>
    （4）AndroidManifest.xml

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  1. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
  2. <manifest xmlns:android=""
  3.     package="com.example.tcp_client"
  4.     android:versionCode="1"
  5.     android:versionName="1.0" >

  7.     <uses-sdk
  8.         android:minSdkVersion="8"
  9.         android:targetSdkVersion="18" />

  11.     <application
  12.         android:allowBackup="true"
  13.         android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
  14.         android:label="@string/app_name"
  15.         android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
  16.         <activity
  17.             android:name="com.example.tcp_client.MainActivity"
  18.             android:label="@string/app_name" >
  19.             <intent-filter>
  20.                 <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

  22.                 <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
  23.             </intent-filter>
  24.         </activity>
  25.     </application>
  26. <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
  27. </manifest>























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