2012年（6）
分类： Oracle
2012-05-08 11:18:00
Oracle 11g r2 DataGuard安装配置
安装环境
1. ORACLE服务器硬件配置
硬盘 146*4
内存 16G
IP地址&机器名:
XXX. XXX. XXX. XXX platformdb01 #primary
XXX. XXX. XXX. XXX platformdb02 #standby
2. Oracle服务器分区
-------------------
分区 SIZE
/boot 100M #主分区
/u01 100G #主分区
/u02 150G #主分区
/ 60G #扩展分区
swap 16G #扩展分区
/rman 剩下的所有空间 #扩展分区 #250G
-------------------
3. RPM安装包选择
#安装包
| Desktop Environments
|--- GNOME Desktop Environment #all
|Applications
|---Editors #vi
|---Text-based Internet #all
|Development
|---Development Libraries #all
|---Development Tools #all java nocheck
|---GNOME Software Development #all
|---Legacy Software Development #all
|---X Software Development #all
|Servers
|---Legacy Network Server #all
|---Server Configuration Tools #all
|Base System
|---Administration Tools #all
|---Base #all
|---Legacy Software Support #all
|---System Tools #all
|---X Window System #all
|Languages
|---Chinese Support #
4. 配置图形界面环境（Xmanager）
a. 启动本地X服务器
安装Xmanager以后, 开始菜单 -> 程序 -> Xmanager3 -> Xmanager – Passive
b. 服务器端配置: /etc/ssh/sshd_config
确保有这行: X11Forwarding yes
c. root执行 #export DISPLAY=192.168.186.1:0.0 #本地客户端的IP地址
d. root执行 #xhost +
e. root执行 #xclock #本地应该有图形界面的钟出现
5. rlwrap安装（可选）
安装前准备
#检查OS
[root@platformdb01 ~]# grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 16429744 kB
[root@platformdb01 ~]# grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz
[root@platformdb01 ~]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
SwapTotal: 16386260 kB
[root@platformdb01 ~]# free
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 16429744 1333208 15096536 0 96244 960936
-/+ buffers/cache: 276028 16153716
Swap: 16386260 0 16386260
[root@platformdb01 ~]# df -h /dev/shm/
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm
[root@platformdb01 ~]# uname -a
Linux platformdb01.yz.online.dream2.cc 2.6.18-164.el5 #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 03:28:30 EDT 2009 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@platformdb01 ~]# df -h /tmp
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda7 59G 3.5G 52G 7% /
[root@platformdb01 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda7 59G 3.5G 52G 7% /
/dev/sda5 95G 188M 90G 1% /u01
/dev/sda3 142G 188M 135G 1% /u02
/dev/sda1 99M 12M 82M 13% /boot
tmpfs 7.9G 0 7.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda2 218G 188M 207G 1% /rman
[root@platformdb01 ~]# cat /proc/version
Linux version 2.6.18-164.el5 (mockbuild@builder10.centos.org) (gcc version 4.1.2 20080704 (Red Hat 4.1.2-46)) #1 SMP Thu Sep 3 03:28:30 EDT 2009
[root@platformdb01 ~]# cat /etc/issue
CentOS release 5.4 (Final)
Kernel \r on an \m
#检查RPM包
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep binutils
binutils-2.17.50.0.6-12.el5
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep compat-libstdc++
compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep elfutils-libelf
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.137-3.el5
elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.137-3.el5
elfutils-libelf-0.137-3.el5
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep gcc
gcc44-gfortran-4.4.0-6.el5
gcc-4.1.2-46.el5
gcc44-4.4.0-6.el5
gcc-gnat-4.1.2-46.el5
gcc-gfortran-4.1.2-46.el5
compat-libgcc-296-2.96-138
libgcc-4.1.2-46.el5
libgcc-4.1.2-46.el5
gcc44-c++-4.4.0-6.el5
gcc-c++-4.1.2-46.el5
compat-gcc-34-c++-3.4.6-4
compat-gcc-34-3.4.6-4
gcc-objc-4.1.2-46.el5
compat-gcc-34-g77-3.4.6-4
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep glibc
glibc-common-2.5-42
glibc-2.5-42
glibc-headers-2.5-42
compat-glibc-headers-2.3.4-2.26
glibc-2.5-42
compat-glibc-2.3.4-2.26
compat-glibc-2.3.4-2.26
glibc-devel-2.5-42
glibc-devel-2.5-42
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep ksh
ksh-20080202-14.el5
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep libaio
libaio-0.3.106-3.2
libaio-0.3.106-3.2
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep libgcc
compat-libgcc-296-2.96-138
libgcc-4.1.2-46.el5
libgcc-4.1.2-46.el5
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep libstdc++
libstdc++-4.1.2-46.el5
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2-46.el5
compat-libstdc++-296-2.96-138
libstdc++44-devel-4.4.0-6.el5
libstdc++44-devel-4.4.0-6.el5
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-61
libstdc++-4.1.2-46.el5
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep make
automake15-1.5-16
imake-1.0.2-3
automake14-1.4p6-13
automake-1.9.6-2.1
make-3.81-3.el5
automake16-1.6.3-8
automake17-1.7.9-7
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep numactl-devel
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep sysstat
sysstat-7.0.2-3.el5
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -qa | grep unixODBC
#安装缺少的RPM包
[root@platformdb01 ~]# rpm -ivh *.rpm
warning: libaio-devel-0.3.106-3.2.i386.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID e8562897
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:unixODBC ########################################### [ 11%]
2:pdksh ########################################### [ 22%]
3:unixODBC-devel ########################################### [ 33%]
4:numactl-devel ########################################### [ 44%]
5:numactl-devel ########################################### [ 56%]
6:libaio-devel ########################################### [ 67%]
7:libaio-devel ########################################### [ 78%]
8:unixODBC ########################################### [ 89%]
9:unixODBC-devel ########################################### [100%]
#创建oracle用户
[root@platformdb01 ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@platformdb01 ~]# groupadd dba
[root@platformdb01 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
[root@platformdb01 ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
#修改sysctl.conf
[root@platformdb01 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
#for oracle
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
[root@platformdb01 ~]# sysctl -p
[root@platformdb01 ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
#for oracle
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle hard stack 10240
#创建目录
[root@platformdb01 u01]# mkdir -p /u01/oracle/oracle11g
[root@platformdb01 u01]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/
[root@platformdb01 u01]# chmod -R 775 /u01/
[root@platformdb01 /]# mkdir -p /u02/oracle/oracle11g
[root@platformdb01 /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u02/
[root@platformdb01 /]# chmod -R 775 /u02/
[root@platformdb01 /]# mkdir -p /rman/arch
[root@platformdb01 /]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /rman/
[root@platformdb01 /]# chmod -R 775 /rman/
#设置环境变量
[root@platformdb01 ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@platformdb01 ~]$ vi .bash_profile
#for oracle
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/oracle11g
ORACLE_SID=jmcentr
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
NLS_DATE_FORMAT="YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS"
NLS_LANG=American_america.AL32UTF8
EDITOR=vi
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH NLS_DATE_FORMAT NLS_LANG EDITOR
alias sqlplus="rlwrap sqlplus"
alias rman="rlwrap rman"
alias lsnrctl="rlwrap lsnrctl"
#配置hosts
[root@platformdb01 /]# vi /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost
222.189.228.152 platformdb01.yz.online.dream2.cc platformdb01
222.189.228.153 platformdb02.yz.online.dream2.cc platformdb02
[root@platformdb01 /]# echo "redhat-release-5Server-5" > /tmp/.linux_release
[root@platformdb01 /]# chattr +i /tmp/.linux_release
注：platformdb01、platformdb02都按照以上步骤执行
开始安装oracle11gr2软件在客户端打开：Xmanager – Passive
Oracle数据库服务器执行以下命令：
[root@platformdb01 ~]# export DISPLAY=192.168.186.1:0.0
[root@platformdb01 ~]# xhost +
access control disabled, clients can connect from any host
[oracle@platformdb01 ~]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@platformdb01 ~]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@platformdb01 ~]$ cd database/
[oracle@platformdb01 database]$ ls
doc install response rpm runInstaller sshsetup stage welcome.html
[oracle@platformdb01 database]$ ./runInstaller
注：tail -f /tmp/OraInstall2010-08-24_03-25-30PM/installActions2010-08-24_03-25-30PM.log查看oracle检查安装的log
去掉对号，点击“Next”
点击“Yes”
选择“Install database software only”，点击“Next”
点击“Next”
选择“English”和“Simplified Chinese”，点击“Next”
点击“Next”
点击“Next”
点击“Next”
点击“Next”
选择“Ignore All”，点击“Next”
可以选择保存响应文件
点击“Save”
点击“Finish”
注：可以通过tail -f /u01/oraInventory/logs/installActions2010-08-24_03-25-30PM.log查看oracle安装的log
使用root用户按顺序执行2个脚本，然后点击“OK”
[root@platformdb01 ~]# /u01/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u01/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@platformdb01 ~]# /u01/oracle/oracle11g/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/oracle/oracle11g
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
点击“Close”，完成oracle软件的安装。
注：platformdb01、platformdb02都按照以上步骤执行
安装后配置监听、创建oracle数据库（只在platformdb01执行）
a. 创建监听
[oracle@platformdb01 admin]$ netca
点击“Next”
点击“Next”
点击“Next”
点击“Next”
点击“Next”
点击“Next”
点击“Next”
点击“Finish”，完成listener的配置。
注：可以通过lsnrctl status查看监听的状态
[oracle@platformdb01 ~]$ lsnrctl status
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 24-AUG-2010 16:13:22
Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=platformdb01)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias LISTENER
Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date 24-AUG-2010 16:10:25
Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 2 min. 57 sec
Trace Level off
Security ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP OFF
Listener Parameter File /u01/oracle/oracle11g/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File /u01/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/platformdb01/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=platformdb01)(PORT=1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
修改listener.ora文件
[oracle@platformdb01 ~]$ cd /u01/oracle/oracle11g/network/admin
[oracle@platformdb01 admin]$ vi listener.ora
-------------------------------------------------
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/oracle11g/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = jmcentr)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/oracle11g)
(SID_NAME = jmcentr)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = platformdb01)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle
-------------------------------------------------
重新启动监听
[oracle@platformdb01 admin]$ lsnrctl stop
[oracle@platformdb01 admin]$ lsnrctl start
b. 创建oracle数据库
[oracle@platformdb01 ~]$ dbca
点击“Next”
点击“Next”
点击“Next”
输入“Global Database Name”和“SID”，点击“Next”
点击“Next”
输入密码，点击“Next”
选择“Use Common Location for All Database Files”，输入“{ORACLE_BASE}/oradata”点击“Next”
选择“Enable Archiving”，点击“Edit Archive Mode Parameters”
输入“/rman/arch”，点击“OK”，然后点击“Next”
点击“Next”
可以按照服务器配置设置SGA和PGA大小（本图片是内存为1020MB的配置），点击“Sizing”
可以根据需要设置“Processes”大小，点击“Character Sets”
选择“AL32UTF8”，点击“Next”
点击“Next”
选择“Save as a Database Template”和“Generate Database Creation Scripts”，点击“Finish”
点击“OK”
点击“OK”
点击“OK”
注：可以使用tail -f /u01/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/jmcentr/trace.log查看创建数据库log。
点击“Exit”，完成oracle数据库的创建。
备份emkey.ora文件
[oracle@platformdb01 ~]$ cd /u01/oracle/oracle11g/platformdb01_jmcentr/sysman/config
[oracle@platformdb01 config]$ cp emkey.ora ~
配置Dataguard
a. 修改platformdb01的tnsnames.ora文件
[oracle@platformdb01 admin]$ cd /u01/oracle/oracle11g/network/admin
[oracle@platformdb01 admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
----------------------------------------
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/oracle11g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
JMCENTR2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = platformdb02)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jmcentr)
)
)
JMCENTR1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = platformdb01)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jmcentr)
)
)
JMCENTR =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = platformdb01)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jmcentr)
)
)
----------------------------------------
b. 拷贝platformdb01的listener.ora、tnsnames.ora及密码文件orapwjmcentr到platformdb02，并修改listener.ora、tnsnames.ora文件
[oracle@platformdb01 admin]$ cd /u01/oracle/oracle11g/network/admin
$ scp listener.ora platformdb02:/u01/oracle/oracle11g/network/admin/
$ scp tnsnames.ora platformdb02:/u01/oracle/oracle11g/network/admin/
[oracle@platformdb01 admin]$ cd /u01/oracle/oracle11g/dbs/
[oracle@platformdb01 dbs]$ scp orapwjmcentr platformdb02:/u01/oracle/oracle11g/dbs/
[oracle@platformdb02 admin]$ vi listener.ora
---------------------------------------
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/oracle11g/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = jmcentr)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/oracle/oracle11g)
(SID_NAME = jmcentr)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = platformdb02)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/oracle
----------------------------------------
[oracle@platformdb02 admin]$ vi tnsnames.ora
-----------------------------------------
# tnsnames.ora Network Configuration File: /u01/oracle/oracle11g/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
JMCENTR2 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = platformdb02)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jmcentr)
)
)
JMCENTR1 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = platformdb01)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jmcentr)
)
)
JMCENTR =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = platformdb02)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = jmcentr)
)
)
-----------------------------------------
c. 启动platformdb02的监听
[oracle@platformdb02 dbs]$ lsnrctl start
d. 创建oracle目录
# platformdb01
[oracle@platformdb01 jmcentr]$ mkdir -p /u02/oracle/oradata/jmcentr
#platformdb02
[oracle@platformdb02 oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr
[oracle@platformdb02 oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area/JMCENTR/onlinelog
[oracle@platformdb02 oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/oracle/admin/jmcentr/adump
[oracle@platformdb02 oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/oracle/admin/jmcentr/dpdump
[oracle@platformdb02 oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/oracle/admin/jmcentr/pfile
[oracle@platformdb02 oracle]$ mkdir -p /u01/oracle/admin/jmcentr/scripts
[oracle@platformdb02 oracle]$ mkdir -p /u02/oracle/oradata/jmcentr
e. 配置DataGuard
e.1. 配置primary（ platformdb01）数据库的参数
[oracle@platformdb01 oracle]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Tue Aug 24 21:06:50 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> alter database force logging;
Database altered.
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
File created.
[oracle@platformdb01 ~]$ cd /u01/oracle/oracle11g/dbs
[oracle@platformdb01 dbs]$ mv spfilejmcentr.ora spfilejmcentr.ora.bak
[oracle@platformdb01 dbs]$ vi initjmcentr.ora
-------------------------------------------
jmcentr.__db_cache_size=75497472
jmcentr.__java_pool_size=4194304
jmcentr.__large_pool_size=4194304
jmcentr.__oracle_base='/u01/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
jmcentr.__pga_aggregate_target=163577856
jmcentr.__sga_target=264241152
jmcentr.__shared_io_pool_size=0
jmcentr.__shared_pool_size=167772160
jmcentr.__streams_pool_size=4194304
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/jmcentr/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/control01.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/control02.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/control03.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='jmcentr'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=jmcentrXDB)'
#*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/rman/arch'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=427819008
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=500
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=555
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.db_unique_name=uqn_jmcentr1
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(uqn_jmcentr1,uqn_jmcentr2)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/rman/arch noreopen optional VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=uqn_jmcentr1'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=jmcentr2 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=uqn_jmcentr2 ARCH SYNC REOPEN=10'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=ENABLE
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=ENABLE
*.FAL_SERVER='jmcentr2'
*.FAL_CLIENT='jmcentr1'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/','/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/'
-------------------------------------------
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 425897984 bytes
Fixed Size 2214016 bytes
Variable Size 343934848 bytes
Database Buffers 75497472 bytes
Redo Buffers 4251648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
e.2. 拷贝参数文件到standby （platformdb02）
[oracle@platformdb01 ~]$ cd /u01/oracle/oracle11g/dbs
[oracle@platformdb01 dbs]$ scp initjmcentr.ora platformdb02:/u01/oracle/oracle11g/dbs/
e.3. 修改standby（platformdb02）参数文件
[oracle@platformdb02 ~]$ cd /u01/oracle/oracle11g/dbs
[oracle@platformdb02 dbs]$ vi initjmcentr.ora
-----------------------------------------
jmcentr.__db_cache_size=75497472
jmcentr.__java_pool_size=4194304
jmcentr.__large_pool_size=4194304
jmcentr.__oracle_base='/u01/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
jmcentr.__pga_aggregate_target=163577856
jmcentr.__sga_target=264241152
jmcentr.__shared_io_pool_size=0
jmcentr.__shared_pool_size=167772160
jmcentr.__streams_pool_size=4194304
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/jmcentr/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/control01.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/control02.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/control03.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='jmcentr'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=jmcentrXDB)'
#*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/rman/arch'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=427819008
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=500
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=555
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.db_unique_name=uqn_jmcentr2
*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(uqn_jmcentr1,uqn_jmcentr2)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/rman/arch noreopen optional VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=uqn_jmcentr2'
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=jmcentr1 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=uqn_jmcentr1 ARCH SYNC REOPEN=10'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=ENABLE
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=ENABLE
*.FAL_SERVER='jmcentr1'
*.FAL_CLIENT='jmcentr2'
*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/','/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/'
-----------------------------------------
e.4 standby（platformdb02）启动到nomount状态
[oracle@platformdb02 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Aug 25 10:30:39 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 425897984 bytes
Fixed Size 2214016 bytes
Variable Size 343934848 bytes
Database Buffers 75497472 bytes
Redo Buffers 4251648 bytes
e.5 备份primary主库（platformdb01上）
[oracle@platformdb01 rman]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Aug 25 10:35:30 2010
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: JMCENTR (DBID=614620766)
RMAN> run {
2> allocate channel d1 device type disk;
3> backup as compressed backupset
4> incremental level=0 format='/rman/inc0_%d_%T_%s_%p'
5> tag='inc0' channel=d1 database;
6> sql "alter system archive log current";
7> backup as compressed backupset
8> format='/rman/arch_%d_%T_%s_%p'
9> tag='arch' channel=d1 archivelog all delete input;
10> backup as compressed backupset
11> format='/rman/ctl_%d_%T_%s_%p'
12> tag='ctl' channel=d1 current controlfile for standby reuse;
13> }
e.6 拷贝primary（platformdb01）备份文件到standby（platformdb02）
[oracle@platformdb01 ~]$ cd /rman/
[oracle@platformdb01 rman]$ scp inc0_JMCENTR_20100825_* platformdb02:/rman/
[oracle@platformdb01 rman]$ scp ctl_JMCENTR_20100825_4_1 platformdb02:/rman/
[oracle@platformdb01 rman]$ scp arch_JMCENTR_20100825_3_1 platformdb02:/rman/
e.7 duplicate primary数据库
RMAN> connect auxiliary sys/XXXX@jmcentr2
connected to auxiliary database: JMCENTR (not mounted)
RMAN> duplicate target database for standby nofilenamecheck;
e.8 恢复standby数据库 （platformdb02）
SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
e.9 standby数据库启动到open read only状态
SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database open read only;
Database altered.
SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
e.10 测试DataGuard
# primary数据库（platformdb01）
SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
# platformdb02
通过命令查看是否有归档日志恢复
[oracle@platformdb02 ~]$ tail -f /u01/oracle/diag/rdbms/uqn_jmcentr2/jmcentr/trace/alert_jmcentr.log
e.11 使用LGWR进程进行primary和standby之间的归档日志传输
#添加standby logfile
e.11.1 standby 添加standby logfile
SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/stb_redo01.dbf') size 104448000 reuse;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/stb_redo02.dbf') size 104448000 reuse;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 8 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/stb_redo03.dbf') size 104448000 reuse;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 9 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/stb_redo04.dbf') size 104448000 reuse;
Database altered.
#查看standby logfile
SQL> select * from v$standby_log;
e.11.2 primary 添加standby logfile
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 6 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/stb_redo01.dbf') size 104448000 reuse;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 7 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/stb_redo02.dbf') size 104448000 reuse;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 8 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/stb_redo03.dbf') size 104448000 reuse;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 9 ('/u02/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/stb_redo04.dbf') size 104448000 reuse;
Database altered.
#查看standby logfile
SQL> select * from v$standby_log;
e.11.3 修改primary和standby的初始化参数log_archive_dest_2
#primary（platformdb01）
[oracle@platformdb01 arch]$ vi /u01/oracle/oracle11g/dbs/initjmcentr.ora
------------------------------------------------
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=jmcentr2 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=uqn_jmcentr2 LGWR SYNC REOPEN=10'
------------------------------------------------
#standby（platformdb02）
[oracle@platformdb02 rman]$ vi /u01/oracle/oracle11g/dbs/initjmcentr.ora
------------------------------------------------
*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=jmcentr1 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=uqn_jmcentr1 LGWR SYNC REOPEN=10'
------------------------------------------------
e.11.4 重启primary和standby数据库
#shutdown
#primary （platformdb01）
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
#standby （platformdb02）
SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
#startup
#primary （platformdb01）
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 425897984 bytes
Fixed Size 2214016 bytes
Variable Size 343934848 bytes
Database Buffers 75497472 bytes
Redo Buffers 4251648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
#standby （platformdb02）
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 425897984 bytes
Fixed Size 2214016 bytes
Variable Size 343934848 bytes
Database Buffers 75497472 bytes
Redo Buffers 4251648 bytes
SQL> alter database mount standby database;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open read only;
Database altered.
SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
e.12 修改参数文件为spfile
e.12.1创建spfile文件
#primary （platformdb01）
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
#standby （platformdb02）
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
e.12.2重启primary和standby数据库
同上
####################################################################
#测试DataGuard数据
#primary
SQL> create table dg_test(sno number,sname varchar(20));
Table created.
SQL> insert into dg_test values(1,'DataGuard');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into dg_test values(2,'primary');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into dg_test values(3,'standby');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> alter system archive log current;
System altered.
#standby
SQL> select * from dg_test;
SNO SNAME
---------- --------------------
1 DataGuard
2 primary
3 standby
####################################################################
#switchover
a. Primary操作
#停止企业管理器
[oracle@platformdb01 arch]$ emctl stop dbconsole
Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control Release 11.2.0.1.0
Copyright (c) 1996, 2009 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
https://platformdb01:1158/em/console/aboutApplication
Stopping Oracle Enterprise Manager 11g Database Control ...
... Stopped.
SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-------------------- ---------------- --------------------
READ WRITE PRIMARY TO STANDBY
注：switchover_status 应为TO STANDBY ，如果不为此状态，就archive log
SQL> select count(*) from v$session where username is not null;
COUNT(*)
----------
1
注：只有自己
#切换primary为standby
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
Database altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01507: database not mounted
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 425897984 bytes
Fixed Size 2214016 bytes
Variable Size 369100672 bytes
Database Buffers 50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers 4251648 bytes
SQL> alter database mount standby database;
Database altered.
b. Standby操作
#切换standby为primary
SQL> select open_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;
OPEN_MODE DATABASE_ROLE SWITCHOVER_STATUS
-------------------- ---------------- --------------------
READ ONLY PHYSICAL STANDBY TO PRIMARY
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
Database altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 425897984 bytes
Fixed Size 2214016 bytes
Variable Size 348129152 bytes
Database Buffers 71303168 bytes
Redo Buffers 4251648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
c. Primary操作
#primary恢复数据，并且open read only
SQL> select open_mode,switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
OPEN_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE
-------------------- -------------------- ----------------
MOUNTED RECOVERY NEEDED PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> select open_mode,switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
OPEN_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE
-------------------- -------------------- ----------------
MOUNTED NOT ALLOWED PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> alter database open read only;
Database altered.
SQL> recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Media recovery complete.
###########################################################
#failover
#standby操作
a. standby切换为primary
SQL> select thread#,low_sequence#,high_sequence# from v$archive_gap;
no rows selected
SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> recover managed standby database finish;
Media recovery complete.
SQL> select open_mode,switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
OPEN_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE
-------------------- -------------------- ----------------
READ ONLY TO PRIMARY PHYSICAL STANDBY
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary;
Database altered.
SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01109: database not open
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
b. 修改参数文件
[oracle@platformdb01 dbs]$ vi initjmcentr.ora
----------------------------------------------
jmcentr.__db_cache_size=75497472
jmcentr.__java_pool_size=4194304
jmcentr.__large_pool_size=4194304
jmcentr.__oracle_base='/u01/oracle'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
jmcentr.__pga_aggregate_target=163577856
jmcentr.__sga_target=264241152
jmcentr.__shared_io_pool_size=0
jmcentr.__shared_pool_size=167772160
jmcentr.__streams_pool_size=4194304
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/oracle/admin/jmcentr/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/control01.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/control02.ctl','/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/control03.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='jmcentr'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4070572032
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/oracle'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=jmcentrXDB)'
*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/rman/arch'
*.log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.dbf'
*.memory_target=427819008
*.open_cursors=300
*.processes=500
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sessions=555
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
#*.db_unique_name=uqn_jmcentr1
#*.log_archive_config='DG_CONFIG=(uqn_jmcentr1,uqn_jmcentr2)'
#*.log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/rman/arch noreopen optional VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=uqn_jmcentr1'
#*.log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=jmcentr2 VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=uqn_jmcentr2 LGWR SYNC REOPEN=10'
*.log_archive_dest_state_1=ENABLE
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=ENABLE
#*.FAL_SERVER='jmcentr2'
#*.FAL_CLIENT='jmcentr1'
#*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT='AUTO'
#*.log_file_name_convert='/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/','/u01/oracle/oradata/jmcentr/'
----------------------------------------------
c. 启动数据库
SQL> startup pfile='/u01/oracle/oracle11g/dbs/initjmcentr.ora'
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 425897984 bytes
Fixed Size 2214016 bytes
Variable Size 343934848 bytes
Database Buffers 75497472 bytes
Redo Buffers 4251648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 425897984 bytes
Fixed Size 2214016 bytes
Variable Size 343934848 bytes
Database Buffers 75497472 bytes
Redo Buffers 4251648 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select open_mode,switchover_status,database_role from v$database;
OPEN_MODE SWITCHOVER_STATUS DATABASE_ROLE
-------------------- -------------------- ----------------
READ WRITE NOT ALLOWED PRIMARY
