Tomcat 6 在 RHEL AS4/ELS5 系统下的安装与自启动的解决办法。

版权: (c) 风之舞原创作品,转载请注明来源 , Inc . 2008-06-08

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写在前面的话：

RedHat Server AS4 系统下并没有自带 Tomcat 的 WEB 容器，RHEL ELS5 系统下自带的 Tomcat 容器也仅为 Tomcat5 ，版本略嫌低了一些，如何在 RHEL AS4/ELS5 系统下安装使用 Tomcat 6 呢，本文将带领大家完成一个 Tomcat6 的安装与自启动的配置过程。

    step 1:）首先，我们需要在系统中安装 Tomcat 服务器组件，在这里我选择的是 Tomcat6.0.16 。       

拷贝 apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz 文件到 /usr/local 目录并展开该软件包。
      # cp apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz /usr/local
      # cd /usr/local
      # tar zxvf apache-tomcat-6.0.16.tar.gz       

在 /usr/local 目录下创建 tomcat6 的链接。
      # ln -s apache-tomcat-6.0.16 tomcat6

    step 2:）创建 tomcat 用户和 tomcat 组。       

创建 tomcat 用户组
      # groupadd tomcat       

创建 tomcat 用户。
      # useradd -d /usr/local/tomcat6 -g tomcat -s /bin/sh tomcat

    step 3:）修改 /usr/local/apache-tomcat-6.0.16 目录及所属文件的用户和用户组属性 。
      # cd /usr/local
      # chown -R tomcat:tomcat apache-tomcat-6.0.16

    step 4:）在 /var/run 目录下创建 Tomcat6 启动进程文件 tomcat6.pid 。
      # cd /var/run
      # cat /dev/null >tomcat6.pid
      # chown tomcat:tomcat tomcat6.pid

    step 5:）在 /etc/init.d 目录下创建 Tomcat6 自启动脚本文件 tomcat6
      # cd /etc/init.d
      # vi tomcat6
      

tomcat6 的文件内容如下：

        #!/bin/bash
        #
        # tomcat6 This shell script takes care of starting and stopping Tomcat
        #
        # chkconfig: - 81 21
        #
        ### BEGIN INIT INFO
        # Provides: tomcat6
        # Required-Start: $network $syslog
        # Required-Stop: $network $syslog
        # Default-Start:
        # Default-Stop:
        # Description: Release implementation for Servlet 2.4 and JSP 2.0
        # Short-Description: start and stop tomcat
        ### END INIT INFO
        #
        # - originally written by Henri Gomez, Keith Irwin, and Nicolas Mailhot
        # - heavily rewritten by Deepak Bhole and Jason Corley
        #
        
        # commented out until the RHEL and FC daemon functions converge
        # Source the function library
        #if [ -r "/etc/rc.d/init.d/functions" ]; then
        #. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
        #fi

        NAME="$(basename $0)"
        unset ISBOOT
        if [ "${NAME:0:1}" = "S" -o "${NAME:0:1}" = "K" ]; then
            NAME="${NAME:3}"
            ISBOOT="1"
        fi

        # For SELinux we need to use 'runuser' not 'su'
        if [ -x "/sbin/runuser" ]; then
            SU="/sbin/runuser"
        else
            SU="su"
        fi

        # Get the tomcat config (use this for environment specific settings)
        TOMCAT_CFG="/usr/local/tomcat6/conf/tomcat6.conf"
        if  [  -r  "$TOMCAT_CFG" ]; then
            .  ${TOMCAT_CFG}
        fi

        # Get instance specific config file
        if [ -r "/etc/sysconfig/${NAME}" ];  then
            . /etc/sysconfig/${NAME}
        fi

        # Define which tomcat home direct
        CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat6"

        # Define which connector port to use
        CONNECTOR_PORT="${CONNECTOR_PORT:-8080}"

        # Path to the tomcat launch script
        TOMCAT_SCRIPT="/usr/local/tomcat6/bin/catalina.sh"

        # Tomcat program name
        TOMCAT_PROG="$NAME"

        # Define the tomcat username
        TOMCAT_USER="${TOMCAT_USER:-tomcat}"

        # Define the tomcat log file
        TOMCAT_LOG="${TOMCAT_LOG:-/usr/local/tomcat6/logs/catalina.out}"

        RETVAL="0"

        # remove when the RHEL and FC daemon functions converge
        # (pulled from /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions)
        function checkpid()  {
            local i
            for i in $* ; do
                if [ -d "/proc/${i}" ]; then
                    return 0
                fi
            done
            return 1
        }

        # remove when the RHEL and FC daemon functions converge
        # (pulled from /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions)
        function echo_failure() {
            echo -en "\\033[60G"
            echo -n "[ "
            echo -n $"FAILED"
            echo -n " ]"
            echo -ne "\r"
            return 1
        }

        # remove when the RHEL and FC daemon functions converge
        # (pulled from /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions)
        function echo_success() {
            echo -en "\\033[60G"
            echo -n "[ "
            echo -n $"OK"
            echo -n " ]"
            echo -ne "\r"
            return 0
        }

        # Look for open ports, as the function name might imply
        function findFreePorts() {
            local isSet1="false"
            local isSet2="false"
            local isSet3="false"
            local lower="8000"
            randomPort1="0"
            randomPort2="0"
            randomPort3="0"
            local -a listeners="( $(
                        netstat -ntl | \
                        awk '/^tcp/ {gsub("(.)*:", "", $4); print $4}'
                    ) )"
            while [ "$isSet1" = "false" ] || \
              [ "$isSet2" = "false" ] || \
              [ "$isSet3" = "false" ]; do
                let port="${lower}+${RANDOM:0:4}"
                if [ -z `expr " ${listeners[*]} " : ".*\( $port \).*"` ]; then
                    if [ "$isSet1" = "false" ]; then
                        export randomPort1="$port"
                        isSet1="true"
                    elif [ "$isSet2" = "false" ]; then
                        export randomPort2="$port"
                        isSet2="true"
                    elif [ "$isSet3" = "false" ]; then
                        export randomPort3="$port"
                        isSet3="true"
                    fi
                fi
            done
        }

        function parseOptions() {
            options=""
            options="$options $(
                awk '!/^#/ && !/^$/ { ORS=" "; print "export ", $0, ";" }' \
                $TOMCAT_CFG
            )"
            if [ -r "/etc/sysconfig/${NAME}" ]; then
                options="$options $(
                    awk '!/^#/ && !/^$/ { ORS=" ";
                        print "export ", $0, ";" }' \
                    /etc/sysconfig/${NAME}
                )"
            fi
            TOMCAT_SCRIPT="$options $TOMCAT_SCRIPT"
        }
        # See how we were called.
        function start() {
            echo -n "Starting ${TOMCAT_PROG}: "
            if [ -f "/var/lock/subsys/${NAME}" ] ; then
                if [ -f "/var/run/${NAME}.pid" ]; then
                    read kpid < /var/run/${NAME}.pid
                    if checkpid $kpid 2>&1; then
                        echo "$NAME process already running"
                        return -1
                    else
                        echo "lock file found but no process running for"
                        echo "pid $kpid, continuing"
                    fi
                fi
            fi
            export CATALINA_PID="/var/run/${NAME}.pid"
            touch $CATALINA_PID
            chown ${TOMCAT_USER}:${TOMCAT_USER} $CATALINA_PID
            if [ "$CATALINA_HOME" != "/usr/local/tomcat6" ]; then
                # If CATALINA_HOME doesn't exist modify port number so that
                # multiple instances don't interfere with each other
                findFreePorts
                sed -i -e "s/8005/${randomPort1}/g" -e "s/8080/${CONNECTOR_PORT}/g" \
                    -e "s/8009/${randomPort2}/g" -e "s/8443/${randomPort3}/g" \
                ${CATALINA_HOME}/conf/server.xml
            fi
            $SU - $TOMCAT_USER -c "$TOMCAT_SCRIPT start" >> $TOMCAT_LOG 2>&1
            RETVAL="$?"
            if [ "$RETVAL" -eq 0 ]; then
                echo_success
                touch /var/lock/subsys/${NAME}
            else
                echo_failure
            fi
            echo
            return $RETVAL
        }

        function status() {
            RETVAL="1"
            if [ -f "/var/run/${NAME}.pid" ]; then
                read kpid < /var/run/${NAME}.pid
                if checkpid $kpid 2>&1; then
                    echo "$0 is already running (${kpid})"
                    RETVAL="0"
                else
                    echo "$0 is running for pid $kpid"
                fi
            else
                pid="$(pgrep -u tomcat java)"
                if [ -n "$pid" ]; then
                    echo "$0 running (${pid}) but no PID file exists"
                    RETVAL="0"
                else
                    echo "$0 is stopped"
                fi
            fi
            return $RETVAL
        }

        function stop() {
            local STOP_VERBOSE="false"
            echo -n "Stopping $TOMCAT_PROG: "
            if [ -f "/var/lock/subsys/${NAME}" ]; then
                $SU - $TOMCAT_USER -c "$TOMCAT_SCRIPT stop" >> $TOMCAT_LOG 2>&1
                RETVAL="$?"
                if [ "$RETVAL" -eq "0" ]; then
                    count="0"
                    if [ -f "/var/run/${NAME}.pid" ]; then
                        read kpid < /var/run/${NAME}.pid
                        until [ "$(ps --pid $kpid | grep -c $kpid)" -eq "0" ] || \
                            [ "$count" -gt "$SHUTDOWN_WAIT" ]; do
                            if [ "$STOP_VERBOSE" = "true" ]; then
                                echo -n -e "\nwaiting for processes $kpid to exit"
                            fi
                            sleep 1
                            let count="${count}+1"
                        done
                        if [ "$count" -gt "$SHUTDOWN_WAIT" ]; then
                            if [ "$STOP_VERBOSE" = "true" ]; then
                                echo -n -e "\nkilling processes which didn't stop"
                                echo -n -e "after "
                                echo -n "$SHUTDOWN_WAIT seconds"
                            fi
                            kill -9 $kpid
                        fi
                        echo_success
                        if [ "$count" -gt "0" ]; then
                            echo -n -e "\n"
                        fi
                    fi
                    rm -f /var/lock/subsys/$NAME /var/run/$NAME.pid
                else
                    echo_failure
                fi
            fi
        }


        # See how we were called.
        case "$1" in

                parseOptions
                start
                ;;
            stop)
                parseOptions
                stop
                ;;
            restart)
                parseOptions
                stop
                sleep 2
                start
                ;;
            condrestart)
                if [ -f "/var/run/${NAME}.pid" ]; then
                    parseOptions
                    stop
                    start
                fi
                ;;
            status)
                status
                ;;
            version)
                parseOptions
                "${JAVA_HOME}/bin/java" \
                    -classpath "${CATALINA_HOME}/server/lib/catalina.jar" \
                        org.apache.catalina.util.ServerInfo
                ;;
            *)
                echo "Usage: $TOMCAT_PROG {start|stop|restart|condrestart|status|version}"
                exit 1
        esac

        exit $RETVAL

    step 6:）将 tomcat6 自启动服务加入到系统的 xinit 服务进程中：
    # chkconfig tomcat6 on

    step 7:）在 /usr/local/tomcat6/conf 目录下创建 tomcat6 启动环境参数配置文件 tomcat6.conf ，并修改其属主关系为 tomcat 用户和 tomcat 用户组。
    # cd /usr/local/tomcat6/conf
    # vi tomcat6.conf       

tomcat6.conf 的文件内容如下：

        # tomcat6 service configuration file

        # you could also override JAVA_HOME here
        # Where your java installation lives
        # JAVA_HOME="/usr/lib/jvm/java"
        JAVA_HOME="/opt/ibm/java2-i386-50"
        JRE_HOME="/opt/ibm/java2-i386-50/jre"
        
        # Where your tomcat installation lives
        # That change from previous RPM where TOMCAT_HOME
        # used to be /var/tomcat.
        # Now /var/tomcat will be the base for webapps only
        CATALINA_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat6"
        JASPER_HOME="/usr/local/tomcat6"
        CATALINA_TMPDIR="/usr/local/tomcat6/temp"
        #JAVA_ENDORSED_DIRS="/usr/share/tomcat5/common/endorsed"
        
        # You can pass some parameters to java
        # here if you wish to
        #JAVA_OPTS="-Xminf0.1 -Xmaxf0.3"
        
        # Use JAVA_OPTS to set java.library.path for libtcnative.so
        #JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=/usr/lib
        
        # Bug 190:
        #
        # System property catalina.ext.dirs should be set to its default value
        # for ExtensionValidator to be functional.
        JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Dcatalina.ext.dirs=$CATALINA_HOME/shared/lib:$CATALINA_HOME/common/lib"
        
        # What user should run tomcat
        TOMCAT_USER="tomcat"
        
        # You can change your tomcat locale here
        #LANG=en_US
        
        # Time to wait in seconds, before killing process
        SHUTDOWN_WAIT=30
        
        # Set the TOMCAT_PID location
        CATALINA_PID=/var/run/tomcat6.pid
        
        # Connector port is 8080 for this tomcat6 instance
        #CONNECTOR_PORT=8080
        
        # If you wish to further customize your tomcat environment,
        # put your own definitions here
        # (i.e. LD_LIBRARY_PATH for some jdbc drivers)
        # Just do not forget to export them :)

      # chmod tomcat:tomcat tomcat6.conf

    step 8:）将如下内容加入到 /usr/local/tomcat6/conf/tomcat-users.xml 文件的 节中。

    step 9:）修改 /usr/local/tomcat6/bin/catalina.sh 文件内容如下：       

在文件 /usr/local/tomcat6/bin/catalina.sh 中找到如下语句：

        # Only set CATALINA_HOME if not already set
        [ -z "$CATALINA_HOME" ] && CATALINA_HOME=`cd "$PRGDIR/.." ; pwd`

        if [ -r "$CATALINA_BASE"/bin/setenv.sh ]; then
            . "$CATALINA_BASE"/bin/setenv.sh
        elif [ -r "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setenv.sh ]; then
            . "$CATALINA_HOME"/bin/setenv.sh
        fi

      大约在第 107 ~ 108 行的位置。       

在其下面加入如下内容：

        if [ -z "$CATALINA_PID" ]; then
            export CATALINA_PID=/var/run/tomcat6.pid
        fi

    step 10:）安装 JDK （本例子中我采用的是 IBM 公司的 JDK 1.5 ，安装包的文件名为 ibm-java2-i386-sdk-5.0-6.0.i386.rpm）。       

安装 IBM JDK 1.5 软件包
      # rpm -ivh ibm-java2-i386-sdk-5.0-6.0.i386.rpm       

配置 JAVA 环境变量（根据您使用的 shell 不同，修改 ~/.bashrc 或 ~/.cshrc 或 ~/.profile 文件） 。
      （BASH）
      # vi .bashrc
      （环境参数内容如下）

      export JAVA_HOME=/opt/ibm/java2-i386-50
      export JAVACMD=$JAVA_HOME/bin/java
      export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
      export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
      export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools/jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar

      （CSH）
      # vi .cshrc
      （环境参数内容如下）

      setenv JAVA_HOME "/opt/ibm/java2-i386-50"
      setenv JAVACMD "/opt/ibm/java2-i386-50/bin/java"
      setenv JRE_HOME "/opt/ibm/java2-i386-50"
      setenv PATH "$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH"
      setenv CLASSPATH "$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools/jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar"

      至此，所有的安装工作均已经完成，重新启动机器后，tomcat6 就已经随系统而启动了。

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备注：

tomcat6 的文件权限必须为 755

tomcat6.conf 文件的用户和用户组的属主关系必须是 tomcat 用户和 tomcat 用户组

tomcat6 和 tomcat6.conf 文件我已经写好，可以直接从光盘的 tomcat6/ 目录下拷贝使用，不必再自己编写，但应该注意 tomcat6 文件应拷贝到 /etc/init.d 目录下，而 tomcat6.conf 文件应该拷贝到 /usr/local/tomca6/conf 目录下。

tomcat6 和 tomcat6.conf 文件中的 JAVA_HOME 环境变量可根据自己的 JDK 的安装目录自行调整，由于本例子中我使用的是 IBM 公司的 JDK 1.5 ，安装目录在 /opt/ibm/java2-i386-50 ，因此我在本例中的 JAVA_HOME 配置为 JAVA_HOME="/opt/ibm/java2-i386-50"

如果经过上述操作后，您依然无法通过浏览器访问您的 tomcat6 WEB 服务器，请检查您的防火墙设置。