一、软中断注册和硬中断类似,软中断也有类似的中断向量表,只不过是用“软件”实现的。
struct softirq_action softirq_vec[32]是软中断向量表
(文件linux_2_6_24/kernel/softirq.c)
- struct softirq_action
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{
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void (*action)(struct softirq_action *); //钩子函数
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void *data; //钩子函数的形参
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};
内核用到的中断向量(其实就是数组下标)如下所示
(文件linux_2_6_24/include/linux/interrupt.h)
- enum{
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HI_SOFTIRQ=0, //高优先级的tasklet
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TIMER_SOFTIRQ, //内核定时器
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NET_TX_SOFTIRQ, //网络发送
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NET_RX_SOFTIRQ, //网络接收
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BLOCK_SOFTIRQ, //???
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TASKLET_SOFTIRQ, //普通的tasklet
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SCHED_SOFTIRQ
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}
内核注册一个软中断用函数,本质上就是就是初始化数组某一元素
- void open_softirq(int nr, void (*action)(struct softirq_action*), void *data)
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{ //nr 即软中断向量编号
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softirq_vec[nr].data = data;
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softirq_vec[nr].action = action;
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}
内核注册软中断的地方有:
- start_kernel()
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-->init_timers()
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-->open_softirq(TIMER_SOFTIRQ,run_timer_softirq,NULL)
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-->softirq_init()
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-->open_softirq(TASKLET_SOFTIRQ, tasklet_action,NULL)
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-->open_softirq(HI_SOFTIRQ,tasklet_hi_action,NULL)
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-->do_initcall()
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-->net_dev_init()
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-->open_softirq(NET_TX_SOFTIRQ, net_tx_action, NULL);
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-->open_softirq(NET_RX_SOFTIRQ, net_rx_action, NULL);
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-->blk_dev_init()
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-->open_softirq(BLOCK_SOFTIRQ, blk_done_softirq,NULL)
二、软中断触发前面注册完了,现在开始触发。
内核用一个数据结构来标记曾经有“软中断”发生过(或者说成软中断被触发过)
__softirq_pending 共32bit,即每个bit对应软中断的一个向量,实际使用了6个bit
第n个bit置1,即softirq_vec[n]有软中断发生。
- typedef struct {
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unsigned int __softirq_pending; /* set_bit is used on this */
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unsigned int __last_jiffy_stamp;
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} ____cacheline_aligned irq_cpustat_t;
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extern irq_cpustat_t irq_stat[]; /* defined in asm/hardirq.h */
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#define __IRQ_STAT(cpu, member) (irq_stat[cpu].member)
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#define local_softirq_pending() \
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__IRQ_STAT(smp_processor_id(), __softirq_pending)
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#define set_softirq_pending(x) (local_softirq_pending() = (x))
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#define or_softirq_pending(x) (local_softirq_pending() |= (x))
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#define __raise_softirq_irqoff(nr) do { or_softirq_pending(1UL << (nr)); } while (0)
常用的软中断触发函数
- void raise_softirq_irqoff(int nr){ //nr 即软中断向量编号
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__raise_softirq_irqoff(nr);
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}
但这只是“触发”软中断,软中断并不会立即被处理
三、软中断处理函数_ _do_softirq是
一次性按照向量表从高到低循环处理所有软中断(潜台词,软中断不可嵌套)
_ _do_softirq()的调用时机:
1.
irq_exit() 硬件中断处理完,返回时调用
- do_IRQ() -->irq_exit()
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-->local_softirq_pending()
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-->_ _do_softirq()
2.
ksoftirqd() 内核进程
- start_kernel() --> kernel_init() -->do_pre_smp_initcalls()
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-->spawn_ksoftirqd() -->cpu_callback()
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-->kthread_create(ksoftirqd, hcpu, "ksoftirqd/%d", hotcpu)
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-->ksoftirqd()
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-->local_softirq_pending()
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-->_ _do_softirq()
3.
local_bh_enable()时,发现有待处理的软中断且当时没处在软硬中断上下文中
- local_bh_enable()
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-->local_softirq_pending()
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-->_ _do_softirq()
处理过程代码详解
- asmlinkage void __do_softirq(void)
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{
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struct softirq_action *h;
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__u32 pending;
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int max_restart = MAX_SOFTIRQ_RESTART;
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int cpu;
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pending = local_softirq_pending();
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account_system_vtime(current);
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/*软中断处理中,禁止软中断再次进入,软中断处理是不可重入的*/
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__local_bh_disable((unsigned long)__builtin_return_address(0));
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trace_softirq_enter();
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cpu = smp_processor_id();
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restart:
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/* Reset the pending bitmask before enabling irqs
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下面首先清除pending,以便系统可以激活其它软件中断,
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然后使能外部中断
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系统在下面的处理中,将使能外部中断以提高系统的响应,
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注意,必须先清除pending,再使能外部中断,否则死锁*/
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set_softirq_pending(0);
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local_irq_enable();
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h = softirq_vec;
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/*下面按照从高到低调用open_softirq注册的句柄*/
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do {
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if (pending & 1) {
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h->action(h); //关键的一句,tasklet、内核timer、网络中断都是在这里搞的
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rcu_bh_qsctr_inc(cpu);
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}
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h++;
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pending >>= 1;
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} while (pending);
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local_irq_disable();
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pending = local_softirq_pending();
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if (pending && --max_restart)
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goto restart;
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if (pending)
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wakeup_softirqd();
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trace_softirq_exit();
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account_system_vtime(current);
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_local_bh_enable();
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}
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