分类: Mysql/postgreSQL
2010-08-02 22:26:04
5)当隔离级别为READ COMMITTED时,如果两个线程都先执行SELECT...FOR UPDATE,判断是否存在符合条件的记录,如果没有,就插入记录。此时,只有一个线程能插入成功,另一个线程会出现锁等待,当第1个线程提交后,第2个线程会因主键重出错,但虽然这个线程出错了,却会获得一个排他锁!这时如果有第3个线程又来申请排他锁,也会出现死锁。
对于这种情况,可以直接做插入操作,然后再捕获主键重异常,或者在遇到主键重错误时,总是执行ROLLBACK释放获得的排他锁,如表20-21所示。
表20-21 InnoDB存储引擎中隔离级别引起的死锁例子2
session_1 | session_2 | session_3 |
mysql> select @@tx_isolation; +----------------+ | @@tx_isolation | +----------------+ | READ-COMMITTED | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) | mysql> select @@tx_isolation; +----------------+ | @@tx_isolation | +----------------+ | READ-COMMITTED | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) | mysql> select @@tx_isolation; +----------------+ | @@tx_isolation | +----------------+ | READ-COMMITTED | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set autocommit=0; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) |
Session_1获得for update的共享锁: mysql> select actor_id, first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 201 for update; Empty set (0.00 sec) | 由于记录不存在,session_2也可以获得for update的共享锁: mysql> select actor_id, first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 201 for update; Empty set (0.00 sec) | |
Session_1可以成功插入记录: mysql> insert into actor (actor_id,first_name,last_name) values(201,'Lisa','Tom'); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) | ||
Session_2插入申请等待获得锁: mysql> insert into actor (actor_id,first_name,last_name) values(201,'Lisa','Tom'); 等待 | ||
Session_1成功提交: mysql> commit; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec) | ||
Session_2获得锁,发现插入记录主键重,这个时候抛出了异常,但是并没有释放共享锁: mysql> insert into actor (actor_id,first_name,last_name) values(201,'Lisa','Tom'); ERROR 1062 (23000): Duplicate entry '201' for key 'PRIMARY' | ||
Session_3申请获得共享锁,因为session_2已经锁定该记录,所以session_3需要等待: mysql> select actor_id, first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 201 for update; 等待 | ||
这个时候,如果session_2直接对记录进行更新操作,则会抛出死锁的异常: mysql> update actor set last_name='Lan' where actor_id = 201; ERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting transaction | ||
Session_2释放锁后,session_3获得锁: mysql> select first_name, last_name from actor where actor_id = 201 for update; +------------+-----------+ | first_name | last_name | +------------+-----------+ | Lisa | Tom | +------------+-----------+ 1 row in set (31.12 sec) |
尽管通过上面介绍的设计和SQL优化等措施,可以大大减少死锁,但死锁很难完全避免。因此,在程序设计中总是捕获并处理死锁异常是一个很好的编程习惯。
如果出现死锁,可以用SHOW INNODB STATUS命令来确定最后一个死锁产生的原因。返回结果中包括死锁相关事务的详细信息,如引发死锁的SQL语句,事务已经获得的锁,正在等待什么锁,以及被回滚的事务等。据此可以分析死锁产生的原因和改进措施。下面是一段SHOW INNODB STATUS输出的样例:
mysql> show innodb status \G
…….
------------------------
LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK
------------------------
070710 14:05:16
*** (1) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 0 117470078, ACTIVE 117 sec, process no 1468, OS thread id 1197328736 inserting
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 5 lock struct(s), heap size 1216
MySQL thread id 7521657, query id 673468054 localhost root update
insert into country (country_id,country) values(110,'Test')
………
*** (2) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 0 117470079, ACTIVE 39 sec, process no 1468, OS thread id 1164048736 starting index read, thread declared inside InnoDB 500
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
4 lock struct(s), heap size 1216, undo log entries 1
MySQL thread id 7521664, query id 673468058 localhost root statistics
select first_name,last_name from actor where actor_id = 1 for update
*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):
………
*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
………
*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (1)