用CEDET浏览和编辑C++代码(续) – 使用Emacs 23.2内置的CEDET

作者:

1 前言

今天，emacs-23.2发布了，最大的改变就是集成进了CEDET，所以有了这个续， 介绍下build in CEDET和offical CEDET的区别，以及内置CEDET缺少某些功能的替代方案。

PS1：虽然现在官方release版本是1.0pre7，内置的CEDET用cedet-version命令看输入也是1.0pre7，可我总感 觉内置的CEDET用起来比官方版本慢很多，我猜想内置的CEDET可能没升级到1.0pre7的release。

PS2：内置CEDET不支持emacs-lisp语言了，没想明白是为什么。

2 semantic配置

2.1 基本配置

官方的CEDET通过semantic-load-enable-minimum-features等几个函数来启动，而内置的CEDET增加了一个单独 的minor mode，即semantic-mode，可以通过(semantic-mode)命令来Enable或Disable。

(semantic-mode)是通过semantic-default-submodes这个变量来决定启用哪些minor mode，默认的semantic-default-submodes包含了下面两个minor mode：

• global-semantic-idle-scheduler-mode
• global-semanticdb-minor-mode

根据(semantic-mode)的文档，semantic-default-submodes里可以设置下面这些minor mode：

• global-semanticdb-minor-mode
• global-semantic-idle-scheduler-mode
• global-semantic-idle-summary-mode
• global-semantic-idle-completions-mode
• global-semantic-decoration-mode
• global-semantic-highlight-func-mode
• global-semantic-stickyfunc-mode
• global-semantic-mru-bookmark-mode

可以根据自己的需要设置，比如我开启了下面4个minor mode：

^? LISP

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(setq semantic-default-submodes '(global-semantic-idle-scheduler-mode global-semanticdb-minor-mode global-semantic-idle-summary-mode global-semantic-mru-bookmark-mode)) (semantic-mode 1)

另外，emacs-23.2的Tools菜单下下新增了”Source Code Parsers (Semantic)”菜单项，可以通过这个菜单项来Enable和Disable semantic-mode，和命令(semantic-mode)的功能是一样的。

此外，官方CEDET里还有其它一些minor mode，现在基本上都还可以用，比如我还打开了下面几个：

^? LISP

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(global-semantic-highlight-edits-mode (if window-system 1 -1)) (global-semantic-show-unmatched-syntax-mode 1) (global-semantic-show-parser-state-mode 1)

关于system-include-dir的设置，还和以前一样：

^? LISP

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(defconst user-include-dirs (list ".." "../include" "../inc" "../common" "../public" "../.." "../../include" "../../inc" "../../common" "../../public")) (defconst win32-include-dirs (list "C:/MinGW/include" "C:/MinGW/include/c++/3.4.5" "C:/MinGW/include/c++/3.4.5/mingw32" "C:/MinGW/include/c++/3.4.5/backward" "C:/MinGW/lib/gcc/mingw32/3.4.5/include" "C:/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio/VC98/MFC/Include")) (let ((include-dirs user-include-dirs)) (when (eq system-type 'windows-nt) (setq include-dirs (append include-dirs win32-include-dirs))) (mapc (lambda (dir) (semantic-add-system-include dir 'c++-mode) (semantic-add-system-include dir 'c-mode)) include-dirs))

2.2 代码跳转

代码跳转和官方版本一样还是用semantic-ia-fast-jump命令，不过在emacs-23.2里直接用这个命令可能会报下面的错误：

^? TEXT

semantic-ia--fast-jump-helper: Symbol's function definition is void: semantic-analyze-tag-references

这可能是emacs的bug，semantic-analyze-tag-references这个函数是定义在semantic/analyze /refs.el这个文件中的，而semantic/ia.el里写的是(eval-when-compile (require ’semantic/analyze/refs))，所以运行时这个feature没被load进来，我们需要自己load一下：

^? LISP

(require 'semantic/analyze/refs)

另外，官方CEDET里semantic-ia-fast-jump后可以通过命令semantic-mrub-switch-tags来回到曾经跳转过 的地方，不过在emacs-23.2里会提示：

Semantic Bookmark ring is currently empty

这是因为semantic-ia-fast-jump会用函数push-mark把跳过的地方放到mark ring里去，官方CEDET通过定义push-mark的advice把它也放到了semantic-mru-bookmark-ring里 去，semantic-mrub-switch-tags就是从semantic-mru-bookmark-ring来找位置的，但build in的CEDET里把push-mark的advice去掉了，所以semantic-mru-bookmark-ring总是空的，我的办法是把官方 CEDET里对push-mark的device拷贝到我的.emacs中来：

^? LISP

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(defadvice push-mark (around semantic-mru-bookmark activate) "Push a mark at LOCATION with NOMSG and ACTIVATE passed to `push-mark'. If `semantic-mru-bookmark-mode' is active, also push a tag onto the mru bookmark stack." (semantic-mrub-push semantic-mru-bookmark-ring (point) 'mark) ad-do-it)

这样，我以前写的semantic-ia-fast-jump-back函数也能用了：

^? LISP

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(defun semantic-ia-fast-jump-back () (interactive) (if (ring-empty-p (oref semantic-mru-bookmark-ring ring)) (error "Semantic Bookmark ring is currently empty")) (let* ((ring (oref semantic-mru-bookmark-ring ring)) (alist (semantic-mrub-ring-to-assoc-list ring)) (first (cdr (car alist)))) (if (semantic-equivalent-tag-p (oref first tag) (semantic-current-tag)) (setq first (cdr (car (cdr alist))))) (semantic-mrub-switch-tags first)))

对这个函数需要说明一下：网友fangzhzh提过可以用C-u C-space来跳回原来的mark，说可以用C-x C-x来跳回，可我测试这两个按键好像跳得都有点乱，不能和semantic-ia-fast-jump的位置对应。我估计是这两个key是跳回 push-mark函数mark的位置，而push-mark不光CEDET用。我的需求是只跳回semantic-ia-fast-jump曾经到过的 地方，所以仍然保留了这个函数。

我的习惯还是绑定到F12上：

^? LISP

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(defun semantic-ia-fast-jump-or-back (&optional back) (interactive "P") (if back (semantic-ia-fast-jump-back) (semantic-ia-fast-jump (point)))) (define-key semantic-mode-map [f12] 'semantic-ia-fast-jump-or-back) (define-key semantic-mode-map [C-f12] 'semantic-ia-fast-jump-or-back) (define-key semantic-mode-map [S-f12] 'semantic-ia-fast-jump-back)

这儿多出来个semantic-ia-fast-jump-or-back函数，是因为我有时候在putty里操作远程的emacs，putty里用不了 S-f12这个key，所以我把f12绑定到semantic-ia-fast-jump-or-back上，这样我可以在putty里通过C-u f12来跳回。

以前的semantic-analyze-proto-impl-toggle命令还能用：

^? LISP

(define-key semantic-mode-map [M-S-f12] 'semantic-analyze-proto-impl-toggle)

2.3 代码补全

官方版本里可以用命令semantic-ia-complete-symbol-menu弹出semantic的补全菜单，不过这个命令在内置的 CEDET里不存在了(可能是因为emacs官方版本认为这个命令只在GUI下能用，不够通用吧)。

不过，内置的CEDET倒是可以通过命令complete-symbol(默认绑定到ESC-TAB)在另一个buffer里显示可能补全的内容，像这 样：

semantic的complete-symbol

如果还希望能使用补全菜单，可以使用其它插件，比如auto-complete或company-mode：company-mode-0.5已经可以支 持emacs内置的CEDET了；auto-complete-1.2对内置CEDET的支持还有些问题，关于如何配置auto-complete- 1.2让它支持内置的CEDET，我准备另外写文章介绍。

3 EDE配置

ede和官方版本没有区别，仍然用(global-ede-mode t)启用就行了；不过emacs-23.3的Tools菜单下新增了”Project support (EDE)”菜单项，可以完成global-ede-mode一样的功能。

4 其它

4.1 可视化书签

官方CEDET里的visual-studio-bookmarks在内置的CEDET里没有了，所以我现在使用了。

4.2 pulse

pulse的功能在内置CEDET里还存在，不过官方CEDET里可以用pulse-toggle-integration-advice函数来切换 pulse，在内置CEDET里这个函数消失了，现在的办法是设置pulse-command-advice-flag变量来切换：

^? LISP

(setq pulse-command-advice-flag (if window-system 1 nil))

另外，官方版本里对下面这些函数设置了pulse的device：

• goto-line
• exchange-point-and-mark
• find-tag
• tags-search
• tags-loop-continue
• pop-tag-mark
• imenu-default-goto-function

内置版本里这些device都没了，所以我直接把官方版本里的advice拷贝过来了：

^? LISP

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(defadvice goto-line (after pulse-advice activate) "Cause the line that is `goto'd to pulse when the cursor gets there." (when (and pulse-command-advice-flag (interactive-p)) (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point)))) (defadvice exchange-point-and-mark (after pulse-advice activate) "Cause the line that is `goto'd to pulse when the cursor gets there." (when (and pulse-command-advice-flag (interactive-p) (> (abs (- (point) (mark))) 400)) (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point)))) (defadvice find-tag (after pulse-advice activate) "After going to a tag, pulse the line the cursor lands on." (when (and pulse-command-advice-flag (interactive-p)) (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point)))) (defadvice tags-search (after pulse-advice activate) "After going to a hit, pulse the line the cursor lands on." (when (and pulse-command-advice-flag (interactive-p)) (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point)))) (defadvice tags-loop-continue (after pulse-advice activate) "After going to a hit, pulse the line the cursor lands on." (when (and pulse-command-advice-flag (interactive-p)) (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point)))) (defadvice pop-tag-mark (after pulse-advice activate) "After going to a hit, pulse the line the cursor lands on." (when (and pulse-command-advice-flag (interactive-p)) (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point)))) (defadvice imenu-default-goto-function (after pulse-advice activate) "After going to a tag, pulse the line the cursor lands on." (when pulse-command-advice-flag (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point))))

另外，我还喜欢对下面这些函数定义pulse：

^? LISP

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(defadvice cua-exchange-point-and-mark (after pulse-advice activate) "Cause the line that is `goto'd to pulse when the cursor gets there." (when (and pulse-command-advice-flag (interactive-p) (> (abs (- (point) (mark))) 400)) (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point)))) (defadvice switch-to-buffer (after pulse-advice activate) "After switch-to-buffer, pulse the line the cursor lands on." (when (and pulse-command-advice-flag (interactive-p)) (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point)))) (defadvice previous-buffer (after pulse-advice activate) "After previous-buffer, pulse the line the cursor lands on." (when (and pulse-command-advice-flag (interactive-p)) (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point)))) (defadvice next-buffer (after pulse-advice activate) "After next-buffer, pulse the line the cursor lands on." (when (and pulse-command-advice-flag (interactive-p)) (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point)))) (defadvice ido-switch-buffer (after pulse-advice activate) "After ido-switch-buffer, pulse the line the cursor lands on." (when (and pulse-command-advice-flag (interactive-p)) (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point)))) (defadvice beginning-of-buffer (after pulse-advice activate) "After beginning-of-buffer, pulse the line the cursor lands on." (when (and pulse-command-advice-flag (interactive-p)) (pulse-momentary-highlight-one-line (point))))

4.3 h/cpp切换

官方CEDET里的eassist.el没有了，所以eassist-switch-h-cpp也没了，现在我用代替，sourcepair比eassist-switch-h-cpp更好用。

4.4 代码折叠

semantic-tag-folding.el没有了，可我没找到其它更好的替代方案，所以我把官方CEDET里的semantic-tag- folding.el拷过来了，只需要把文件中(require ’semantic-decorate-mode)替换成(require ’semantic/decorate/mode)就能像以前一样用了。

以前的senator-fold-tag功能还可以使用。

最后插播个广告，我关于内置CEDET的配置(最后那部分)：