mkimage

mkimage使用详解 （-a 和 –c参数指定的地址异同的差别）uboot源代码的tools/目录下有mkimage工具，这个工具可以用来制作不压缩或者压缩的多种可启动映象文件。mkimage在制作映象文件的时候，是在原来的可执行映象文件的前面加上一个0x40字节的头，记录参数所指定的信息，这样uboot才能识别这个映象是针对哪个CPU体系结构的，哪个OS的，哪种类型，加载内存中的哪个位置， 入口点在内存的那个位置以及映象名是什么root@Glym:/tftpboot# ./mkimageUsage: ./mkimage -l image-l ==> list image header information./mkimage -A arch -O os -T type -C comp -a addr -e ep -n name -d data_file[:data_file...] image-A ==> set architecture to 'arch'-O ==> set operating system to 'os'-T ==> set image type to 'type'-C ==> set compression type 'comp'-a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)-e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)-n ==> set image name to 'name'-d ==> use image data from 'datafile'-x ==> set XIP (execute in place)参数说明：-A 指定CPU的体系结构：取值 表示的体系结构alpha Alphaarm A RMx86 Intel x86ia64 IA64mips MIPSmips64 MIPS 64 Bitppc PowerPCs390 IBM S390sh SuperHsparc SPARCsparc64 SPARC 64 Bitm68k MC68000-O 指定操作系统类型，可以取以下值：openbsd、netbsd、freebsd、4_4bsd、linux、svr4、esix、solaris、irix、sco、dell、ncr、lynxos、vxworks、psos、qnx、u-boot、rtems、artos-T 指定映象类型，可以取以下值：standalone、kernel、ramdisk、multi、firmware、script、filesystem-C 指定映象压缩方式，可以取以下值：none 不压缩gzip 用gzip的压缩方式bzip2 用bzip2的压缩方式-a 指定映象在内存中的加载地址，映象下载到内存中时，要按照用mkimage制作映象时，这个参数所指定的地址值来下载-e 指定映象运行的入口点地址，这个地址就是-a参数指定的值加上0x40（因为前面有个mkimage添加的0x40个字节的头）-n 指定映象名-d 指定制作映象的源文件U-BOOT下使用bootm引导内核方法一、在开始之前先说明一下bootm相关的东西。1、 首先说明一下，S3C2410架构下的bootm只对sdram中的内核镜像文件进行操作(好像AT91架构提供了一段从flash复制内核镜像的代码， 不过针对s3c2410架构就没有这段代码，虽然可以在u-boot下添加这段代码，不过好像这个用处不大)，所以请确保你的内核镜像下载到sdram 中，或者在bootcmd下把flash中的内核镜像复制到sdram中。2、-a参数后是内核的运行地址，-e参数后是入口地址。3、1）如果我们没用mkimage对内核进行处理的话，那直接把内核下载到0x30008000再运行就行，内核会自解压运行（不过内核运行需要一个tag来传递参数，而这个tag建议是由bootloader提供的，在u-boot下默认是由bootm命令建立的）。2）如果使用mkimage生成内核镜像文件的话，会在内核的前头加上了64byte的信息，供建立tag之用。bootm命令会首先判断bootm xxxx 这个指定的地址xxxx是否与-a指定的加载地址相同。(1)如果不同的话会从这个地址开始提取出这个64byte的头部，对其进行分析，然后把去掉头部的内核复制到-a指定的load地址中去运行之(2)如果相同的话那就让其原封不同的放在那，但-e指定的入口地址会推后64byte，以跳过这64byte的头部。二、好，接着介绍使用mkimage生成镜像文件并下载运行的方法。方法一、1、首先，用u-boot/tools/mkimage这个工具为你的内核加上u-boot引导所需要的文件头，具体做法如下：[root@localhost tftpboot]#mkimage -n 'linux-2.6.14' -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x30008000 -e 0x30008000 -d zImage zImage.imgImage Name: linux-2.6.14Created: Fri Jan 12 17:14:50 2007Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)Data Size: 1262504 Bytes = 1232.91 kB = 1.20 MBLoad Address: 0x30008000Entry Point: 0x30008000这里解释一下参数的意义：-A ==> set architecture to 'arch'-O ==> set operating system to 'os'-T ==> set image type to 'type'-C ==> set compression type 'comp'-a ==> set load address to 'addr' (hex)-e ==> set entry point to 'ep' (hex)-n ==> set image name to 'name'-d ==> use image data from 'datafile'-x ==> set XIP (execute in place)2 、下载内核U-Boot 1.1.3 (Jan 12 2007 - 16:16:36)U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9BAC0 BSS: -> 33F9FBACRAM Configuration:Bank #0: 30000000 64 MBNor Flash: 512 kBNand Flash: 64 MBIn: serialOut: serialErr: serialHit any key to stop autoboot: 0sbc2410=>tftp 0x31000000 zImage.imgTFTP from server 192.168.1.115; our IP address is 192.168.1.128Filename 'zImage.img'.Load address: 0x31000000Loading: #######################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################doneBytes transferred = 1263324 (1346dc hex)3.运行sbc2410=>bootm 0x31000000## Booting image at 31000000 ...Image Name: linun-2.6.14Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)Data Size: 1263260 Bytes = 1.2 MBLoad Address: 30008000Entry Point: 30008000Verifying Checksum ... OKOKStarting kernel ...Uncompressing Linux.............................................................Linux version 2.6.14 (root@luofuchong) (gcc version 3.4.1) #21 Fri Oct 20 17:206CPU: ARM920Tid(wb) [41129200] revision 0 (ARMv4T)Machine: SMDK2410Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writebackCPU S3C2410A (id 0x32410002)S3C2410: core 202.800 MHz, memory 101.400 MHz, peripheral 50.700 MHzS3C2410 Clocks, (c) 2004 Simtec ElectronicsCLOCK: Slow mode (1.500 MHz), fast, MPLL on, UPLL onUSB Control, (c) 2006 sbc2410CPU0: D VIVT write-back cacheCPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 setsCPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 64, 32 byte lines, 8 setsBuilt 1 zonelistsKernel command line: console=ttySAC0 root=/dev/nfs nfsroot=192.168.1.115:/frien"irq: clearing subpending status 00000002PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 8192 bytes)timer tcon=00500000, tcnt a509, tcfg 00000200,00000000, usec 00001e4cConsole: colour dummy device 80x30Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)Memory: 64MB = 64MB totalMemory: 62208KB available (1924K code, 529K data, 108K init)Mount-cache hash table entries: 512CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: oksoftlockup thread 0 started up.NET: Registered protocol family 16S3C2410: Initialising architectureSCSI subsystem initializedusbcore: registered new driver usbfsusbcore: registered new driver hubS3C2410 DMA Driver, (c) 2003-2004 Simtec ElectronicsDMA channel 0 at c4800000, irq 33DMA channel 1 at c4800040, irq 34DMA channel 2 at c4800080, irq 35DMA channel 3 at c48000c0, irq 36NetWinder Floating Point Emulator V0.97 (double precision)devfs: 2004-01-31 Richard Gooch ([e-mail])devfs: devfs_debug: 0x0devfs: boot_options: 0x1yaffs Oct 18 2006 12:39:51 Installing.Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 30x40fb0: s3c2410fb frame buffer devicefb1: Virtual frame buffer device, using 1024K of video memoryled driver initializeds3c2410 buttons successfully loadeds3c2410_serial0 at MMIO 0x50000000 (irq = 70) is a S3C2410s3c2410_serial1 at MMIO 0x50004000 (irq = 73) is a S3C2410s3c2410_serial2 at MMIO 0x50008000 (irq = 76) is a S3C2410io scheduler noop registeredio scheduler anticipatory registeredio scheduler deadline registeredio scheduler cfq registeredRAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 4096K size 1024 blocksizeusbcore: registered new driver ubCirrus Logic CS8900A driver for Linux (Modified for SMDK2410)eth0: CS8900A rev E at 0xe0000300 irq=53, no eeprom , addr: 08: 0:3E:26:0A:5BS3C24XX NAND Driver, (c) 2004 Simtec Electronicss3c2410-nand: mapped registers at c4980000s3c2410-nand: timing: Tacls 10ns, Twrph0 30ns, Twrph1 10nsNAND device: Manufacturer ID: 0xec, Chip ID: 0x76 (Samsung NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bi)Scanning device for bad blocksBad eraseblock 1884 at 0x01d70000Creating 4 MTD partitions on "NAND 64MiB 3,3V 8-bit":0x00000000-0x00020000 : "vivi"0x00020000-0x00030000 : "param"0x00030000-0x00200000 : "kernel"0x00200000-0x04000000 : "root"usbmon: debugfs is not availables3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: S3C24XX OHCIs3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1s3c2410-ohci s3c2410-ohci: irq 42, io mem 0x49000000hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub foundhub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detectedInitializing USB Mass Storage driver...usbcore: registered new driver usb-storageUSB Mass Storage support registered.usbcore: registered new driver usbmousedrivers/usb/input/usbmouse.c: v1.6:USB HID Boot Protocol mouse drivermice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mices3c2410 TouchScreen successfully loadedUDA1341 audio driver initializedNET: Registered protocol family 2IP route cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes)TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)TCP reno registeredTCP bic registeredNET: Registered protocol family 1IP-Config: Complete:device=eth0, addr=192.168.1.128, mask=255.255.255.0, gw=192.168.1.1,host=luofuchong, domain=, nis-domain=(none),bootserver=192.168.1.1, rootserver=192.168.1.115, rootpath=Looking up port of RPC 100003/2 on 192.168.1.115Looking up port of RPC 100005/1 on 192.168.1.115VFS: Mounted root (nfs filesystem).Mounted devfs on /devFreeing init memory: 108Kinit started: BusyBox v1.1.3 (2006.09.20-14:52+0000) multi-call binaryStarting pid 696, console /dev/tts/0: '/etc/init.d/rcS'Please press Enter to activate this console.方法二、1、首先，用u-boot/tools/mkimage这个工具为你的内核加上u-boot引导所需要的文件头，具体做法如下：[root@localhost tftpboot]#mkimage -n 'linux-2.6.14' -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x30008000 -e 0x30008040 -d zImage zImage.imgImage Name: linux-2.6.14Created: Fri Jan 12 17:14:50 2007Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)Data Size: 1262504 Bytes = 1232.91 kB = 1.20 MBLoad Address: 0x30008000Entry Point: 0x300080402 、下载内核U-Boot 1.1.3 (Jan 12 2007 - 16:16:36)U-Boot code: 33F80000 -> 33F9BAC0 BSS: -> 33F9FBACRAM Configuration:Bank #0: 30000000 64 MBNor Flash: 512 kBNand Flash: 64 MBIn: serialOut: serialErr: serialHit any key to stop autoboot: 0sbc2410=>tftp 0x30008000 zImage.imgTFTP from server 192.168.1.115; our IP address is 192.168.1.128Filename 'zImage.img'.Load address: 0x30008000Loading: #######################################################################################################################################################################################################################################################doneBytes transferred = 1263324 (1346dc hex)3.运行sbc2410=>bootm 0x30008000## Booting image at 30008000 ...Image Name: linux-2.6.14Image Type: ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)Data Size: 1261056 Bytes = 1.2 MBLoad Address: 30008000Entry Point: 30008040Verifying Checksum ... OKXIP Kernel Image ... OK内核启动信息省。。。。