2010/1/03-04总结

简要总结：

CLI:linux字符界面下的显示设备

物理终端：/dev/tty0

x86  显卡驱动  VGA

no_x86  frame buffer (贞缓冲)

虚拟终端：/dev/tty1-tty6

programe:mingetty

串行终端：/dev/ttyS*  /dev/xvc0, 虚拟主机下的Linux

串行终端配置文件：/etc/inittab init

programe:agetty

系统控制台：/dev/concle (/dev/tty0, /dev/db0)虚拟

配置concle=ttyS0 concle=ttyS1

模拟终端：/dev/pts/N

-->xwindow, terminal, ssh, telnet, screen

 

GUI:

窗口管理器

桌面

 

X &-->xterm-->twm(窗口管理器)-->gdm(GNOME登录管理)-->gnome-session

 

/etc/X11/prefdm

system-config-display [--reconfig] 恢复默认值

 

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

linux主机的一些安全配置：

xhost + IP 基于IP的可显示窗口，给谁授予权限

xhost -

客户端的配置

echo $DISPLAY

export DISPLAY=IP:1.0 (第一个显示器的第一个窗口)

 

nohup-->screen

 

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

权限分配：/etc/sudoers

su  sudo

visudo

格式：who  where=(who)  what

如果是以组的形式

User_Alias  NETMANAGER=A,B,C,D

Host_Alias  NET=192.168.0.0/24

Cmnd_Alias  NETWORK=/sbin/ifconfig,/bin/netstat

 

如：NETMANAGER  NET=(root)  NETWORK,NOPASSWD:/usr/sbin/useradd

使普通用户拥有某一命令的使用权限

 

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软件包的管理

rpm -i,e,UF,q,V

--nodeps (忽略依赖关系)

--replaceplgs (替换原有的软件包，重新安装)

--force (强制安装)

--test (测试而不进行安装)

rpm -qa gpg-pubkey

rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-....

rpm -K

    --checksig

 

恢复rpm数据库：rpm --initdb/rpm --rebuilddb

yum install

    remove

    update

    check-update(想看需要升级的软件包)

    upgrade

    downgrade

    list

    info

    provides

    clean

    search

    groupinstall

    groupremove

    groupupdate

    grouplist

    groupinfo

    localinstall

    localupdate

    reinstall

    deplist

    repolist

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

查看分区 cat /etc/partitions

挂载一块硬盘，用脚本实现自动挂载和格式化

#!/bin/bash

echo "n

p

1

1

17

n

p

2

14

257

w" |fdisk /dev/sdb

 

mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1

mke2fs -j /dev/sdb2

 

mkdir /mnt/sdb1

mkdir /mnt/sdb2

 

mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/sdb1

mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sdb2

 

如果想实现光盘的自动挂载需要要配置/etc/fstab文件

 

另外自动挂载有：gnome-mount, gnome-umount

gnome-mount -t -d /dev/cdrom

-t(text), -d(mountd by device file)

 

mount -t ext3 -o remount,rw /dev/sda5 /mnt

 

查看：/etc/mtab

fdisk -l

 

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查看主机版本号：cat /etc/redhat-release

 

查看当前级别：runlevel, who -r

 

以后再续...