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2011-03-22 22:38:58

基于AN2410SBu-boot移植

   网上有很多关于u-boot的移植文章,但我发现没有AN2410SSB的u-boot移植教程,在此我打算把我在NA2410SSB板上移植u-boot的过程放在网上供大家学 习,如果你在看的过程中有种似曾相识的感觉,那恭喜你,你的感觉是正确的,所以说不要怀疑自己的感觉。我在移植的过程中主要参照了Tekkaman Ninja老兄的文章,其中涉及硬件部分我做了一些修改。

移植步骤:

首先u-boot的移植主要是修改以下几个文件夹:

board目录,cpu/arm920t目录,include/configs目录,lib_arm目录, common目录, rtc目录

其它目录不用修改

  一、在U-Boot中建立自己的开发板类型,并测试编译。
我为开发板取名叫: AN2410SSB

1 在工作目录下解压UBoot
$tar zxvf u-boot-1.2.0 tar.bz2

2 进入U-Boot目录,修改Makefile
$cd u-boot-1.2.0/
$vi Makefile

#AN24102440建立编译项
smdk2410_config: unconfig
      @$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t smdk2410 NULL s3c24x0

 AN2410SB_config    :    unconfig
      @$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t AN2410SSB AN s3c24x0
各项的意思如下:
arm: CPU
的架构(ARCH)
arm920t: CPU
的类型(CPU),其对应于cpu/arm920t子目录。
AN2410SSB:
开发板的型号(BOARD),对应于board/AN/AN2410SSB目录。
AN:
开发者/或经销商(vender)
s3c24x0:
片上系统(SOC)

/board子目录中建立自己的开发板AN2410SSB目录
由于我在上一步板子的开发者/或经销商(vender)中填了 AN,所以开发板AN2410SSB目录一定要建在/board子目录中的AN目录下 ,否则编译会出错。

$cd  board
$mkdir  AN  AN/AN2410SSB
$cp  -arf  smdk2410/*   AN/AN2410SSB/
$cd  AN/AN2410SSB/
$mv  smdk2410.c  AN2410SSB.c
$vi Makefile
   还要记得修改自己的开发板AN2410SSB目录下的Makefile文件,不然编译时会出错:
COBJS    :=  AN2410SSB.o flash.o

include/configs/中建立配置头文件
$cd ../../..
$cp include/configs/smdk2410.h include/configs/ AN2410SSB.h

5 测试编译能否成功
$make AN2410SSB _config
Configuring for AN2410SSB board...

请在Uboot的根目录下的Makefile

        @$(MKCONFIG) $(@:_config=) arm arm920t AN2410SSB ...
前加上“Tab”键)
$make

二、修改UBoot中的文件,以AN2410SSB实验板为基准
 1
修改/cpu/arm920t/start.S
  (1)
修改中断禁止部分
  # if defined(CONFIG_S3C2410)
      ldr    r1, =0x
7ff   //INTSUBMSK11位可用(参考2410数据手册)        
      ldr    r0, =INTSUBMSK
      str    r1, [r0]
  # endif

   (2)将从Flash启动改成从NAND Flash启动。
将以下UBoot的重定向语句段:
  #ifndef CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT
   relocate:                /* relocate U-Boot to RAM        */
      adr    r0, _start        /* r0 <- current position of code   */
      ldr    r1, _TEXT_BASE        /* test if we run from flash or RAM */
      cmp     r0, r1                 /* don't reloc during debug         */
      beq     stack_setup

      ldr    r2, _armboot_start
      ldr    r3, _bss_start
      sub    r2, r3, r2        /* r2 <- size of armboot            */
      add    r2, r0, r2        /* r2 <- source end address         */

  copy_loop:
      ldmia    r0!, {r3-r10}        /* copy from source address [r0]    */
      stmia    r1!, {r3-r10}        /* copy to   target address [r1]    */
      cmp    r0, r2            /* until source end addreee [r2]    */
      ble    copy_loop
  #endif    /* CONFIG_SKIP_RELOCATE_UBOOT */

 
替换成:

  #ifdef    CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT   @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@SSSSSSS
  @ reset NAND
    mov r1, #NAND_CTL_BASE
    ldr   r2, =0xf830           @ initial value
    str   r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
    ldr   r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
    bic  r2, r2, #0x800              @ enable chip
    str   r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
    mov r2, #0xff         @ RESET command
    strb r2, [r1, #oNFCMD]
    mov r3, #0                   @ wait
  nand1: 
    add  r3, r3, #0x1
    cmp r3, #0xa
    blt   nand1
  nand2:
    ldr   r2, [r1, #oNFSTAT]      @ wait ready
    tst    r2, #0x1
    beq  nand2
    ldr   r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]
    orr  r2, r2, #0x800              @ disable chip
    str   r2, [r1, #oNFCONF]

  @ get read to call C functions (for nand_read())
    ldr   sp, DW_STACK_START       @ setup stack pointer
    mov fp, #0                    @ no previous frame, so fp=0

  @ copy U-Boot to RAM
    ldr   r0, =TEXT_BASE
    mov     r1, #0x0
    mov r2, #0x20000
    bl    nand_read_ll
    tst    r0, #0x0
    beq  ok_nand_read

  bad_nand_read:
  loop2:    b     loop2          @ infinite loop
 ok_nand_read:
 @ verify
   mov r0, #0
   ldr   r1, =TEXT_BASE
   mov r2, #0x400     @ 4 bytes * 1024 = 4K-bytes
go_next:
   ldr   r3, [r0], #4
   ldr   r4, [r1], #4
   teq   r3, r4
   bne  notmatch
   subs r2, r2, #4
   beq  stack_setup
   bne  go_next

notmatch:
  loop3:     b     loop3         @ infinite loop

#endif @ CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT  @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@EEEE


“  _start_armboot:    .word start_armboot  ” 后加入:
   .align     2
DW_STACK_START:  .word  STACK_BASE+STACK_SIZE-4


附:顺便提一下,在start.S文件的注释部分有个小错误(红色部分:原来是2
cpu_init_crit:
    ......
    /*
     * disable MMU stuff and caches
     */
    mrc    p15, 0, r0, c1, c0, 0
    bic    r0, r0, #0x00002300    @ clear bits 13, 9:8 (--V- --RS)
    bic    r0, r0, #0x00000087    @ clear bits 7, 2:0 (B--- -CAM)
    orr    r0, r0, #0x00000002    @ set bit
1 (A) Align
    ......

 
board/AN/AN2410SSB加入NAND Flash读函数,建立nand_read.c文件,加入如下内容(copy from vivi)

#include

#define __REGb(x) (*(volatile unsigned char *)(x))
#define __REGi(x) (*(volatile unsigned int *)(x))
#define NF_BASE  0x4e000000
#define NFCONF  __REGi(NF_BASE + 0x0)
#define NFCMD  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x4)
#define NFADDR  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x8)
#define NFDATA  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0xc)
#define NFSTAT  __REGb(NF_BASE + 0x10)

#define BUSY 1

inline void wait_idle(void) {
    int i;

    while(!(NFSTAT & BUSY))
      for(i=0; i<10; i++);
}

/* low level nand read function */
int
nand_read_ll(unsigned char *buf, unsigned long start_addr, int size)
{
    int i, j;

    if ((start_addr & NAND_BLOCK_MASK) || (size & NAND_BLOCK_MASK)) {
        return -1; /* invalid alignment */
    }

    /* chip Enable */
    NFCONF &= ~0x800;
    for(i=0; i<10; i++);

    for(i=start_addr; i < (start_addr + size);) {
      /* READ0 */
      NFCMD = 0;

      /* Write Address */
      NFADDR = i & 0xff;
      NFADDR = (i >> 9) & 0xff;
      NFADDR = (i >> 17) & 0xff;
      NFADDR = (i >> 25) & 0xff;

      wait_idle();

      for(j=0; j < NAND_SECTOR_SIZE; j++, i++) {
 *buf = (NFDATA & 0xff);
 buf++;
      }
    }

    /* chip Disable */
    NFCONF |= 0x800; /* chip disable */

    return 0;
}

3 修改board/AN/AN2410SSB/Makefile文件
......
OBJS := AN2410SSB.o 
nand_read.o
......

4 修改include/configs/AN2410SSB.h文件,添加如下内容:
......
/*
 * Nandflash Boot
 */
#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1
#define STACK_BASE    0x33f00000
#define STACK_SIZE    0x8000
//#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE    0x33f80000
/* NAND Flash Controller */
#define NAND_CTL_BASE            0x4E000000
#define bINT_CTL(Nb)        __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))
/* Offset */
#define oNFCONF               0x00
#define oNFCMD                0x04
#define oNFADDR               0x08
#define oNFDATA               0x0c
#define oNFSTAT               0x10
#define oNFECC                0x14
#endif    /* __CONFIG_H */

board/AN/AN2410SB/lowlevel_init.S文件(没有修改)

     这不分主要涉及到寄存器配置,AN2410SSB的与smdk2410的大体相同,无需修改。经过我试验得出的。 smdk2410的网卡CS8900是在Bank3  AN2410SSB的网卡与之一样

 

6 board/AN/AN2410SB/ AN2410SB.c(没有修改)
 


7 为了实现NAND Flash的读写,再次修改

/include/configs/AN2410SB.h

/***********************************************************
 * Command definition
 ***********************************************************/
#define CONFIG_COMMANDS \
            (CONFIG_CMD_DFL     | \
            CFG_CMD_CACHE     | \
           
CFG_CMD_NAND     | \
            CFG_CMD_NET     | \

            /*CFG_CMD_EEPROM |*/ \
            /*CFG_CMD_I2C     |*/ \
            /*CFG_CMD_USB     |*/ \
            CFG_CMD_PING | \
            CFG_CMD_ENV | \
            CFG_CMD_REGINFO  | \
            CFG_CMD_DATE     | \
            CFG_CMD_ELF)

/* this must be included AFTER the definition of CONFIG_COMMANDS (if any) */
#include
#define CONFIG_CMDLINE_TAG
//增加U-Boot对内核参数传递的功能,


......

#define    CFG_LONGHELP               
/* undef to save memory        */
#define    CFG_PROMPT   "[AN2410SSb]#"
/*Monitor Command Prompt  */

#define    CFG_CBSIZE        256       
/* Console I/O Buffer Size    */
......
#define    CFG_LOAD_ADDR      0x30008000  
 /* default load address    */

......

//#define PHYS_FLASH_1        0x00000000 /* Flash Bank #1 */

//#define CFG_FLASH_BASE        PHYS_FLASH_1

/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * FLASH and environment organization
 */
#define CFG_NO_FLASH    1
#if 0
#define CONFIG_AMD_LV400    1    /* uncomment this if you have a LV400 flash */
//#if 0
#define CONFIG_AMD_LV800    1    /* uncomment this if you have a LV800 flash */
#endif

//#define CFG_MAX_FLASH_BANKS    1    /* max number of memory banks */
......

/* timeout values are in ticks */
//#define CFG_FLASH_ERASE_TOUT    (5*CFG_HZ)
/* Timeout for Flash Erase */
//#define CFG_FLASH_WRITE_TOUT    (5*CFG_HZ)
/* Timeout for Flash Write */

#define    CFG_ENV_IS_IN_NAND    1
#define CFG_ENV_OFFSET  0X20000
//#define ENV_IS_EMBEDDED 1
#define CFG_NAND_LEGACY

#define CFG_ENV_SIZE    0x10000  
/* Total Size of Environment Sector */

#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)
#define CFG_NAND_BASE 0x4E000000
/* NandFlash
控制器在SFR区起始寄存器地址 */
#define CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE 1
 /*
支持的最在Nand Flash数据 */
#define SECTORSIZE 512
/* 1
页的大小 */
#define NAND_SECTOR_SIZE SECTORSIZE
#define NAND_BLOCK_MASK 511
/*
页掩码 */
#define ADDR_COLUMN 1
/*
一个字节的Column地址 */
#define ADDR_PAGE 3
/* 3
字节的页块地址!!!!!*/
#define ADDR_COLUMN_PAGE 4
/*
总共4字节的页块地址!!!!! */
#define NAND_ChipID_UNKNOWN 0x00
/*
未知芯片的ID */
#define NAND_MAX_FLOORS 1
#define NAND_MAX_CHIPS 1
/* Nand Flash
命令层底层接口函数 */
#define WRITE_NAND_COMMAND(d, adr) {rNFCMD = d;}
#define WRITE_NAND_ADDRESS(d, adr) {rNFADDR = d;}
#define WRITE_NAND(d, adr) {rNFDATA = d;}
#define READ_NAND(adr) (rNFDATA)
#define NAND_WAIT_READY(nand) {while(!(rNFSTAT&(1<<0)));}
#define NAND_DISABLE_CE(nand) {rNFCONF |= (1<<11);}
#define NAND_ENABLE_CE(nand) {rNFCONF &= ~(1<<11);}

/* the following functions are NOP's because S3C24X0 handles this in hardware 
一定要加上 */

#define NAND_CTL_CLRALE(nandptr)

#define NAND_CTL_SETALE(nandptr)

#define NAND_CTL_CLRCLE(nandptr)

#define NAND_CTL_SETCLE(nandptr)
/*
允许Nand Flash写校验 */
#define CONFIG_MTD_NAND_VERIFY_WRITE 1

*
 * Nandflash Boot
 */
#define CONFIG_S3C2410_NAND_BOOT 1
#define STACK_BASE    0x33f00000
#define STACK_SIZE    0x8000
//#define UBOOT_RAM_BASE    0x33f80000
/* NAND Flash Controller */
#define NAND_CTL_BASE            0x4E000000
#define bINT_CTL(Nb)        __REG(INT_CTL_BASE + (Nb))
/* Offset */

#define oNFCONF               0x00
#define oNFCMD                0x04
#define oNFADDR               0x08
#define oNFDATA               0x0c
#define oNFSTAT               0x10
#define oNFECC                0x14


#define rNFCONF (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000000)
#define rNFCMD (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000004)
#define rNFADDR (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000008)
#define rNFDATA (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e00000c)
#define rNFSTAT (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000010)
#define rNFECC (*(volatile unsigned int *)0x4e000014)
#define rNFECC0 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000014)
#define rNFECC1 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000015)
#define rNFECC2 (*(volatile unsigned char *)0x4e000016)

#endif /* CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND*/

#endif    /* __CONFIG_H */


8

include/linux/mtd/nand_ids.h的结构体nand_flash_ids加入

AN2410SSB的nand flash型号是Samsung K9F1208U0C。

static struct nand_flash_dev nand_flash_ids[] = {

......
    {"Samsung KM29N16000",NAND_MFR_SAMSUNG, 0x64, 21, 1, 2, 0x1000, 0},
    {"Samsung K9F1208U0C",  NAND_MFR_SAMSUNG, 0x76, 26, 0, 3, 0x4000, 0},

    {"Samsung unknown 4Mb", NAND_MFR_SAMSUNG, 0x6b, 22, 0, 2, 0x2000, 0},
......

{NULL,}

};

 

9 修改/lib_arm中的board.c

static int display_banner (void)
{
    printf ("\n\n%s\n\n", version_string);
    debug ("U-Boot code: %08lX -> %08lX  BSS: -> %08lX\n",
           _armboot_start, _bss_start, _bss_end);
    printf ("U-Boot code: %08lX -> %08lX  BSS: -> %08lX\n",    //add
        _armboot_start, _bss_start, _bss_end);      //add

#ifdef CONFIG_MODEM_SUPPORT
    debug ("Modem Support enabled\n");
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_USE_IRQ
    debug ("IRQ Stack: %08lx\n", IRQ_STACK_START);
    debug ("FIQ Stack: %08lx\n", FIQ_STACK_START);
#endif

    return (0);
}

 

10 修改common/env_nand.c
......
#ifdef CONFIG_INFERNO
#error CONFIG_INFERNO not supported yet
#endif

int nand_legacy_rw (struct nand_chip* nand, int cmd,
        size_t start, size_t len,
        size_t * retlen, u_char * buf);
extern struct nand_chip nand_dev_desc[CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE];
extern int nand_legacy_erase(struct nand_chip *nand, size_t ofs, size_t len, int clean);

/* info for NAND chips, defined in drivers/nand/nand.c */
extern nand_info_t nand_info[CFG_MAX_NAND_DEVICE];

......

#else /* ! CFG_ENV_OFFSET_REDUND */
int saveenv(void)
{
    ulong total;
    int ret = 0;

    puts ("Erasing Nand...");
    //if (nand_erase(&nand_info[0], CFG_ENV_OFFSET, CFG_ENV_SIZE))

if (nand_legacy_erase(nand_dev_desc + 0, CFG_ENV_OFFSET, CFG_ENV_SIZE, 0))
        return 1;


    puts ("Writing to Nand... ");
    total = CFG_ENV_SIZE;
    //ret = nand_write(&nand_info[0], CFG_ENV_OFFSET, &total, (u_char*)env_ptr);

ret = nand_legacy_rw(nand_dev_desc + 0,

0x00 | 0x02, CFG_ENV_OFFSET, CFG_ENV_SIZE,

&total, (u_char*)env_ptr);


    if (ret || total != CFG_ENV_SIZE)
        return 1;

    puts ("done\n");
    return ret;
......
#else /* ! CFG_ENV_OFFSET_REDUND */
/*
 * The legacy NAND code saved the environment in the first NAND device i.e.,
 * nand_dev_desc + 0. This is also the behaviour using the new NAND code.
 */
void env_relocate_spec (void)
{
#if !defined(ENV_IS_EMBEDDED)
    ulong total;
    int ret;

    total = CFG_ENV_SIZE;
    //ret = nand_read(&nand_info[0], CFG_ENV_OFFSET, &total, (u_char*)env_ptr);
    ret = nand_legacy_rw(nand_dev_desc + 0, 0x01 | 0x02, CFG_ENV_OFFSET, CFG_ENV_SIZE, &total, (u_char*)env_ptr);

......

 

11 /board/AN/AN2410SSB/AN2410SSB.c文件的末尾添加对Nand Flash 的初始化函数(在后面Nand Flash的操作都要用到)

u-boot运行至第二阶段进入start_armboot()函数。其中nand_init()函数是对nand flash的最初初始化函数。Nand_init()函数在两个文件中实现。其调用与CFG_NAND_LEGACY宏有关,如果没有定义这个宏,系统调用 drivers/nnd/nand.c中的nand_init();否则调用自己在board/smdk2410/smdk2410.c中的nand_init()函数。这里我选择第二种方式。

 

#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)
typedef enum {
NFCE_LOW,
NFCE_HIGH
} NFCE_STATE;

static inline void NF_Conf(u16 conf)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

nand->NFCONF = conf;
}

static inline void NF_Cmd(u8 cmd)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

nand->NFCMD = cmd;
}

static inline void NF_CmdW(u8 cmd)
{
NF_Cmd(cmd);
udelay(1);
}

static inline void NF_Addr(u8 addr)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

nand->NFADDR = addr;
}

static inline void NF_SetCE(NFCE_STATE s)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

switch (s) {
case NFCE_LOW:
nand->NFCONF &= ~(1<<11);
break;

case NFCE_HIGH:
nand->NFCONF |= (1<<11);
break;
}
}

static inline void NF_WaitRB(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

while (!(nand->NFSTAT & (1<<0)));
}

static inline void NF_Write(u8 data)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

nand->NFDATA = data;
}

static inline u8 NF_Read(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

return(nand->NFDATA);
}

static inline void NF_Init_ECC(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

nand->NFCONF |= (1<<12);
}

static inline u32 NF_Read_ECC(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

return(nand->NFECC);
}

#endif

/*

* NAND flash initialization.
*/
#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_NAND)
extern ulong nand_probe(ulong physadr);


static inline void NF_Reset(void)
{
int i;

NF_SetCE(NFCE_LOW);
NF_Cmd(0xFF); /* reset command */
for(i = 0; i < 10; i++); /* tWB = 100ns. */
NF_WaitRB(); /* wait 200~500us; */
NF_SetCE(NFCE_HIGH);
}


static inline void NF_Init(void)
{
#if 0 /* a little bit too optimistic */
#define TACLS 0
#define TWRPH0 3
#define TWRPH1 0
#else
#define TACLS 0
#define TWRPH0 4
#define TWRPH1 2
#endif

NF_Conf((1<<15)|(0<<14)|(0<<13)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0));
/*nand->NFCONF = (1<<15)|(1<<14)|(1<<13)|(1<<12)|(1<<11)|(TACLS<<8)|(TWRPH0<<4)|(TWRPH1<<0); */
/* 1 1 1 1, 1 xxx, r xxx, r xxx */
/* En 512B 4step ECCR nFCE=H tACLS tWRPH0 tWRPH1 */

NF_Reset();
}

void
nand_init(void)
{
S3C2410_NAND * const nand = S3C2410_GetBase_NAND();

NF_Init();
#ifdef DEBUG
printf("NAND flash probing at 0x%.8lX\n", (ulong)nand);
#endif
printf ("%4lu MB\n", nand_probe((ulong)nand) >> 20);
}
#endif

13 因为没有Nor Flash芯片,所以注释掉/common/cmd_bootm.c中关于imls命令的程序段和/common/cmd_flash.c中的程序。不然,按上面的修改,编译会出错。
/common/cmd_bootm.c
91行:(“0”后面一定要换行!!!不然还会错!!!)
#if 0
(CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_IMLS)

#include
extern flash_info_t flash_info[]; /* info for FLASH chips */
static int do_imls (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[]);
#endif

/common/cmd_bootm.c1237行:(“0”后面一定要换行!!!不然还会错!!!)
#if 0
(CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_IMLS)

/*-----------------------------------------------------------------------
 * List all images found in flash.
 */
int do_imls (cmd_tbl_t *cmdtp, int flag, int argc, char *argv[])
{
    flash_info_t *info;
    int i, j;
    image_header_t *hdr;
    ulong data, len, checksum;

    for (i=0, info=&flash_info[0]; i         if (info->flash_id == FLASH_UNKNOWN)
......

/common/cmd_flash.c
开头几行:(“0”后面一定要换行!!!不然还会错!!!)
......
#if 0
(CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_FLASH)


#if (CONFIG_COMMANDS & CFG_CMD_JFFS2) && defined(CONFIG_JFFS2_CMDLINE)
#include
......

三、交叉编译UBoot
UBoot的根目录下
  $make

结束~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

   如果有什么错误的,请及时和我联系,我好修正改文章,因为从我移植到现在发表有一段时间了,具体过程大体是这样的,上面绿色部分是我比较 AN2410SSB和博创2410-S的硬件电路图,经过实验得出的结果。AN2410SSB和smdk2410的寄存器配置部分大体相同。

 

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