rman数据备份恢复学习笔记

昨天对rman数据备份恢复进行了总结，

分享一下。

常用的一些命令

list backup;
list expired backup;
report schema;
report need backup days 3;
report need backup;
report obsolete;
configure channel device type
-压缩备份

CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 3 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;

RMAN> backup database plus archivelog skip inaccessible delete input;

>delete noprompt backup;
.......
RMAN-06207: WARNING: 2 objects could not be deleted for DISK channel(s) due
RMAN-06208:          to mismatched status.  Use CROSSCHECK command to fix status
RMAN-06210: List of Mismatched objects
RMAN-06211: ==========================
RMAN-06212:   Object Type   Filename/Handle
RMAN-06213: --------------- ---------------------------------------------------
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/DATAFILE_BACKUP
RMAN-06214: Backup Piece    /u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/LOG_BACKUP

RMAN> crosscheck backup;

using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/DATAFILE_BACKUP recid=26 stamp=794756167
crosschecked backup piece: found to be 'EXPIRED'
backup piece handle=/u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/LOG_BACKUP recid=27 stamp=794756198
Crosschecked 2 objects

RMAN> delete noprompt backup;

using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2

List of Backup Pieces
BP Key  BS Key  Pc# Cp# Status      Device Type Piece Name
------- ------- --- --- ----------- ----------- ----------
26      26      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/DATAFILE_BACKUP
27      27      1   1   EXPIRED     DISK        /u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/LOG_BACKUP
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/DATAFILE_BACKUP recid=26 stamp=794756167
deleted backup piece
backup piece handle=/u01/app/backup/orcl/pri/orcl_1/LOG_BACKUP recid=27 stamp=794756198
Deleted 2 objects

--增量备份

RMAN> backup incremental level=0 database;

backup incremental level=1 database;

db block change tracking
1.
SQL> alter database enable block change tracking using file '/u01/app/oracle/change_tracking';

Database altered.

2.show parameter db_create_file_dest
SQL> alter system set db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle';

System altered.

SQL> alter database enable block change tracking ;                  

Database altered.

-rw-r----- 1 oracle dba 11600384 Oct 16 11:16 o1_mf_87sn9vws_.chg
[oracle@oel1 changetracking]$ pwd
/u01/app/oracle/ORCL/changetracking
[oracle@oel1 changetracking]$

[[oracle@oel1 orcl2]$ ps -ef | grep ora_| grep ctw
oracle   27639     1  0 14:11 ?        00:00:00 ora_ctwr_orcl

 

--rman configuration
RMAN> configure channel 2 device type disk format '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/2%U';

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/2%U';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 5;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/ctl/%F';
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/%U';
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/2%U';
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE ON;
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default

RMAN> configure channel device type disk clear;

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/%U';
old RMAN configuration parameters are successfully deleted

RMAN> configure channel 1 device type disk format '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/1%U';

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/1%U';
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

RMAN> show all;

RMAN configuration parameters are:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 5;
CONFIGURE BACKUP OPTIMIZATION ON;
CONFIGURE DEFAULT DEVICE TYPE TO DISK; # default
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;
CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP FORMAT FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/ctl/%F';
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
CONFIGURE DATAFILE BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG BACKUP COPIES FOR DEVICE TYPE DISK TO 1; # default
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/1%U';
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 2 DEVICE TYPE DISK FORMAT   '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/2%U';
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED; # default
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION FOR DATABASE ON;
CONFIGURE ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM 'AES128'; # default
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO NONE; # default
CONFIGURE SNAPSHOT CONTROLFILE NAME TO '/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/snapcf_orcl.f'; # default

或者使用
configure channel device type disk format '/u01/app/oracle/backupset/3%U';

 

钱包
 1.Mkdir $ORACLE_BASE/admin/a/wallet
 2. alter system set encryption key identified by Oracle123; --- wallet password
 打开钱包
3.alter system set encryption wallet identified by oracle;

归档丢失 ,backup database plus archive log 失败
RMAN-06059: expected archived log not found,

solution1:
--crosscheck archivelog all
--list expired archivelog all;
--delete expired archivelog all;
soution2:
RMAN> change archivelog all crosscheck;

solution3:
crosscheck copy;

恢复

删除在线文件11

rm ....
alter tablespace tbs5 offline immediate;
RMAN> restore datafile 11;

Starting restore at 16-OCT-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00011 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/dbs05.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/3_37nnt9ro_1_1
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 10/16/2012 13:44:09
ORA-19870: error reading backup piece /u01/app/oracle/3_37nnt9ro_1_1
ORA-19573: cannot obtain exclusive enqueue for datafile 11

solution1:
RMAN> run{
2> sql 'alter tablespace tbs5 offline immediate';
3> restore tablespace tbs5;
4> recover tablespace tbs5;
5> sql 'alter tablespace tbs5 online
6> ';
7> }

sql statement: alter tablespace tbs5 offline immediate

Starting restore at 16-OCT-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3

skipping datafile 2; already restored to file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/tbs5.dbf
restore not done; all files readonly, offline, or already restored
Finished restore at 16-OCT-12

Starting recover at 16-OCT-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00

Finished recover at 16-OCT-12

sql statement: alter tablespace tbs5 online

 

solution2:

SQL> shutdown immediate
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 11
ORA-01110: data file 11: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/dbs05.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3
SQL> shutdown abort
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  524288000 bytes
Fixed Size                  1220336 bytes
Variable Size             188743952 bytes
Database Buffers          327155712 bytes
Redo Buffers                7168000 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL> alter system set encryption wallet open identified by oracle;

System altered.

RMAN> restore datafile 11;

Starting restore at 16-OCT-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00011 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl2/dbs05.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/3_37nnt9ro_1_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/3_37nnt9ro_1_1 tag=TAG20121016T133239
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished restore at 16-OCT-12

RMAN> recover datafile 11;

Starting recover at 16-OCT-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3

starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished recover at 16-OCT-12

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

 

--全库恢复

unable to find archive log
archive log thread=1 sequence=75
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of recover command at 10/16/2012 14:07:03
RMAN-06054: media recovery requesting unknown log: thread 1 seq 75 lowscn 683408

 

solution:
RMAN> run{
2> set until logseq 75;
3> restore database;
4> recover database;
5> alter database open resetlogs;
6> }

 

坏块备份
RMAN> run{
2> set maxcorrupt for datafile 1 to 100;
3> backup tablespace tbs5;
4> }