今天看到的文章很好,可以完成以下功能:学生如果有临时性比较大的文件需要拷回家,可以用匿名身份上传到upload目录,回家下载,而校外用户只能下载。如果和我以前设计的七天自动删除过时文件的shell相结合,更好。
附:文章摘录
由于一些网段的用户为内部成员,不会对服务器造成危害。为了减少麻烦,更好地实现资源共享,现在想给他们的网段(本例中以10.0.1.*为例)的用户以自由上传下载的权利。
涉及的配置文件一共有四个:
vsftpd.conf
hosts.allow
/etc/vsftpd/local.class
/etc/vsftpd/other.class
内容:
hosts.allow
代码: |
# # hosts.allow This file describes the names of the hosts which are # allowed to use the local INET services, as decided # by the '/usr/sbin/tcpd' server. vsftpd: 10.0.1.* : setenv VSFTPD_LOAD_CONF /etc/vsftpd/local.class vsftpd: ALL : setenv VSFTPD_LOAD_CONF /etc/vsftpd/other.class |
/etc/vsftpd/local.class
代码: |
write_enable=YES anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES |
/etc/vsftpd/other.class
代码: |
write_enable=NO anon_upload_enable=NO anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO |
vsftpd.conf
代码: |
# Example config file /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf # # The default compiled in settings are fairly paranoid. This sample file # loosens things up a bit, to make the ftp daemon more usable. # Please see vsftpd.conf.5 for all compiled in defaults. # # READ THIS: This example file is NOT an exhaustive list of vsftpd options. # Please read the vsftpd.conf.5 manual page to get a full idea of vsftpd's # capabilities. # # Allow anonymous FTP? (Beware - allowed by default if you comment this out). anonymous_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to allow local users to log in. # 不允许本地用户上传下载,即只允许基于ip的认证 #local_enable=YES # # Uncomment this to enable any form of FTP write command. # 在ftpd中的local.class和other.class文件中有write_enable=YES项 #write_enable=YES # # Default umask for local users is 077. You may wish to change this to 022, # if your users expect that (022 is used by most other ftpd's) local_umask=022 # # Uncomment this to allow the anonymous FTP user to upload files. This only # has an effect if the above global write enable is activated. Also, you will # obviously need to create a directory writable by the FTP user. #anon_upload_enable=YES # # Uncomment this if you want the anonymous FTP user to be able to create # new directories. #anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES # # Activate directory messages - messages given to remote users when they # go into a certain directory. dirmessage_enable=YES # # Activate logging of uploads/downloads. xferlog_enable=YES # # Make sure PORT transfer connections originate from port 20 (ftp-data). connect_from_port_20=YES # # If you want, you can arrange for uploaded anonymous files to be owned by # a different user. Note! Using "root" for uploaded files is not # recommended! #chown_uploads=YES #chown_username=whoever # # You may override where the log file goes if you like. The default is shown # below. xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd.log # # If you want, you can have your log file in standard ftpd xferlog format xferlog_std_format=YES # # You may change the default value for timing out an idle session. #idle_session_timeout=600 # # You may change the default value for timing out a data connection. #data_connection_timeout=120 # # It is recommended that you define on your system a unique user which the # ftp server can use as a totally isolated and unprivileged user. #nopriv_user=ftpsecure # # Enable this and the server will recognise asynchronous ABOR requests. Not # recommended for security (the code is non-trivial). Not enabling it, # however, may confuse older FTP clients. #async_abor_enable=YES # # By default the server will pretend to allow ASCII mode but in fact ignore # the request. Turn on the below options to have the server actually do ASCII # mangling on files when in ASCII mode. # Beware that turning on ascii_download_enable enables malicious remote parties # to consume your I/O resources, by issuing the command "SIZE /big/file" in # ASCII mode. # These ASCII options are split into upload and download because you may wish # to enable ASCII uploads (to prevent uploaded scripts etc. from breaking), # without the DoS risk of SIZE and ASCII downloads. ASCII mangling should be # on the client anyway.. #ascii_upload_enable=YES #ascii_download_enable=YES # # You may fully customise the login banner string: #ftpd_banner=Welcome to blah FTP service. # # You may specify a file of disallowed anonymous e-mail addresses. Apparently # useful for combatting certain DoS attacks. #deny_email_enable=YES # (default follows) #banned_email_file=/etc/vsftpd.banned_emails # # You may specify an explicit list of local users to chroot() to their home # directory. If chroot_local_user is YES, then this list becomes a list of # users to NOT chroot(). #chroot_list_enable=YES # (default follows) #chroot_list_file=/etc/vsftpd.chroot_list # # You may activate the "-R" option to the builtin ls. This is disabled by # default to avoid remote users being able to cause excessive I/O on large # sites. However, some broken FTP clients such as "ncftp" and "mirror" assume # the presence of the "-R" option, so there is a strong case for enabling it. #ls_recurse_enable=YES Anon_umask=022 pam_service_name=vsftpd userlist_enable=YES #下面一行是我加的 userlist_deny=YES #enable for standalone mode listen=YES tcp_wrappers=YES |
说明一下:
首先设置vsftpd.conf中tcp_wrappers=YES(一般的默认设置都是YES)。
当有用户访问时,则会自动查看hosts.allow的配置,而在根据hosts.allow中的语句,
系统会根据客户的IP跳转到不同的文件去,按照那里的设置工作。
在/etc/vsftpd/local.class中设置10.0.1.*网段的用户可以自由上传下载。
在/etc/vsftpd/other.class中设置其他用户只有下载的权限。
就是这么简单。不过有一点必须说明:那就是目录和文件的权限问题。
首先,设置你想让匿名用户上传的目录的可写权限
再一个在
vsftpd.conf中要加上
anon_umask=022
这一行是给匿名用户上传的文件添加可读的权限。你可以测试一下,匿名用户上传的文件的权限是600,即上传上去了却没有可读权限,下载不了!
Over!Good luck!