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分类: LINUX

2010-07-29 21:17:41

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一:前言
在键盘驱动代码分析的笔记中,接触到了input子系统.键盘驱动,键盘驱动将检测到的所有按键都上报给了input子系统。Input子系统是所有I/O设备驱动的中间层,为上层提供了一个统一的界面。例如,在终端系统中,我们不需要去管有多少个键盘,多少个鼠标。它只要从input子系统中去取对应的事件(按键,鼠标移位等)就可以了。今天就对input子系统做一个详尽的分析.
下面的代码是基于linux kernel 2.6.25.分析的代码主要位于kernel2.6.25/drivers/input下面.
二:使用input子系统的例子
在内核自带的文档Documentation/input/input-programming.txt中。有一个使用input子系统的例子,并附带相应的说明。以此为例分析如下:
#include
#include
#include
 
#include
#include
 
static void button_interrupt(int irq, void *dummy, struct pt_regs *fp)
{
        input_report_key(&button_dev, BTN_1, inb(BUTTON_PORT) & 1);
        input_sync(&button_dev);
}
 
static int __init button_init(void)
{
        if (request_irq(BUTTON_IRQ, button_interrupt, 0, "button", NULL)) {
                printk(KERN_ERR "button.c: Can't allocate irq %d\n", button_irq);
                return -EBUSY;
        }
 
        button_dev.evbit[0] = BIT(EV_KEY);
        button_dev.keybit[LONG(BTN_0)] = BIT(BTN_0);
 
        input_register_device(&button_dev);
}
 
static void __exit button_exit(void)
{
        input_unregister_device(&button_dev);
        free_irq(BUTTON_IRQ, button_interrupt);
}
 
module_init(button_init);
module_exit(button_exit);
 
这个示例module代码还是比较简单,在初始化函数里注册了一个中断处理例程。然后注册了一个input device.在中断处理程序里,将接收到的按键上报给input子系统。
文档的作者在之后的分析里又对这个module作了优化。主要是在注册中断处理的时序上。在修改过后的代码里,为input device定义了open函数,在open的时候再去注册中断处理例程。具体的信息请自行参考这篇文档。在资料缺乏的情况下,kernel自带的文档就是剖析kernel相关知识的最好资料.
文档的作者还分析了几个api函数。列举如下:
 
1):set_bit(EV_KEY, button_dev.evbit);
   set_bit(BTN_0, button_dev.keybit);
分别用来设置设备所产生的事件以及上报的按键值。Struct iput_dev中有两个成员,一个是evbit.一个是keybit.分别用表示设备所支持的动作和按键类型。
2): input_register_device(&button_dev);
用来注册一个input device.
3): input_report_key()
用于给上层上报一个按键动作
4): input_sync()
用来告诉上层,本次的事件已经完成了.
5): NBITS(x) - returns the length of a bitfield array in longs for x bits
    LONG(x)  - returns the index in the array in longs for bit x
BIT(x)   - returns the index in a long for bit x     
这几个宏在input子系统中经常用到。上面的英文解释已经很清楚了。
 
三:input设备注册分析.
Input设备注册的接口为:input_register_device()。代码如下:
int input_register_device(struct input_dev *dev)
{
         static atomic_t input_no = ATOMIC_INIT(0);
         struct input_handler *handler;
         const char *path;
         int error;
 
         __set_bit(EV_SYN, dev->evbit);
 
         /*
          * If delay and period are pre-set by the driver, then autorepeating
          * is handled by the driver itself and we don't do it in input.c.
          */
 
         init_timer(&dev->timer);
         if (!dev->rep[REP_DELAY] && !dev->rep[REP_PERIOD]) {
                   dev->timer.data = (long) dev;
                   dev->timer.function = input_repeat_key;
                   dev->rep[REP_DELAY] = 250;
                   dev->rep[REP_PERIOD] = 33;
         }
在前面的分析中曾分析过。Input_device的evbit表示该设备所支持的事件。在这里将其EV_SYN置位,即所有设备都支持这个事件.如果dev->rep[REP_DELAY]和dev->rep[REP_PERIOD]没有设值,则将其赋默认值。这主要是处理重复按键的.
 
         if (!dev->getkeycode)
                   dev->getkeycode = input_default_getkeycode;
 
         if (!dev->setkeycode)
                   dev->setkeycode = input_default_setkeycode;
 
         snprintf(dev->dev.bus_id, sizeof(dev->dev.bus_id),
                    "input%ld", (unsigned long) atomic_inc_return(&input_no) - 1);
 
         error = device_add(&dev->dev);
         if (error)
                   return error;
 
         path = kobject_get_path(&dev->dev.kobj, GFP_KERNEL);
         printk(KERN_INFO "input: %s as %s\n",
                   dev->name ? dev->name : "Unspecified device", path ? path : "N/A");
         kfree(path);
 
         error = mutex_lock_interruptible(&input_mutex);
         if (error) {
                   device_del(&dev->dev);
                   return error;
         }
如果input device没有定义getkeycode和setkeycode.则将其赋默认值。还记得在键盘驱动中的分析吗?这两个操作函数就可以用来取键的扫描码和设置键的扫描码。然后调用device_add()将input_dev中封装的device注册到sysfs
 
         list_add_tail(&dev->node, &input_dev_list);
 
         list_for_each_entry(handler, &input_handler_list, node)
                   input_attach_handler(dev, handler);
 
         input_wakeup_procfs_readers();
 
         mutex_unlock(&input_mutex);
 
         return 0;
}
这里就是重点了。将input device 挂到input_dev_list链表上.然后,对每一个挂在input_handler_list的handler调用input_attach_handler().在这里的情况有好比设备模型中的device和driver的匹配。所有的input device都挂在input_dev_list链上。所有的handle都挂在input_handler_list上。
看一下这个匹配的详细过程。匹配是在input_attach_handler()中完成的。代码如下:
static int input_attach_handler(struct input_dev *dev, struct input_handler *handler)
{
         const struct input_device_id *id;
         int error;
 
         if (handler->blacklist && input_match_device(handler->blacklist, dev))
                   return -ENODEV;
 
         id = input_match_device(handler->id_table, dev);
         if (!id)
                   return -ENODEV;
 
         error = handler->connect(handler, dev, id);
         if (error && error != -ENODEV)
                   printk(KERN_ERR
                            "input: failed to attach handler %s to device %s, "
                            "error: %d\n",
                            handler->name, kobject_name(&dev->dev.kobj), error);
 
         return error;
}
如果handle的blacklist被赋值。要先匹配blacklist中的数据跟dev->id的数据是否匹配。匹配成功过后再来匹配handle->id和dev->id中的数据。如果匹配成功,则调用handler->connect().
来看一下具体的数据匹配过程,这是在input_match_device()中完成的。代码如下:
static const struct input_device_id *input_match_device(const struct input_device_id *id,
                                                                 struct input_dev *dev)
{
         int i;
 
         for (; id->flags || id->driver_info; id++) {
 
                   if (id->flags & INPUT_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_BUS)
                            if (id->bustype != dev->id.bustype)
                                     continue;
 
                   if (id->flags & INPUT_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VENDOR)
                            if (id->vendor != dev->id.vendor)
                                     continue;
 
                   if (id->flags & INPUT_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_PRODUCT)
                            if (id->product != dev->id.product)
                                     continue;
 
                   if (id->flags & INPUT_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VERSION)
                            if (id->version != dev->id.version)
                                     continue;
 
                   MATCH_BIT(evbit,  EV_MAX);
                   MATCH_BIT(,, KEY_MAX);
                   MATCH_BIT(relbit, REL_MAX);
                   MATCH_BIT(absbit, ABS_MAX);
                   MATCH_BIT(mscbit, MSC_MAX);
                   MATCH_BIT(ledbit, LED_MAX);
                   MATCH_BIT(sndbit, SND_MAX);
                   MATCH_BIT(ffbit,  FF_MAX);
                   MATCH_BIT(swbit,  SW_MAX);
 
                   return id;
         }
 
         return NULL;
}
MATCH_BIT宏的定义如下:
#define MATCH_BIT(bit, max)
                   for (i = 0; i < BITS_TO_LONGS(max); i++)
                            if ((id->bit[i] & dev->bit[i]) != id->bit[i])
                                     break;
                   if (i != BITS_TO_LONGS(max))
                            continue;
 
由此看到。在id->flags中定义了要匹配的项。定义INPUT_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_BUS。则是要比较input device和input handler的总线类型。INPUT_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VENDOR,INPUT_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_PRODUCT,INPUT_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VERSION分别要求设备厂商。设备号和设备版本.
如果id->flags定义的类型匹配成功。或者是id->flags没有定义,就会进入到MATCH_BIT的匹配项了.从MATCH_BIT宏的定义可以看出。只有当iput device和input handler的id成员在evbit, keybit,… swbit项相同才会匹配成功。而且匹配的顺序是从evbit, keybit到swbit.只要有一项不同,就会循环到id中的下一项进行比较.
简而言之,注册input device的过程就是为input device设置默认值,并将其挂以input_dev_list.与挂载在input_handler_list中的handler相匹配。如果匹配成功,就会调用handler的connect函数.
 
四:handler注册分析
Handler注册的接口如下所示:
int input_register_handler(struct input_handler *handler)
{
         struct input_dev *dev;
         int retval;
 
         retval = mutex_lock_interruptible(&input_mutex);
         if (retval)
                   return retval;
 
         INIT_LIST_HEAD(&handler->h_list);
 
         if (handler->fops != NULL) {
                   if (input_table[handler->minor >> 5]) {
                            retval = -EBUSY;
                            goto out;
                   }
                   input_table[handler->minor >> 5] = handler;
         }
 
         list_add_tail(&handler->node, &input_handler_list);
 
         list_for_each_entry(dev, &input_dev_list, node)
                   input_attach_handler(dev, handler);
 
         input_wakeup_procfs_readers();
 
 out:
         mutex_unlock(&input_mutex);
         return retval;
}
handler->minor表示对应input设备节点的次设备号.以handler->minor右移五位做为索引值插入到input_table[ ]中..之后再来分析input_talbe[ ]的作用.
然后将handler挂到input_handler_list中.然后将其与挂在input_dev_list中的input device匹配.这个过程和input device的注册有相似的地方.都是注册到各自的链表,.然后与另外一条链表的对象相匹配.
 
五:handle的注册
int input_register_handle(struct input_handle *handle)
{
         struct input_handler *handler = handle->handler;
         struct input_dev *dev = handle->dev;
         int error;
 
         /*
          * We take dev->mutex here to prevent race with
          * input_release_device().
          */
         error = mutex_lock_interruptible(&dev->mutex);
         if (error)
                   return error;
         list_add_tail_rcu(&handle->d_node, &dev->h_list);
         mutex_unlock(&dev->mutex);
         synchronize_rcu();
 
         /*
          * Since we are supposed to be called from ->connect()
          * which is mutually exclusive with ->disconnect()
          * we can't be racing with input_unregister_handle()
          * and so separate lock is not needed here.
          */
         list_add_tail(&handle->h_node, &handler->h_list);
 
         if (handler->start)
                   handler->start(handle);
 
         return 0;
}
在这个函数里所做的处理其实很简单.将handle挂到所对应input device的h_list链表上.还将handle挂到对应的handler的hlist链表上.如果handler定义了start函数,将调用之.
到这里,我们已经看到了input device, handler和handle是怎么关联起来的了.以图的方式总结如下:
 
 
 
六:event事件的处理
我们在开篇的时候曾以linux kernel文档中自带的代码作分析.提出了几个事件上报的API.这些API其实都是input_event()的封装.代码如下:
void input_event(struct input_dev *dev,
                    unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
{
         unsigned long flags;
 
         //判断设备是否支持这类事件
         if (is_event_supported(type, dev->evbit, EV_MAX)) {
 
                   spin_lock_irqsave(&dev->event_lock, flags);
                   //利用键盘输入来调整随机数产生器
                   add_input_randomness(type, code, value);
                   input_handle_event(dev, type, code, value);
                   spin_unlock_irqrestore(&dev->event_lock, flags);
         }
}
首先,先判断设备产生的这个事件是否合法.如果合法,流程转入到input_handle_event()中.
代码如下:
static void input_handle_event(struct input_dev *dev,
                                   unsigned int type, unsigned int code, int value)
{
         int disposition = INPUT_IGNORE_EVENT;
 
         switch (type) {
 
         case EV_SYN:
                   switch (code) {
                   case SYN_CONFIG:
                            disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
                            break;
 
                   case SYN_REPORT:
                            if (!dev->sync) {
                                     dev->sync = 1;
                                     disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS;
                            }
                            break;
                   }
                   break;
 
         case EV_KEY:
                   //判断按键值是否被支持
                   if (is_event_supported(code, dev->keybit, KEY_MAX) &&
                       !!test_bit(code, dev->key) != value) {
 
                            if (value != 2) {
                                     __change_bit(code, dev->key);
                                     if (value)
                                               input_start_autorepeat(dev, code);
                            }
 
                            disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS;
                   }
                   break;
 
         case EV_SW:
                   if (is_event_supported(code, dev->swbit, SW_MAX) &&
                       !!test_bit(code, dev->sw) != value) {
 
                            __change_bit(code, dev->sw);
                            disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS;
                   }
                   break;
 
         case EV_ABS:
                   if (is_event_supported(code, dev->absbit, ABS_MAX)) {
 
                            value = input_defuzz_abs_event(value,
                                               dev->abs[code], dev->absfuzz[code]);
 
                            if (dev->abs[code] != value) {
                                     dev->abs[code] = value;
                                     disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS;
                            }
                   }
                   break;
 
         case EV_REL:
                   if (is_event_supported(code, dev->relbit, REL_MAX) && value)
                            disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_HANDLERS;
 
                   break;
 
         case EV_MSC:
                   if (is_event_supported(code, dev->mscbit, MSC_MAX))
                            disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
 
                   break;
 
         case EV_LED:
                   if (is_event_supported(code, dev->ledbit, LED_MAX) &&
                       !!test_bit(code, dev->led) != value) {
 
                            __change_bit(code, dev->led);
                            disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
                   }
                   break;
 
         case EV_SND:
                   if (is_event_supported(code, dev->sndbit, SND_MAX)) {
 
                            if (!!test_bit(code, dev->snd) != !!value)
                                     __change_bit(code, dev->snd);
                            disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
                   }
                   break;
 
         case EV_REP:
                   if (code <= REP_MAX && value >= 0 && dev->rep[code] != value) {
                            dev->rep[code] = value;
                            disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
                   }
                   break;
 
         case EV_FF:
                   if (value >= 0)
                            disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;
                   break;
 
         case EV_PWR:
                   disposition = INPUT_PASS_TO_ALL;

本文来自CSDN博客,转载请标明出处:http://blog.csdn.net/linweig/archive/2010/03/01/5335625.aspx
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