环境搭建：Apache:2.4/PHP:7.1/Mysql:8.0/OracleLinux:7

相关的环境搭建有很多介绍。参考了网上别人的经验，可以较快的搭建起来。这里记录了我个人的环境搭建过程。
这次的环境搭建，都是通过yum进行安装的，而没有通过编译源码进行安装。

先来看目标版本，这是安装后的信息：

# uname -a
Linux localhostww.localdomain 4.1.12-112.14.13.el7uek.x86_64 #2 SMP Thu Jan 18 11:38:29 PST 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

# httpd -version
Server version: Apache/2.4.6 ()
Server built:   Apr 11 2018 05:56:48

# mysqld --version
/usr/sbin/mysqld  Ver 8.0.11 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)

# php -v
PHP 7.1.19 (cli) (built: Jun 25 2018 13:58:17) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.1.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies

1. 安装Apahce (httpd)

1.1 安装

这个很简单：

# yum install httpd

1.2 小插曲

然而，遇到了个小问题：

Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo
Existing lock /var/run/yum.pid: another copy is running as pid 2657.
Another app is currently holding the yum lock; waiting for it to exit...

这是个常见的问题，原因是yum在尝试更新。
我们来查一下进程以及父进程信息：

# ps -ef | grep yum
root      2657  1571  0 07:23 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/python /usr/share/PackageKit/helpers/yum/yumBackend.py get-updates none

# ps -ef | grep 1571
root      1571     1  0 07:21 ?        00:00:01 /usr/libexec/packagekitd
root      2657  1571  0 07:23 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/python /usr/share/PackageKit/helpers/yum/yumBackend.py get-updates none

把父进程1571杀掉，然后再查，此时已经没有相关进程了。

# kill -9 1571
# ps -ef | grep yum | grep -v grep
#

1.3 再次安装

再通过yum安装httpd，一切OK。

# yum install httpd

1.4 启动httpd, 测试

默认的httpd是80端口，先查看一下；很好，这个端口没有被监听。

点击(此处)折叠或打开

# netstat -an | grep 80

启动 httpd

点击(此处)折叠或打开

# systemctl start httpd.service

再看一下监听端口，有了：

# netstat -an | grep 80
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*

也可以通过浏览器来查看apache默认的测试界面：

2. 安装PHP

2.1 检查并删除现有的PHP版本

参考连接

最终，执行如下命令查看是否已经完全删除：

# php -v
bash: php: command not found...
# rpm -qa|grep php                          <-- 没有返回就对了

2.2 下载rpm并安装

我是通过yum安装的，所以可以掠过此处.
根据上述描述，需要下载php 7.1.9的rpm，可以从这里下载。

2.3 更新yum的repo，并且安装PHP

仍旧参考
更新yum的repo：

# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
# mv public-yum-ol7.repo public-yum-ol7.repo.bak
# wget

在repo中设置要安装的PHP版本：

# yum install yum-utils
# yum-config-manager --enable ol7_developer_php71

安装

# yum install php

2.4 测试安装

点击(此处)折叠或打开

# which php
/usr/bin/php
# php -v
PHP 7.1.19 (cli) (built: Jun 25 2018 13:58:17) ( NTS )
Copyright (c) 1997-2018 The PHP Group
Zend Engine v3.1.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2018 Zend Technologies

2.5 安装其他相关组件

这些在后续开发中会用到，一起安装了吧

yum install php-mysql php-gd libjpeg* php-imap php-ldap php-odbc php-pear php-xml php-xmlrpc php-mbstring  php-bcmath php-mhash libmcrypt

遇到一个不能成功安装的，暂时略过，不影响环境搭建

# yum install php-mcrypt
Loaded plugins: langpacks, ulninfo
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package php-mcrypt.x86_64 0:5.4.16-7.el7 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: php(zend-abi) = 20100525-64 for package: php-mcrypt-5.4.16-7.el7.x86_64
--> Processing Dependency: php(api) = 20100412-64 for package: php-mcrypt-5.4.16-7.el7.x86_64
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Error: Package: php-mcrypt-5.4.16-7.el7.x86_64 (epel)
Requires: php(api) = 20100412-64
Installed: php-common-7.1.19-1.0.1.el7.x86_64 (@ol7_developer_php71)
php(api) = 20160303-64

检查一下我们的安装：

# yum list installed | grep php
gd-last.x86_64                         2.1.1-2.el7                 @ol7_developer_php71
php.x86_64                             7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-bcmath.x86_64                      7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-cli.x86_64                         7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-common.x86_64                      7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-gd.x86_64                          7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-imap.x86_64                        7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-ldap.x86_64                        7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-mbstring.x86_64                    7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-mysqlnd.x86_64                     7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-odbc.x86_64                        7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-pdo.x86_64                         7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-pear.noarch                        1:1.9.4-21.el7              @ol7_latest
php-process.x86_64                     7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-xml.x86_64                         7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71
php-xmlrpc.x86_64                      7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71

2.6 测试PHP是否工作

在"/etc/www/html"下创建这样一个测试文件：
（不知什么原因，简单的插入php代码，会导致我后面的章节统统给删掉；在经历了2次这样的事情后，还是简单的在代码中加入几个##吧）。

#touch /etc/www/html/index.php
with content
##<##?php
phpinfo();
##?##>

在浏览器里访问"/index.php"，结果不对。
需要重新启动httpd，之后就OK了。

# syystemctl  start  httpd.service

3. 安装mysql

参考链接

3.1 添加mysql的repo

从这里下载mysql的repo，我下载的是"mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm"
然后添加到本地repo里：

# yum localinstall  mysql80-community-release-el7-1.noarch.rpm

# yum repolist enabled | grep
"mysql.*-community.*" 
			
			
				mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL
Connectors
Community                 
51 
			
			
				mysql-tools-community/x86_64     
MySQL Tools
Community                      
63 
			
			
				mysql80-community/x86_64         
MySQL 8.0 Community
Server                 
17

也可以直接查看文件/etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo：

[mysql80-community]
name=MySQL 8.0 Community Server
baseurl=
enabled=1      <-------  注意这里
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-mysql

也可以通过下面的命令来需改需要安装的版本，我需要安装8.0，所以就没有进行这个操作。

# sudo yum-config-manager --disable mysql57-community
# sudo yum-config-manager --enable mysql80-community

3.2  安装mysql

# sudo yum install mysql-community-server

# yum list installed | grep mysql
mysql-community-client.x86_64          8.0.11-1.el7                @mysql80-community
mysql-community-common.x86_64          8.0.11-1.el7                @mysql80-community
mysql-community-libs.x86_64            8.0.11-1.el7                @mysql80-community
mysql-community-libs-compat.x86_64     5.7.16-1.el7                @Server-Mysql/7.3
mysql-community-server.x86_64          8.0.11-1.el7                @mysql80-community
mysql80-community-release.noarch       el7-1                       installed
php-mysqlnd.x86_64                     7.1.19-1.0.1.el7            @ol7_developer_php71

3.3 启动

# systemctl start mysqld.service

3.4 获取并修改临时密码

密码存在log文件里，获取临时密码后，修改密码

# grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
2018-06-28T07:40:46.220757Z 5 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: fh!dh_o)z8fD

# mysql -uroot -p'fh!dh_o)z8fD'

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'HHhh0011_2233';    <---  新密码

4. 总体测试 (Aphache/PHP/Mysql)

4.1 创建数据库

mysql> create database root_db1;
mysql> use root_db1;
mysql> create table MyGuests(id int auto_increment, firstname varchar(20), lastname varchar(20), primary key (id));
mysql> desc MyGuests;
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field     | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id        | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| firstname | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| lastname  | varchar(20) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-----------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> insert into MyGuests (firstname, lastname) values( 'aa', 'bb');
mysql> insert into MyGuests (firstname, lastname) values( 'xx', 'yy');
mysql> select * from MyGuests;
+----+-----------+----------+
| id | firstname | lastname |
+----+-----------+----------+
|  1 | aa        | bb       |
|  2 | xx        | yy       |
+----+-----------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

4.2 创建php代码

##<span style="font-size:14px;"##>
##<##?php
$servername = "127.0.0.1";
$port=3306;
$username = "root";
$password = "HHhh0011_2233";
$dbname = "root_db1";
$socket="mysqli.default_socket";
// Create connection
$conn = new mysqli($servername, $username, $password, $dbname,$port,$socket);
// Check connection
if ($conn->connect_error) {
    die("Connection failed 1: " . $conn->connect_error);
}
$sql = "SELECT id, firstname, lastname FROM MyGuests";
$result = $conn->query($sql);

if ($result->num_rows > 0) {
    // output data of each row
    while($row = $result->fetch_assoc()) {
        echo "id: " . $row["id"]. " - Name: " . $row["firstname"]. " " . $row["lastname"]. "";
    }
} else {
    echo "0 results";
}
$conn->close();
##?##>

4.3 测试

直接测试PHP程序，报错。

#php /var/www/testMysql01.php
return err:
PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client [caching_sha2_password] in /var/www/html/testMysql01.php on line 10
PHP Warning:  mysqli::__construct(): (HY000/2054): The server requested authentication method unknown to the client in /var/www/html/testMysql01.php on line 10
Connection failed 1: The server requested authentication method unknown to the client

原因是 php 7.1的 mysqli 组件不支持 mysql 8的密码加密方式"caching_sha2_password"，需要修改为 "mysql_native_password"。

# mysql -uroot -pHHhh0011_2233
mysql> select user,plugin from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------------------+
| user             | plugin                |
+------------------+-----------------------+
| mysql.infoschema | mysql_native_password |
| mysql.session    | mysql_native_password |
| mysql.sys        | mysql_native_password |
| root             |  caching_sha2_password|   <----  注意这里
+------------------+-----------------------+
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '0racle_Nis';
mysql> select user,plugin from mysql.user;
+------------------+-----------------------+
| user             | plugin                |
+------------------+-----------------------+
| mysql.infoschema | mysql_native_password |
| mysql.session    | mysql_native_password |
| mysql.sys        | mysql_native_password |
| root             | mysql_native_password | <---  修改后
+------------------+-----------------------+
mysql> exit

再次测试，OK!

# php testMysql01.php
id: 1 - Name: aa bbid: 2 - Name: xx yy