lpvsadm
IPVS(IP Virtual Server)是整个负载均衡的基础，如果没有这个基础，故障隔离与失败切换就毫无意义了。
IPVS 具体实现是由ipvsadm这个程序来完成。ipvsadm只要安装好就可以，所有配置由keepalived.conf这个文件来实现。
keepalived
在这里主要作用是Realserver的健康状态检查及故障隔离；负载均衡Master机和Backup主机之间失败切换的实现(failover)。
一、准备工作
1.server准备
virtual ip 192.168.1.130 由master提供，master出现故障时由backup提供
server01 (master) 192.168.1.120 提供vip,并实时监测web01、web02的健康状态
server02 (backup) 192.168.1.121 备用机，master出现故障时接替其工作
web01 (realserver01) 192.168.1.122 真实地提供web服务，与web02做轮询
web02 (realserver02) 192.168.1.123 真实地提供web服务，与web01做轮询
2.所需软件
system: Redhat 2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64
ipvsadm:
keepalived:
二、安装配置
1.安装ipvsadm （master、backup都要安装）
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# ln -s /usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/ /usr/src/linux/
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# tar zxvf ipvsadm-1.26.tar.gz
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# cd ipvsadm-1.26
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# make && make install
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# ipvsadm -ln
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IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
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Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
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-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
2.安装keepalived （master、backup都要安装配置,注意配置文件的区别，其它都相同）
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# tar zxvf keepalived-1.2.0.tar.gz
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# cd keepalived-1.2.0
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# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived --with-kernel-dir=/usr/src/kernels/2.6.32-279.el6.x86_64/
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# make && make install
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# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/rc.d/init.d/keepalived /etc/init.d/keepalived
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# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/keepalived
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# mkdir /etc/keepalived
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# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/
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# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/
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master配置文件：
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# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
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! Configuration File for keepalived
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global_defs {
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notification_email {
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root@localhost
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}
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notification_email_from root@localhost
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smtp_server 127.0.0.1
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smtp_connect_timeout 30
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router_id LVS_MASTER
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}
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vrrp_instance VI_1 {
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state MASTER --backup此处需要修改为BACKUP
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interface eth0
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virtual_router_id 51
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priority 100 --backup此处值应略小一些，如90
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advert_int 1
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authentication {
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auth_type PASS
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auth_pass 1111
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}
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virtual_ipaddress {
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192.168.1.130
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}
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}
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virtual_server 192.168.1.130 80 {
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delay_loop 6
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lb_algo wrr
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lb_kind DR
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# persistence_timeout 50 --表示同一ip50秒内的连接都发送到同一realserver,为了测试轮询，先注释
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protocol TCP
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real_server 192.168.1.122 80 {
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weight 3
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TCP_CHECK {
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connect_timeout 10
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nb_get_retry 3
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delay_before_retry 3
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connect_port 80
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}
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}
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real_server 192.168.1.123 80 {
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weight 3
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TCP_CHECK {
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connect_timeout 10
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nb_get_retry 3
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delay_before_retry 3
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connect_port 80
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}
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}
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}
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backup配置文件：
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与master相同，仅两处需要修改为：
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state MASTER --> state BACKUP
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priority 100 --> priority 90
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# chkconfig keepalived on
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# service keepalived start
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# service keepalived status
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keepalived (pid 1344) 正在运行...
3.realserver.sh脚本（web01 web02 都要部署）
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vi /root/bin/realserver.sh
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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#!/bin/bash
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vip=192.168.1.130
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. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
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case "$1" in
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start)
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/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 $vip broadcast $vip netmask 255.255.255.255 up
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/sbin/route add -host $vip dev lo:0
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echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
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echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
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echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
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echo "2" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
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sysctl -p >/dev/null 2>&1
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echo "RealServer Start OK" ;;
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stop)
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/sbin/ifconfig lo:0 down
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/sbin/route del $vip >/dev/null 2>&1
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echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_ignore
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echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/lo/arp_announce
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echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_ignore
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echo "0" >/proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/arp_announce
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echo "RealServer Stoped";;
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*) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}"
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exit 1;;
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esac
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exit 0
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--------------------------------------------------------------
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# chmod +x /root/bin/realserver.sh
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# sh /root/bin/realserver.sh start
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# echo "sh /root/bin/realserver.sh start" >> /etc/rc.local
4.启动web01、web02上的httpd服务,为了更好区分，/var/www/html/index.html页面分别修改为：
web01 server works!
web02 server works!
三、测试
1.查看状态，并测试页面是否正常轮询 （此时master、backup上都启动keepalived，web01、web02都启动httpd)
# ip a|grep 192.168
inet 192.168.1.120/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.1.130/32 scope global eth0 --master上vip正常绑定
# ipvsadm -ln --master上lvs正常
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.1.130:80 wrr persistent 50
-> 192.168.1.122:80 Route 3 0 0
-> 192.168.1.123:80 Route 3 0 0
浏览器打开 ,反复刷新，如果页面轮流显示web01,web02的主页信息，则说明轮询正常。
2.停止master上的keepalived,查看backup是否正常接管vip,再测试页面轮询是否正常
master
# service keepalived stop
# ip a|grep 192.168
inet 192.168.1.120/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0 --master上vip绑定已经解除
backup
# ip a |grep 192.168
inet 192.168.1.121/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0 --backup上vip正常接管
inet 192.168.1.130/32 scope global eth0
查看页面轮询是否正常
3.停止web01上的httpd，查看keepalived能否正常检测出并隔离故障机器
web01
# service httpd stop
backup
# ipvsadm
IP Virtual Server version 1.2.1 (size=4096)
Prot LocalAddress:Port Scheduler Flags
-> RemoteAddress:Port Forward Weight ActiveConn InActConn
TCP 192.168.1.130:http wrr persistent 50
-> web02:http Route 3 0 0 --正常隔离了web01
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