file结构体，代表一个打开的文件，与用户空间的FILE不一样。有open于内核创建。
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struct file {
/*
* fu_list becomes invalid after file_free is called and queued via
* fu_rcuhead for RCU freeing
*/
union {
struct list_head fu_list;
struct rcu_head fu_rcuhead;
} f_u;
struct path f_path;
#define f_dentry f_path.dentry
#define f_vfsmnt f_path.mnt
const struct file_operations *f_op;
atomic_t f_count;
unsigned int f_flags;
mode_t f_mode;
loff_t f_pos;
struct fown_struct f_owner;
unsigned int f_uid, f_gid;
struct file_ra_state f_ra;
unsigned long f_version;
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
void *f_security;
#endif
/* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
void *private_data;
#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL
/* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */
struct list_head f_ep_links;
spinlock_t f_ep_lock;
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL */
struct address_space *f_mapping;
};
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inode 结构由内核在内部用来表示文件. 因此, 它和代表打开文件描述符的文
件结构是不同的. 可能有代表单个文件的多个打开描述符的许多文件结构, 但
是它们都指向一个单个 inode 结构.
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struct inode {
struct hlist_node i_hash;
struct list_head i_list;
struct list_head i_sb_list;
struct list_head i_dentry;
unsigned long i_ino;
atomic_t i_count;
unsigned int i_nlink;
uid_t i_uid;
gid_t i_gid;
dev_t i_rdev;
unsigned long i_version;
loff_t i_size;
#ifdef __NEED_I_SIZE_ORDERED
seqcount_t i_size_seqcount;
#endif
struct timespec i_atime;
struct timespec i_mtime;
struct timespec i_ctime;
unsigned int i_blkbits;
blkcnt_t i_blocks;
unsigned short i_bytes;
umode_t i_mode;
spinlock_t i_lock; /* i_blocks, i_bytes, maybe i_size */
struct mutex i_mutex;
struct rw_semaphore i_alloc_sem;
struct inode_operations *i_op;
const struct file_operations *i_fop; /* former ->i_op->default_file_ops */
struct super_block *i_sb;
struct file_lock *i_flock;
struct address_space *i_mapping;
struct address_space i_data;
#ifdef CONFIG_QUOTA
struct dquot *i_dquot[MAXQUOTAS];
#endif
struct list_head i_devices;
union {
struct pipe_inode_info *i_pipe;
struct block_device *i_bdev;
struct cdev *i_cdev;
};
int i_cindex;
__u32 i_generation;
#ifdef CONFIG_DNOTIFY
unsigned long i_dnotify_mask; /* Directory notify events */
struct dnotify_struct *i_dnotify; /* for directory notifications */
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_INOTIFY
struct list_head inotify_watches; /* watches on this inode */
struct mutex inotify_mutex; /* protects the watches list */
#endif
unsigned long i_state;
unsigned long dirtied_when; /* jiffies of first dirtying */
unsigned int i_flags;
atomic_t i_writecount;
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
void *i_security;
#endif
void *i_private; /* fs or device private pointer */
};
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3.4 字符设备的注册
内核在内部使用类型 struct cdev 的结构来代表字符设备. 在内核调用你的设备操作前, 你编写分配并注册一个或几个这些结构.为此,你的代码应当包含 , 这个结构和它的关联帮助函数定义在这里.（原话）。
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struct cdev {
struct kobject kobj;
struct module *owner; //所属模块
const struct file_operations *ops;
//文件操作结构，在写驱动时，其结构体内的大部分函数要被实现
struct list_head list;
dev_t dev; //设备号，int 类型，高12位为主设备号，低20位为次设备号
unsigned int count;
};
//独立初始化cdev
struct cdev *my_cdev = cdev_alloc();
my_cdev->ops = &my_fops;
//通知内核
int cdev_add(struct cdev *dev, dev_t num, unsigned int count);
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scull 中的设备注册
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struct scull_dev {
struct scull_qset *data; /* Pointer to first quantum set */
int quantum; /* the current quantum size */
int qset; /* the current array size */
unsigned long size; /* amount of data stored here */
unsigned int access_key; /* used by sculluid and scullpriv */
struct semaphore sem; /* mutual exclusion semaphore */
struct cdev cdev; /* Char device structure */
};
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我们关注于 cdev, 我们的设备与内核接口的 struct cdev. 这个结构必须初始化并且如上所述添加到系统中; 处理这个任务的 scull 代码是:
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static void scull_setup_cdev(struct scull_dev *dev, int index)
{
int err, devno = MKDEV(scull_major, scull_minor + index);
cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &scull_fops);
dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
dev->cdev.ops = &scull_fops;
err = cdev_add (&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
/* Fail gracefully if need be */
if (err)
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding scull%d", err, index);
}
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因为 cdev 结构嵌在 struct scull_dev 里面, cdev_init 必须调用来进行那个结构的初始化.
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