Linux的根文件系统制作
一、移植环境
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主 机：VMWare--Fedora 9
·
开发板：Micro2440--128MB
Nand
·
编译器：arm-linux-gcc-4.3.2
·
yaffs补丁：cvs-root.tar.gz 这里下载
·
Busybox：busybox-1.13.0.tar.tar
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yaffs制作工具：mkyaffs2image.tgz
二、移植步骤
1. 准备工作目录和进入工作目录
2. 给内核打上yaffs补丁，使内核对yaffs的支持
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#tar
-zxvf cvs-root.tar.gz
#cd cvs/yaffs2/
#./patch-ker.sh c /root/my2440/linux-2.6.30.4/
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3. 配置内核，使其对yaffs2文件系统的支持。配置完后重新编译内核，下载到开发板上
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File
systems --->
< > Second
extended fs support
< > Ext3
journalling file system support
< > The
Extended 4 (ext4) filesystem
< > Reiserfs
support
< > JFS
filesystem support
< > XFS
filesystem support
< > OCFS2 file
system support
< > Btrfs
filesystem (EXPERIMENTAL) Unstable disk format
[*] Enable POSIX
file locking API
[*] Dnotify support
[*] Inotify file
change notification support
[*] Inotify support
for userspace
[ ] Quota support
Kernel automounter
support
Kernel automounter
version 4 support (also supports v3)
FUSE (Filesystem in
Userspace) support
Caches
--->
CD-ROM/DVD
Filesystems --->
<*>
ISO 9660 CDROM file system support
[
] Microsoft Joliet CDROM extensions
[
] Transparent decompression extension
<
> UDF file system support
DOS/FAT/NT
Filesystems --->
<*>
MSDOS fs support
<*>
VFAT (Windows-95) fs support
(437)
Default codepage for FAT
(iso8859-1)
Default iocharset for FAT
<
> NTFS file system support
Pseudo
filesystems --->
[*] Miscellaneous
filesystems --->
---
Miscellaneous filesystems
<
> ADFS file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<
> Amiga FFS file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<
> Apple Macintosh file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<
> Apple Extended HFS file system support
<
> BeOS file system (BeFS) support (read only) (EXPERIMENTAL)
<
> BFS file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
<
> EFS file system support (read only) (EXPERIMENTAL)
<*>
YAFFS2 file system support
-*-
512 byte / page devices
[
] Use older-style on-NAND data format with pageStatus byte
[
] Lets Yaffs do its own ECC
-*-
2048 byte (or larger) / page devices
[*]
Autoselect yaffs2 format
[
] Disable lazy loading
[
] Turn off wide tnodes
[
] Force chunk erase check
[*]
Cache short names in RAM
<*>
Journalling Flash File System v2 (JFFS2) support
(0)
JFFS2 debugging verbosity (0 = quiet, 2 = noisy)
[*]
JFFS2 write-buffering support
[
] Verify JFFS2 write-buffer reads
[*]
JFFS2 summary support (EXPERIMENTAL)
[
] JFFS2 XATTR support (EXPERIMENTAL)
[
] Advanced compression options for JFFS2
<*>
Compressed ROM file system support (cramfs)
SquashFS 4.0 - Squashed file system support
[
] Additional option for memory-constrained systems
<
> FreeVxFS file system support (VERITAS VxFS(TM) compatible)
<
> Minix file system support
<
> SonicBlue Optimized MPEG File System support
<
> OS/2 HPFS file system support
<
> QNX4 file system support (read only)
<*>
ROM file system support
RomFS
backing stores (Block device-backed ROM file system support) --
<
> System V/Xenix/V7/Coherent file system support
<
> UFS file system support (read only)
<
> NILFS2 file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
[*] Network File
Systems --->
Partition
Types --->
-*- Native language
support --->
< >
Distributed Lock Manager (DLM) --->
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4. 编译busybox生成文件系统所需要的应用程序
1)解压busybox源码，修改Makefile使之编译成ARM平台:
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#tar
-jxvf busybox-1.13.0.tar.tar
#cd busybox-1.13.0
#gedit Makefile
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大概164行改成CROSS_COMPILE = arm-linux- ，189行改成ARCH = arm
2)配置busybox选项，下面只列出了要注意的地方，没有列出的默认即可
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#make
menuconfig
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|
Busybox
Settings --->
General
Configuration --->
Buffer
allocation policy (Allocate with Malloc) --->
[*]
Show verbose applet usage messages
[*]
Store applet usage messages in compressed form
[*]
Support --install [-s] to install applet links at runtime
[*]
Enable locale support (system needs locale for this to work)
[*]
Support for --long-options
[*]
Use the devpts filesystem for Unix98 PTYs
[*]
Support writing pidfiles
[*]
Runtime SUID/SGID configuration via /etc/busybox.conf
[*]
Suppress warning message if /etc/busybox.conf is not readable
(/proc/self/exe)
Path to BusyBox executable
Build Options
--->
[*]
Build BusyBox as a static binary (no shared libs)
[*]
Build with Large File Support (for accessing files > 2 GB)
Installation Options
--->
[
] Don't use /usr
Applets
links (as soft-links) --->
(./_install)
BusyBox installation prefix
Busybox Library
Tuning --->
(6)
Minimum password length
(2)
MD5: Trade Bytes for Speed
[*]
Faster /proc scanning code (+100 bytes)
[*]
Command line editing
(1024)
Maximum length of input
[*]
vi-style line editing commands
(15)
History size
[*]
History saving
[*]
Tab completion
[*]
Fancy shell prompts
(4)
Copy buffer size, in kilobytes
[*]
Use ioctl names rather than hex values in error messages
[*]
Support infiniband HW
Linux Module Utilities --->
(/lib/modules)
Default directory containing modules
(modules.dep)
Default name of modules.dep
[*] insmod
[*] rmmod
[*] lsmod
[*] modprobe
--- Options common
to multiple modutils
[ ] Support version
2.2/2.4 Linux kernels
[*] Support tainted
module checking with new kernels
[*] Support for
module.aliases file
[*] Support for
module.symbols fileLinux System Utilities --->
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3)编译和安装busybox，安装完后会在busybox-1.13.0/_install/目录下生成：bin、linuxrc、sbin、usr
5. 开始构建文件系统
1)新建一个目录root-2.6.30.4，把busybox-1.13.0/_install/目录下生成：bin、linuxrc、sbin、usr复制过来，并且在该目录下创建文件系统所需要的其他目录
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#mkdir
root-2.6.30.4
#cp -rf busybox-1.13.0/_install/* root-2.6.30.4/
#cd root-2.6.30.4/
#mkdir dev etc home lib mnt opt proc tmp var
www
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2)向各目录中添加文件系统所需要的目录或文件，没有提到的就不用添加。这里要注意各种文件的权限，建议都改为777，命令：#chmod 777 文件名
"dev"目录，创建两个设备文件：
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#mknod
console c 5 1
#mknod null c 1 3
#mknod
ttySAC0 c 204 64
#mknod
mtdblock0 b 31 0
#mknod
mtdblock1 b 31 1
#mknod
mtdblock2 b 31 2
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"etc"目录，创建各种配置文件并向里面添加内容，没有列出的就不用添加：
boa/boa.conf: boa WEB服务器配置文件，暂时为空。
group: 系统用户组配置文件，内容如下：
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root:*:0:
daemon:*:1:
bin:*:2:
sys:*:3:
adm:*:4:
tty:*:5:
disk:*:6:
lp:*:7:lp
mail:*:8:
news:*:9:
uucp:*:10:
proxy:*:13:
kmem:*:15:
dialout:*:20:
fax:*:21:
voice:*:22:
cdrom:*:24:
floppy:*:25:
tape:*:26:
sudo:*:27:
audio:*:29:
ppp:x:99:
500:x:500:plg
501:x:501:fa
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inittab: 系统init进程配置文件，内容如下：
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#
/etc/inittab
::sysinit:/etc/init.d/rcS
console::askfirst:-/bin/sh
::ctrlaltdel:/sbin/reboot
::shutdown:/bin/umount -a -r
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mime.types: 暂时为空。
passwd: 系统密码文件，内容如下：
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root::0:0:root:/:/bin/sh
ftp::14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:
bin:*:1:1:bin:/bin:
daemon:*:2:2:daemon:/sbin:
nobody:*:99:99:Nobody:/:
sky::502:502:Linux User,,,:/home/sky:/bin/sh
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rc.d/init.d/httpd: 内容如下：
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#!/bin/sh
base=boa
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
/usr/sbin/$base
;;
stop)
pid=`/bin/pidof $base`
if [ -n "$pid" ];
then
kill
-9 $pid
fi
;;
esac
exit 0
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sysconfig/HOSTNAME:
主机名称文件，内容如下：
fstab: 系统挂载文件系统列表，内容如下：
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#
device mount-point type
options dump fsck order
none /proc
proc
defaults 0 0
none /dev/pts
devpts mode=0622 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm
tmpfs defaults 0
0
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init.d/rcS: 系统启动加载项，内容如下：
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#!/bin/sh
PATH=/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
runlevel=S
prevlevel=N
umask 022
export PATH runlevel prevlevel
#
# Trap CTRL-C &c
only in this shell so we can interrupt subprocesses.
#
/bin/mount -t proc none /proc
/bin/mount -t tmpfs none /tmp
/bin/mount -t tmpfs none /var
/bin/mkdir -p /var/log
/bin/hostname -F /etc/sysconfig/HOSTNAME
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mdev.conf: mdev设备配置文件，暂时为空。
net.conf: 网络配置文件，暂时为空。
profile: 用户环境配置文件，内容如下：
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#
Ash profile
# vim: syntax=sh
# No core files by default
#ulimit -S -c 0 > /dev/null 2>&1
USER="`id -un`"
LOGNAME=$USER
PS1='[\u@\h \W]\# '
PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib
HOSTNAME=`/bin/hostname`
export USER LOGNAME PS1 PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH
|
resolv.conf: DNS配置文件，内容如下：
"home"目录：创建一个sky目录，与etc目录passwd文件中的sky相对应
"lib"目录：这个里面放的都是库文件，直接从交叉编译器的库文件目录中拷贝过来：
|
#cp
-f /usr/local/arm/4.3.2/arm-none-linux-gnueabi/libc/armv4t/lib/*so*
lib/ -a
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6.
使用yaffs制作工具编译构建好的文件系统。先解压mkyaffs2image.tgz（这个工具是友善提供的，可以在他们的网站上下载），会自动解压到开发主机的/usr/sbin/目录下。编译后生成的文件系统镜像root-2.6.30.4.bin也在这个目录下
|
#tar -zxvf
mkyaffs2image.tgz
#mkyaffs2image root-2.6.30.4/
root-2.6.30.4.bin
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7. 下载yaffs2文件系统镜像到开发板上测试，使用情况如下：
现在还没成功。不知道哪里出了问题，
8. 使用cramfs制作工具编译构建好的文件系统。这个工具的名字叫做mkcramfs，在网上找一下到处都是. 也可以从下载cramfs-1.1.tar.gz。然后执行
tar
zxvf cramfs-1.1.tar.gz
进入解包之后生成cramfs-1.1目录，执行编译命令：
make
编译完成之后，会生成mkcramfs和cramfsck两个工具，把他们cp到 /usr/bin/下。就可以像其他命令一样执行了。
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#mkcramfs
root-2.6.30.4/ root-2.6.30.4.cramfs
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9. 下载cramfs文件系统镜像到开发板上测试，使用情况如下：
10 后记
我按照网上的资料做了很多次文件系统。Yaffs2的就是不成功。有人说是制作工具的问题，有人说busybox的版本和编译器之间的问题。我也不知道是怎么回事。于是我改用了cramfs就成功了，现在继续研究为什么不能制作成功yaffs2的文件系统。
