Spice

Overview

is a protocol that allows for high-quality virtual machine access using VDI over a network. It could be used as a communication layer between thin clients and their associated virtualized operating systems, or it could be used as it is in the COSI lab for normal machines to have quick access to a variety of different operating systems, or in any other configuration where it is better for a virtual machine to be running remotely.

SPICE on Ubuntu

As SPICE is under development by Red Hat, binary packages are rpm-based. However, it is possible to run both the SPICE server and client on 64-bit Ubuntu machines, if they are compiled from source. There are several dependencies that must be installed before SPICE can be compiled; dependencies not already available in the standard Ubuntu repositories must also be compiled from source. Please follow the instructions below to compile the SPICE server and client.

These instructions are for installing SPICE 0.6 on 64-bit Ubuntu 10.04. It is not possible to install a SPICE server on any 32-bit system due to its reliance on 64-bit atomic operations, and the process for installing just the client on 32-bit systems no longer appears to be supported.

Please direct comments or questions about this guide to .

Initial set-up

Some standard tools are required:

sudo apt-get install build-essential autoconf git-core

Also, install some dependencies from the repositories:

sudo apt-get install libtool liblog4cpp5-dev libavcodec-dev libssl-dev xlibmesa-glu-dev libasound-dev libpng12-dev libfreetype6-dev libfontconfig1-dev libogg-dev libxrandr-dev kvm libgcrypt-dev libsdl-dev

Finally, create a directory to compile from and descend into it:

mkdir spice-sources
cd spice-sources

Installing Dependencies

Spice protocol headers

The first dependency to install is the spice protocol headers.

wget 
tar xvf spice-protocol-0.6.0.tar.gz
cd spice-protocol-0.6.0/
./configure
make
sudo make install
cd ..

qpixman and pixman

SPICE requires a special version of pixman unavailable in the Ubuntu repositories. It is available from the SPICE homepage.

wget 
tar xvf qpixman-0.13.3-git20090127.tar.bz2
cd qpixman-0.13.3-git20090127/
./autogen.sh --includedir=/usr/include --libdir=/usr/lib64
make
sudo make install
cd ..

We must also install a newer version of the normal pixman library, available from the SPICE project's git repository.

git clone git://anongit.freedesktop.org/pixman
cd pixman/
./autogen.sh --includedir=/usr/include --libdir=/usr/lib64
make
sudo make install
cd ..

celt

SPICE requires a specific version of the celt audio codec (0.5.1.3). Since it is unavailable in the Ubuntu repositories, it must also be compiled.

wget 
tar xvf celt-0.5.1.3.tar.gz
cd celt-0.5.1.3/
./configure --includedir=/usr/include --libdir=/usr/lib64
make
sudo make install
cd ..

qcairo

SPICE requires a modified version of the cairo graphics library, named qcairo. Sources are available on the spice homepage.

wget 
tar xvf qcairo-1.8.7.1-git74d6b5.tar.bz2
cd qcairo-1.8.7.1-git74d6b5/
./autogen.sh --disable-xlib --disable-ps --disable-pdf --disable-svg --includedir=/usr/include --libdir=/usr/lib64
make
sudo make install
cd ..

Installing SPICE

libspice and the SPICE client

Finally, all of the dependencies are satisfied and we can install the SPICE server. It comes in two parts: one part is libspice (we will later compile a new version of qemu with spice support to use it), and the other is the spice client. They are both installed at the same time.

NOTE: This section can only be performed on a 64-bit system! Client-only installation on a 32-bit system no longer appears to be supported.

wget 
tar xf spice-0.6.0.tar.gz
cd spice-0.6.0/
./configure --includedir=/usr/include --libdir=/usr/lib64
make
sudo make install
cd ..

"Spiced" QEMU

Support for SPICE 0.6 is currently included in a late 0.13 release of QEMU, we will install that version now. We will be installing this "spiced" QEMU alongside the system QEMU, so make sure you perform the installation in some permanent location. I chose /opt/qemu-spice, but you can do it wherever you want.

Note that we must switch to a branch of the qemu git tree - v19 is the latest branch at time of writing (2010-09-23). According to the SPICE documentation the branch number is in flux and is subject to change.

This whole subsection should be done as root, to avoid exposing /opt to ordinary users. If you don't want to work as root, prepend each command with sudo.

cd /opt
mkdir qemu-spice
cd qemu-spice/
git clone git://git.freedesktop.org/git/spice/qemu
cd qemu/
git checkout -b spice.v19 origin/spice.v19

Now we have to change the configure script to not set the -Werror CFLAG. This is dangerous, but I couldn't get qemu to compile without forcing the configure script to not set it. Open the configure script in your favorite editor and find the part that looks like:

if test "$werror" = "yes" ; then
    QEMU_CFLAGS="-Werror $QEMU_CFLAGS"
fi

Change it to remove the -Werror, like so:

if test "$werror" = "yes" ; then
    QEMU_CFLAGS="$QEMU_CFLAGS"
fi

Now, run the configure script and make QEMU. Please note that compiling QEMU in this way will enable it to emulate only a 64-bit host; add extra targets if you need other architectures.

./configure --target-list=x86_64-softmmu --enable-spice --enable-io-thread
make

QEMU needs certain BIOS files to be able to start SPICE VMs, so we have to copy them to a location QEMU expects to find them.

cp pc-bios/vgabios-qxl.bin /usr/share/qemu/
cp pc-bios/pxe-e1000.bin /usr/share/qemu/

Spiced QEMU is now available, the executable is located at /opt/qemu-spice/qemu/x86_64-softmmu/qemu-system-x86_64. Make a symlink for convenient invocation:

ln -s /opt/qemu-spice/qemu/x86_64-softmmu/qemu-system-x86_64 /usr/sbin/qemu-spice

And that's it! You can invoke qemu-spice with the argument "-spice" to start a SPICE server. As soon as QEMU 0.14 is released, however, you can use the QEMU package available in the Ubuntu repositories instead, since it will include SPICE support by default.

Appendix: Ubuntu SPICE PPA

In past revisions of this page, Adam J. Lincoln's PPA containing debian packages for qcairo, qpixman, etc. and the spice client was mentioned. It no longer appears to be actively maintained, and almost certainly carries an old, incompatible version of SPICE (0.4). If you wish to use SPICE, please compile it from source using the method described above.

SPICE on Fedora

It is considerably easier to install SPICE on a Fedora system, since rpms are available. Gerd Hoffman maintains a that is kept up to date with the latest in SPICE development, and the version of QEMU with spice support enabled natively will be available in Fedora 14.

To install SPICE on 64-bit Fedora 13, perform the following steps as root:

cd /etc/yum.repos.d
wget 
yum install spice-client qemu-spice

How To Use SPICE

Client

To invoke the spice client, use the command

spicec -h  -p 

Server

Invoking the spice server is rather more complex than the client, since you have to set the parameters of the virtualized guest. For example,

qemu-spice -spice port=5930,disable-ticketing -drive file=/path/to/image -vga qxl -device AC97 -usbdevice tablet -m 1024 -enable-kvm -net nic -net user

will start a SPICE server VM on port 5930 from the image at the supplied path, with:

• qxl graphics (you need this for spice to be of any use)
• an AC97 sound device
• a tablet input device (using a virtualized tablet generally gives better results than a virtualized mouse)
• 1024M of memory available
• KVM support enabled (you really want this, as the guest is quite slow otherwise)
• a user-controllable virtualized nic

It is also possible to use virtio if your system supports it; doing so will lead to significant performance gains for the guest. Modify the -drive argument like so:

-drive file=/path/to/image,if=virtio

And, modify the -net argument like so:

-net nic,model=virtio

When a SPICE server is started, its virtual guest boots and at any point until the guest is shut down a client can connect to and interact with the guest.

Special instructions for using a Windows guest

SPICE aims to provide a high-quality interface between the remote client and the guest VM. To this end, a SPICE-specific Windows driver has been written to enable smooth operation of the mouse, eliminating the "choppiness" that has before been a problem when running an XP guest. When you boot the SPICE Windows guest, follow to enable it. Note that you must start the guest with option -vga qxl in order for the mouse driver to work.

SPICE in COSI

The is aimed at providing COSI members and students with personalizable virtual machines. The project is still in its early stages, but development is ongoing; we are looking to integrate with and .

External Resources