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Linux Run level scripts

分类： LINUX

2012-08-30 20:05:45

Linux Run level scripts
Linux 运行级别脚本

The runlevel scripts are used to bring up many system and networking functions. Since some functions are interdependent on other functions there is some required order in which these scripts must be run in order to bring the system up and to bring it gracefully down. Each runlevel has its own set of start(S) and kill(K) scripts but all these scripts are supported in the directory /etc/rc.d/init.d. This is because the start and kill scripts are soft links to the files in the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory.
运行级别脚本用于启动许多系统与网络功能。由于一些功能与其他功能是相互作用的，因而需要脚本必须按照特定的顺序执行，以使得系统正常启动与合理关闭。每一个运行级别都拥有一系列启动（S）与终止（K）脚本，所有的脚本均在目录/etc/rc.d/init.d中。这是因为起始于终止脚本是指向目录/etc/rc.d/init.d中文件的软连接。

The rc script Program
rc脚本程序

The script file /etc/rc.d/rc is run for the appropriate runlevel (typically 3 or 5) This file does the following:
脚本文件/etc/rc.d/rc用于运行合适的运行级别的脚本（通常为3或5），该脚本完成下功能：

1、It gets the previous and current system runlevels.
   获取先前与当前的系统运行级别。
   
2、If the word confirm is in the file "/proc/cmdline" it sets up to run the scripts below in user confirmation mode.
    如果/proc/cmdline中设定了确认字段（confirm），则系统启动时将以确认模式执行脚本
    
3、All kill files (files whose first letter is 'K') in the subdirectory "/etc/rc.d/rc3.d" (assuming the previous runlevel was 3) are run.
The parameter stop is usually passed on the command line to the kill script.
   运行子目录"/etc/rc.d/rc3.d"中的所有终止文件（文件名以‘K’开始）（假定之前系统运行级别为3）。通常将参数stop传递给终止脚本的命令行。

4、All startup files (files whose first letter is 'S") in the subdirectory "/etc/rc.d/rc5.d" (assuming the current runlevel is 5) are
run. The parameter start is usually passed on the command line to the startup script.
   运行子目录"/etc/rc.d/rc3.d"中的所有启动文件（文件名以‘S’开头）（假定当前系统运行级别为5），通常将参数start 作为命令行传递给startup脚本

These runlevel scripts are used to bring up (or down) various system services such as cron and gpm along with networking services from
the network cards through Samba, and servers like DNS, DHCP, and NFS. A directory listing of the files in the /etc/rc.d/init.d will
reveal the many possible services that the system can support.
这些运行级脚本用于启动（终止）不同的系统服务，例如cron，gpm以及网络服务，DNS,DHCP,NFS.目录/etc/rc.d/init.d中的文件反应了系统可以支持的服务

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 May 5 10:00 .
  2. drwxr-xr-x 10 root root 4096 Apr 28 04:08 ..
  3. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 766 Sep 13 1999 amd
  4. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1231 Sep 20 1999 apmd
  5. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 827 Sep 9 1999 arpwatch
  6. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 989 Aug 16 1999 atd
  7. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 4816 Sep 20 1999 autofs
  8. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1011 Dec 20 08:21 bootparamd
  9. -rw------- 1 root root 1101824 Mar 2 11:25 core
  10. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1031 Sep 10 1999 crond
  11. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 975 Apr 28 04:19 dhcpd
  12. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 7386 Sep 20 1999 functions
  13. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1417 Aug 16 1999 gated
  14. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1261 Sep 24 1999 gpm
  15. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3129 Sep 20 1999 halt
  16. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 865 Sep 21 1999 httpd
  17. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1151 Sep 13 1999 identd
  18. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1463 Sep 10 1999 inet
  19. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1924 Aug 30 1999 innd
  20. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6029 Sep 24 1999 isdn
  21. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1203 Sep 5 1999 keytable
  22. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 449 Sep 11 1999 killall
  23. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1172 Sep 24 1999 kudzu
  24. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1890 Sep 13 1999 ldap
  25. lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 43 Dec 17 05:25 linuxconf -> /usr/lib/linuxconf/redhat/scripts/linuxconf
  26. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1176 Sep 10 1999 lpd
  27. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1104 Sep 10 1999 mars-nwe
  28. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1171 Sep 24 1999 mcserv
  29. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1331 Sep 24 1999 named
  30. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3217 Sep 20 1999 netfs
  31. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6573 Sep 21 1999 network
  32. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2257 Sep 24 1999 nfs
  33. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1722 Sep 24 1999 nfslock
  34. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1603 Sep 20 1999 nscd
  35. -r-xr-xr-x 1 root root 3439 Sep 27 1999 pcmcia
  36. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1086 Sep 10 1999 portmap
  37. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2435 Sep 26 1999 postgresql
  38. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1260 Sep 25 1999 pulse
  39. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 955 Sep 26 1999 pxe
  40. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1532 Feb 4 1999 random
  41. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1270 Sep 10 1999 routed
  42. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 780 Sep 22 1999 rstatd
  43. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 974 Sep 22 1999 rusersd
  44. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 941 Aug 16 1999 rwalld
  45. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 882 Sep 9 1999 rwhod
  46. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1549 Sep 1 1999 sendmail
  47. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1451 Apr 15 1999 single
  48. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1177 Sep 25 1999 smb
  49. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 851 Aug 31 1999 snmpd
  50. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2306 Sep 11 1999 squid
  51. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1027 Dec 21 14:04 syslog
  52. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1033 Jan 10 06:40 xfs
  53. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1212 Aug 16 1999 xntpd
  54. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1575 Sep 22 1999 ypbind
  55. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1084 Aug 17 1999 yppasswdd
  56. -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1137 Aug 17 1999 ypserv
These services are can be functionally categorized as a system service or a network service. They are described in more detail in the section on Daemons and Services. For more information on how some of the script files for these services run, read the Linux startup Manual. Normally any of these services may be stopped, started, restarted, or status be checked by typing the name of one of these services (with the correct path) followed by the word stop, start, restart, or status respectively. For example the line:
这些服务可以分为系统服务与网络服务。在守护进程与服务部分将对其进行更详细的描述。为了获取更多关于脚本如何运行服务的信息，请参阅Linux 启动手册。通常情况下可以通过在这些服务（使用正确的路径）的后面加上stop，start，restarted或者status来终止，启动，重启，或者获取其状态。
例如：

/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs restart

will restart network file sharing assuming it was running. To see the status type:
将假设该服务正在运行，并重新启动网络共享。为了获取服务状态：

/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs status

The rc.local Script Program
rc.local脚本程序

The file "/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99.local" is a link file to the file "/etc/rc.d/rc.local". This file doesn't do much except for setting up
the "/etc/issue" and "/etc/issue.net" files to reflect the system version when a user begins a terminal or telnet session. This is where most administrators will put any system customizations they want to make.
文件“/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99.local”是文件“/etc/rc.d/rc.local”的软连接文件。该文件不做很多事情，它仅仅设定/etc/issue以及/etc/issue.net文件，
在用于启动一个终端或者一个远程登录的回话时，二者反应系统版本信息。系统管理员往往将一些个性化的设置列在该文件（/etc/rc.local）之中。



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