Linux Run level scripts

Linux Run level scripts

Linux 运行级别脚本

The runlevel scripts are used to bring up many system and networking functions. Since some functions are interdependent on other functions there is some required order in which these scripts must be run in order to bring the system up and to bring it gracefully down. Each runlevel has its own set of start(S) and kill(K) scripts but all these scripts are supported in the directory /etc/rc.d/init.d. This is because the start and kill scripts are soft links to the files in the /etc/rc.d/init.d directory.

运行级别脚本用于启动许多系统与网络功能。由于一些功能与其他功能是相互作用的，因而需要脚本必须按照特定的顺序执行，以使得系统正常启动与合理关闭。每一个运行级别都拥有一系列启动（S）与终止（K）脚本，所有的脚本均在目录/etc/rc.d/init.d中。这是因为起始于终止脚本是指向目录/etc/rc.d/init.d中文件的软连接。

The rc script Program

rc脚本程序

The script file /etc/rc.d/rc is run for the appropriate runlevel (typically 3 or 5) This file does the following:

脚本文件/etc/rc.d/rc用于运行合适的运行级别的脚本（通常为3或5），该脚本完成下功能：

1、It gets the previous and current system runlevels.

   获取先前与当前的系统运行级别。

   

2、If the word confirm is in the file "/proc/cmdline" it sets up to run the scripts below in user confirmation mode.

    如果/proc/cmdline中设定了确认字段（confirm），则系统启动时将以确认模式执行脚本

    

3、All kill files (files whose first letter is 'K') in the subdirectory "/etc/rc.d/rc3.d" (assuming the previous runlevel was 3) are run.

The parameter stop is usually passed on the command line to the kill script.

   运行子目录"/etc/rc.d/rc3.d"中的所有终止文件（文件名以‘K’开始）（假定之前系统运行级别为3）。通常将参数stop传递给终止脚本的命令行。

4、All startup files (files whose first letter is 'S") in the subdirectory "/etc/rc.d/rc5.d" (assuming the current runlevel is 5) are

run. The parameter start is usually passed on the command line to the startup script.

   运行子目录"/etc/rc.d/rc3.d"中的所有启动文件（文件名以‘S’开头）（假定当前系统运行级别为5），通常将参数start 作为命令行传递给startup脚本

These runlevel scripts are used to bring up (or down) various system services such as cron and gpm along with networking services from

the network cards through Samba, and servers like DNS, DHCP, and NFS. A directory listing of the files in the /etc/rc.d/init.d will

reveal the many possible services that the system can support.

这些运行级脚本用于启动（终止）不同的系统服务，例如cron，gpm以及网络服务，DNS,DHCP,NFS.目录/etc/rc.d/init.d中的文件反应了系统可以支持的服务

drwxr-xr-x   2 root     root         4096 May  5 10:00 .
drwxr-xr-x  10 root     root         4096 Apr 28 04:08 ..
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          766 Sep 13  1999 amd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1231 Sep 20  1999 apmd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          827 Sep  9  1999 arpwatch
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          989 Aug 16  1999 atd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         4816 Sep 20  1999 autofs
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1011 Dec 20 08:21 bootparamd
-rw-------   1 root     root      1101824 Mar  2 11:25 core
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1031 Sep 10  1999 crond
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          975 Apr 28 04:19 dhcpd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         7386 Sep 20  1999 functions
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1417 Aug 16  1999 gated
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1261 Sep 24  1999 gpm
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         3129 Sep 20  1999 halt
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          865 Sep 21  1999 httpd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1151 Sep 13  1999 identd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1463 Sep 10  1999 inet
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1924 Aug 30  1999 innd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         6029 Sep 24  1999 isdn
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1203 Sep  5  1999 keytable
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          449 Sep 11  1999 killall
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1172 Sep 24  1999 kudzu
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1890 Sep 13  1999 ldap
lrwxrwxrwx   1 root     root           43 Dec 17 05:25 linuxconf -> /usr/lib/linuxconf/redhat/scripts/linuxconf
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1176 Sep 10  1999 lpd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1104 Sep 10  1999 mars-nwe
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1171 Sep 24  1999 mcserv
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1331 Sep 24  1999 named
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         3217 Sep 20  1999 netfs
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         6573 Sep 21  1999 network
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         2257 Sep 24  1999 nfs
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1722 Sep 24  1999 nfslock
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1603 Sep 20  1999 nscd
-r-xr-xr-x   1 root     root         3439 Sep 27  1999 pcmcia
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1086 Sep 10  1999 portmap
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         2435 Sep 26  1999 postgresql
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1260 Sep 25  1999 pulse
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          955 Sep 26  1999 pxe
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1532 Feb  4  1999 random
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1270 Sep 10  1999 routed
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          780 Sep 22  1999 rstatd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          974 Sep 22  1999 rusersd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          941 Aug 16  1999 rwalld
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          882 Sep  9  1999 rwhod
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1549 Sep  1  1999 sendmail
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1451 Apr 15  1999 single
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1177 Sep 25  1999 smb
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root          851 Aug 31  1999 snmpd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         2306 Sep 11  1999 squid
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1027 Dec 21 14:04 syslog
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1033 Jan 10 06:40 xfs
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1212 Aug 16  1999 xntpd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1575 Sep 22  1999 ypbind
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1084 Aug 17  1999 yppasswdd
-rwxr-xr-x   1 root     root         1137 Aug 17  1999 ypserv

These services are can be functionally categorized as a system service or a network service. They are described in more detail in the section on Daemons and Services. For more information on how some of the script files for these services run, read the Linux startup Manual. Normally any of these services may be stopped, started, restarted, or status be checked by typing the name of one of these services (with the correct path) followed by the word stop, start, restart, or status respectively. For example the line:

这些服务可以分为系统服务与网络服务。在守护进程与服务部分将对其进行更详细的描述。为了获取更多关于脚本如何运行服务的信息，请参阅Linux 启动手册。通常情况下可以通过在这些服务（使用正确的路径）的后面加上stop，start，restarted或者status来终止，启动，重启，或者获取其状态。

例如：

/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs restart

will restart network file sharing assuming it was running. To see the status type:

将假设该服务正在运行，并重新启动网络共享。为了获取服务状态：

/etc/rc.d/init.d/nfs status

The rc.local Script Program

rc.local脚本程序

The file "/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99.local" is a link file to the file "/etc/rc.d/rc.local". This file doesn't do much except for setting up

the "/etc/issue" and "/etc/issue.net" files to reflect the system version when a user begins a terminal or telnet session. This is where most administrators will put any system customizations they want to make.

文件“/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S99.local”是文件“/etc/rc.d/rc.local”的软连接文件。该文件不做很多事情，它仅仅设定/etc/issue以及/etc/issue.net文件，

在用于启动一个终端或者一个远程登录的回话时，二者反应系统版本信息。系统管理员往往将一些个性化的设置列在该文件（/etc/rc.local）之中。