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分类: Oracle

2009-12-07 22:14:33

11. 数据库备份与恢复

使用 Oracle 恢复管理器 (RMAN) 备份和恢复 Oracle RAC 数据库的过程与单实例数据库的备份和恢复过程相同。

在本部分中,您将看到一个非常简单的备份和恢复案例:

1. 执行完整的数据库备份。
2. 在 test_d 表空间中创建 mytable 表。
3. 在 t1 时间,向 mytable 中插入第一个记录。
4 在 t2 时间,向 mytable 中插入第二个记录。
5. 在 t3 时间,删除 mytable 表。
6. 将 test_d 表空间恢复到某个时间点。
7. 验证恢复结果。

执行完整的数据库备份。

rac1-> rman nocatalog target /

Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Nov 13 18:15:09 2006

Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: DEVDB (DBID=511198553)
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

RMAN> configure controlfile autobackup on; 

RMAN> backup database plus archivelog delete input;

在 test_d 表空间中创建 mytable 表。

19:01:56 SQL> connect system/oracle@devdb2
Connected.
19:02:01 SQL> create table mytable (col1 number) tablespace test_d;

Table created.

在 t1 时间,向 mytable 中插入第一个记录。

19:02:50 SQL> insert into mytable values (1);

1 row created.

19:02:59 SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

在 t2 时间,向 mytable 中插入第二个记录。

19:04:41 SQL> insert into mytable values (2);

1 row created.

19:04:46 SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

在 t3 时间,删除 mytable 表。

19:05:09 SQL> drop table mytable;

Table dropped.

将 test_d 表空间恢复到某个时间点。

为辅助数据库创建辅助目录。

rac1-> mkdir /u01/app/oracle/aux


RMAN> recover tablespace test_d
2> until time "to_date('13-NOV-2006 19:03:10','DD-MON-YYYY HH24:MI:SS')"
3> auxiliary destination '/u01/app/oracle/aux';

RMAN> backup tablespace test_d;

RMAN> sql 'alter tablespace test_d online';

验证恢复结果。

19:15:09 SQL> connect system/oracle@devdb2
Connected.
19:15:16 SQL> select * from mytable;

      COL1
----------
         1
 
 
 
 
附录:表空间时间点恢复输出脚本:
 
[oracle@node1 auxiliary]$ rman nocatalog target /
Recovery Manager: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Dec 11 10:14:59 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: TOMSYAN (DBID=3691867871)
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
RMAN> recover tablespace data 
2> until time "to_date('2009-12-11 10:11:31','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')"
3> auxiliary destination '/u01/app/auxiliary';
Starting recover at 11-DEC-09
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: sid=136 instance=tomsyan1 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: sid=134 instance=tomsyan1 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: sid=143 instance=tomsyan1 devtype=DISK
RMAN-05026: WARNING: presuming following set of tablespaces applies to specified point in time
List of tablespaces expected to have UNDO segments
tablespace SYSTEM
tablespace UNDOTBS1
tablespace UNDOTBS2
Creating automatic instance, with SID='aAwu'
initialization parameters used for automatic instance:
db_name=TOMSYAN
compatible=10.2.0.1.0
db_block_size=8192
db_files=200
db_unique_name=tspitr_TOMSYAN_aAwu
large_pool_size=1M
shared_pool_size=110M
#No auxiliary parameter file used
db_create_file_dest=/u01/app/auxiliary
control_files=/u01/app/auxiliary/cntrl_tspitr_TOMSYAN_aAwu.f

starting up automatic instance TOMSYAN
Oracle instance started
Total System Global Area     201326592 bytes
Fixed Size                     1218508 bytes
Variable Size                146802740 bytes
Database Buffers              50331648 bytes
Redo Buffers                   2973696 bytes
Automatic instance created
contents of Memory Script:
{
# set the until clause
set until  time "to_date('2009-12-11 10:11:31','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')";
# restore the controlfile
restore clone controlfile;
# mount the controlfile
sql clone 'alter database mount clone database';
# archive current online log for tspitr to a resent until time
sql 'alter system archive log current';
# avoid unnecessary autobackups for structural changes during TSPITR
sql 'begin dbms_backup_restore.AutoBackupFlag(FALSE); end;';
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
Starting restore at 11-DEC-09
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=33 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_2
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_2: sid=32 devtype=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_3
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_3: sid=31 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece +RECOVERYDEST/tomsyan/backupset/2009_12_10/ncnnf0_tag20091210t182229_0.267.705263089
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=+RECOVERYDEST/tomsyan/backupset/2009_12_10/ncnnf0_tag20091210t182229_0.267.705263089 tag=TAG20091210T182229
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
output filename=/u01/app/auxiliary/cntrl_tspitr_TOMSYAN_aAwu.f
Finished restore at 11-DEC-09
sql statement: alter database mount clone database
sql statement: alter system archive log current
sql statement: begin dbms_backup_restore.AutoBackupFlag(FALSE); end;
released channel: ORA_DISK_1
released channel: ORA_DISK_2
released channel: ORA_DISK_3
released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_2
released channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_3
contents of Memory Script:
{
# generated tablespace point-in-time recovery script
# set the until clause
set until  time "to_date('2009-12-11 10:11:31','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')";
plsql <<<-- tspitr_2
declare
  sqlstatement       varchar2(512);
  offline_not_needed exception;
  pragma exception_init(offline_not_needed, -01539);
begin
  sqlstatement := 'alter tablespace '||  'DATA' ||' offline for recover';
  krmicd.writeMsg(6162, sqlstatement);
  krmicd.execSql(sqlstatement);
exception
  when offline_not_needed then
    null;
end; >>>;
# set an omf destination filename for restore
set newname for clone datafile  1 to new;
# set an omf destination filename for restore
set newname for clone datafile  2 to new;
# set an omf destination filename for restore
set newname for clone datafile  6 to new;
# set an omf destination tempfile
set newname for clone tempfile  1 to new;
# set a destination filename for restore
set newname for datafile  7 to
 "+DGDATA/tomsyan/datafile/data.273.705254497";
# rename all tempfiles
switch clone tempfile all;
# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set plus the auxilliary tablespaces
restore clone datafile  1, 2, 6, 7;
switch clone datafile all;
#online the datafiles restored or flipped
sql clone "alter database datafile  1 online";
#online the datafiles restored or flipped
sql clone "alter database datafile  2 online";
#online the datafiles restored or flipped
sql clone "alter database datafile  6 online";
#online the datafiles restored or flipped
sql clone "alter database datafile  7 online";
# make the controlfile point at the restored datafiles, then recover them
recover clone database tablespace  "DATA", "SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "UNDOTBS2" delete archivelog;
alter clone database open resetlogs;
# PLUG HERE the creation of a temporary tablespace if export fails due to lack
# of temporary space.
# For example in Unix these two lines would do that:
#sql clone "create tablespace aux_tspitr_tmp
#           datafile ''/tmp/aux_tspitr_tmp.dbf'' size 500K";
}
executing Memory Script
executing command: SET until clause
sql statement: alter tablespace DATA offline for recover
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
executing command: SET NEWNAME
renamed temporary file 1 to /u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/datafile/o1_mf_temp_%u_.tmp in control file
Starting restore at 11-DEC-09
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: sid=32 devtype=DISK
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00007 to +DGDATA/tomsyan/datafile/data.273.705254497
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece +RECOVERYDEST/tomsyan/backupset/2009_12_10/nnndf0_tag20091210t175557_0.262.705261361
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=+RECOVERYDEST/tomsyan/backupset/2009_12_10/nnndf0_tag20091210t175557_0.262.705261361 tag=TAG20091210T175557
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece +RECOVERYDEST/tomsyan/backupset/2009_12_10/nnndf0_tag20091210t182229_0.265.705262957
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=+RECOVERYDEST/tomsyan/backupset/2009_12_10/nnndf0_tag20091210t182229_0.265.705262957 tag=TAG20091210T182229
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00006 to /u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs2_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece +RECOVERYDEST/tomsyan/backupset/2009_12_10/nnndf0_tag20091210t182229_0.266.705263073
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=+RECOVERYDEST/tomsyan/backupset/2009_12_10/nnndf0_tag20091210t182229_0.266.705263073 tag=TAG20091210T182229
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:08
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backupset restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
restoring datafile 00001 to /u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/datafile/o1_mf_system_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece +RECOVERYDEST/tomsyan/backupset/2009_12_10/nnndf0_tag20091210t182229_0.264.705262951
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
piece handle=+RECOVERYDEST/tomsyan/backupset/2009_12_10/nnndf0_tag20091210t182229_0.264.705262951 tag=TAG20091210T182229
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished restore at 11-DEC-09
datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=6 stamp=705320394 filename=/u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/datafile/o1_mf_system_5l3c1v6g_.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=7 stamp=705320394 filename=/u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_5l3c1jy2_.dbf
datafile 6 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy recid=8 stamp=705320394 filename=/u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs2_5l3c1q70_.dbf
sql statement: alter database datafile  1 online
sql statement: alter database datafile  2 online
sql statement: alter database datafile  6 online
sql statement: alter database datafile  7 online
Starting recover at 11-DEC-09
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1
starting media recovery
archive log thread 1 sequence 9 is already on disk as file +DGDATA/tomsyan/1_9_705244901.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 10 is already on disk as file +DGDATA/tomsyan/1_10_705244901.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 11 is already on disk as file +DGDATA/tomsyan/1_11_705244901.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 12 is already on disk as file +DGDATA/tomsyan/1_12_705244901.dbf
archive log thread 1 sequence 13 is already on disk as file +DGDATA/tomsyan/1_13_705244901.dbf
archive log thread 2 sequence 2 is already on disk as file +DGDATA/tomsyan/2_2_705244901.dbf
archive log thread 2 sequence 3 is already on disk as file +DGDATA/tomsyan/2_3_705244901.dbf
archive log thread 2 sequence 4 is already on disk as file +DGDATA/tomsyan/2_4_705244901.dbf
archive log filename=+DGDATA/tomsyan/1_9_705244901.dbf thread=1 sequence=9
archive log filename=+DGDATA/tomsyan/2_2_705244901.dbf thread=2 sequence=2
archive log filename=+DGDATA/tomsyan/1_10_705244901.dbf thread=1 sequence=10
archive log filename=+DGDATA/tomsyan/1_11_705244901.dbf thread=1 sequence=11
archive log filename=+DGDATA/tomsyan/1_12_705244901.dbf thread=1 sequence=12
archive log filename=+DGDATA/tomsyan/2_3_705244901.dbf thread=2 sequence=3
archive log filename=+DGDATA/tomsyan/1_13_705244901.dbf thread=1 sequence=13
archive log filename=+DGDATA/tomsyan/2_4_705244901.dbf thread=2 sequence=4
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
Finished recover at 11-DEC-09
database opened
contents of Memory Script:
{
# export the tablespaces in the recovery set
host 'exp userid =\") as sysdba\" point_in_time_recover=y tablespaces=
 DATA file=
tspitr_a.dmp';
# shutdown clone before import
shutdown clone immediate
# import the tablespaces in the recovery set
host 'imp userid =\"/@ as sysdba\" point_in_time_recover=y file=
tspitr_a.dmp';
# online/offline the tablespace imported
sql "alter tablespace  DATA online";
sql "alter tablespace  DATA offline";
# enable autobackups in case user does open resetlogs from RMAN after TSPITR
sql 'begin dbms_backup_restore.AutoBackupFlag(TRUE); end;';
}
executing Memory Script

Export: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Dec 11 10:25:04 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
Note: table data (rows) will not be exported
About to export Tablespace Point-in-time Recovery objects...
For tablespace DATA ...
. exporting cluster definitions
. exporting table definitions
. . exporting table                           TEST
. exporting referential integrity constraints
. exporting triggers
. end point-in-time recovery
Export terminated successfully without warnings.
host command complete
database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down

Import: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Fri Dec 11 10:25:45 2009
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP and Data Mining options
Export file created by EXPORT:V10.02.01 via conventional path
About to import Tablespace Point-in-time Recovery objects...
import done in US7ASCII character set and AL16UTF16 NCHAR character set
import server uses ZHS16GBK character set (possible charset conversion)
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
. importing YSP's objects into YSP
. . importing table                         "TEST"
. importing SYS's objects into SYS
Import terminated successfully without warnings.
host command complete
sql statement: alter tablespace  DATA online
sql statement: alter tablespace  DATA offline
sql statement: begin dbms_backup_restore.AutoBackupFlag(TRUE); end;
Removing automatic instance
Automatic instance removed
auxiliary instance file /u01/app/auxiliary/cntrl_tspitr_TOMSYAN_aAwu.f deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/datafile/o1_mf_system_5l3c1v6g_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_5l3c1jy2_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs2_5l3c1q70_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/datafile/o1_mf_temp_5l3c2syr_.tmp deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_5l3c2pph_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_5l3c2px8_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /u01/app/auxiliary/TSPITR_TOMSYAN_AAWU/onlinelog/o1_mf_5_5l3c2qxf_.log deleted
Finished recover at 11-DEC-09
RMAN> 
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