Linux 指令篇：系统设置--ntsysv

功能说明：设置系统的各种服务。

语　　法：ntsysv [--back][--level <等级代号>]

补充说明：这是Red Hat公司遵循GPL规则所开发的程序，它具有互动式操作界面，您可以轻易地利用方向键和空格键等，开启，关闭操作系统在每个执行等级中，所要执行的系统服务。

参　　数：
  --back 　在互动式界面里，显示Back钮，而非Cancel钮。 
  --level <等级代号> 　在指定的执行等级中，决定要开启或关闭哪些系统服务。

 

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Ntsysv是redhat 提供的集中管理系统各种服务的工具，在RedHat各个发行版，centos各个版本，都自带这个工具。比起solaris 10的SMF来，要方便很多了，因为ntsysv一次就可以选中或取消多个服务，而svcadmin只能一个一个的来。

 

RedHat有2种方法启用ntsysv:一种是直接在命令行下执行命令 ntsysv,另外一种是执行setup命令间接进入。不管是哪种方式进入，其结果都是相同的。下面用图示来说明一下这个过程。

回车后出现下列菜单：

光标定位System services ,再按“Tab”键选“Run Tool”，也可以直接回车。

用空白键（最长的那个）选中或取消服务。选中时，服务的前面的方括号里是“*”，反之则表示取消。设置完毕后，按“Tab”到“ok”回车结束配置。如果直接执行命令ntsysv,步骤就比setup少。

 

 

当我们使用ntsysv管理服务时，究竟后面进行的实质是什么？进入当前运行目录/etc/rc3.d(我的系统当前运行级别是3，运行命令 who –r查看之)，用命令 ll 列出所有的目录，然后统计一下目录/文件数目：

[root@myest rc3.d]# ll

total 4

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 21 Oct 18 12:17 K01tog-pegasus -> ../init.d/tog-pegasus

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 13 Oct 18 12:17 K01yum -> ../init.d/yum

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 19 Oct 18 12:17 K02haldaemon -> ../init.d/haldaemon

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 24 Oct 18 12:17 K02NetworkManager -> ../init.d/NetworkManager

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 20 Oct 18 12:17 K03messagebus -> ../init.d/messagebus

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 15 Oct 18 12:17 K03rhnsd -> ../init.d/rhnsd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Oct 18 12:17 K05anacron -> ../init.d/anacron

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Oct 18 12:17 K10cups -> ../init.d/cups

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Oct 18 12:17 K10psacct -> ../init.d/psacct

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 13 Oct 18 12:17 K10xfs -> ../init.d/xfs

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 13 Oct 18 12:17 K15gpm -> ../init.d/gpm

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Oct 18 12:17 K17iiim -> ../init.d/iiim

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 13 Oct 18 12:17 K20nfs -> ../init.d/nfs

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Oct 18 12:17 K24irda -> ../init.d/irda

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 22 Oct 18 12:17 K30courier-imap -> ../init.d/courier-imap

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Oct 18 12:17 K35winbind -> ../init.d/winbind

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Oct 18 12:17 K40smartd -> ../init.d/smartd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 20 Oct 18 12:17 K44rawdevices -> ../init.d/rawdevices

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Oct 18 12:17 K50ibmasm -> ../init.d/ibmasm

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Oct 18 12:17 K50netdump -> ../init.d/netdump

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Oct 18 12:17 K50xinetd -> ../init.d/xinetd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 15 Oct 18 12:17 K56acpid -> ../init.d/acpid

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 19 Oct 18 12:17 K68rpcidmapd -> ../init.d/rpcidmapd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Oct 18 12:17 K69rpcgssd -> ../init.d/rpcgssd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Oct 18 12:17 K72autofs -> ../init.d/autofs

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Oct 18 12:17 K73ypbind -> ../init.d/ypbind

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Oct 18 12:17 K74apmd -> ../init.d/apmd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Oct 18 12:17 K74nscd -> ../init.d/nscd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Oct 18 12:17 K74ntpd -> ../init.d/ntpd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 15 Oct 18 12:17 K75netfs -> ../init.d/netfs

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 25 Oct 18 12:17 K85courier-authlib -> ../init.d/courier-authlib

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 19 Oct 18 12:17 K85mdmonitor -> ../init.d/mdmonitor

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 15 Oct 18 12:17 K85mdmpd -> ../init.d/mdmpd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Oct 18 12:17 K86nfslock -> ../init.d/nfslock

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Oct 18 12:17 K87auditd -> ../init.d/auditd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 20 Oct 18 12:17 K87irqbalance -> ../init.d/irqbalance

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Oct 18 12:17 K87portmap -> ../init.d/portmap

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 18 Oct 18 12:17 K89netplugd -> ../init.d/netplugd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 19 Oct 18 12:17 K90bluetooth -> ../init.d/bluetooth

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Oct 18 12:17 K91isdn -> ../init.d/isdn

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 22 Oct 18 12:17 K92arptables_jf -> ../init.d/arptables_jf

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 18 Oct 18 12:17 K92iptables -> ../init.d/iptables

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 18 Oct 18 12:17 K94diskdump -> ../init.d/diskdump

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 15 Oct 18 12:17 K95kudzu -> ../init.d/kudzu

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Oct 18 12:17 K95openibd -> ../init.d/openibd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Oct 18 12:17 K96ipmi -> ../init.d/ipmi

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Oct 18 12:17 K96pcmcia -> ../init.d/pcmcia

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 18 Oct 18 12:17 K99cpuspeed -> ../init.d/cpuspeed

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 23 Oct 18 12:17 K99microcode_ctl -> ../init.d/microcode_ctl

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 19 Oct 18 12:17 K99readahead -> ../init.d/readahead

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 25 Oct 18 12:17 K99readahead_early -> ../init.d/readahead_early

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Oct 18 12:17 S10network -> ../init.d/network

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Oct 18 12:17 S12syslog -> ../init.d/syslog

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Oct 18 12:17 S55sshd -> ../init.d/sshd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 15 Oct 18 12:17 S90crond -> ../init.d/crond

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 13 Oct 18 12:17 S95atd -> ../init.d/atd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 11 Jul 30 13:23 S99local -> ../rc.local

全是链接文件，真实的文件在目录/etc/init.d呢。

[root@myest rc3.d]# ll | wc -l

58

现在/etc/rc3.d目录有58个链接文件。接下来，我们使用ntsysv添加一个服务，如“kuzdu”，执行完毕后，再查目录/etc/rc3.d，其结果如下：

[root@myest rc3.d]# ll                                                        

total 4

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 21 Dec 20 14:24 K01tog-pegasus -> ../init.d/tog-pegasus

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 13 Dec 20 14:24 K01yum -> ../init.d/yum

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 19 Dec 20 14:24 K02haldaemon -> ../init.d/haldaemon

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 24 Dec 20 14:24 K02NetworkManager -> ../init.d/NetworkManager

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 20 Dec 20 14:24 K03messagebus -> ../init.d/messagebus

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 15 Dec 20 14:24 K03rhnsd -> ../init.d/rhnsd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Dec 20 14:24 K05anacron -> ../init.d/anacron

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Dec 20 14:24 K10cups -> ../init.d/cups

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Dec 20 14:24 K10psacct -> ../init.d/psacct

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 13 Dec 20 14:24 K10xfs -> ../init.d/xfs

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 13 Dec 20 14:24 K15gpm -> ../init.d/gpm

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Dec 20 14:24 K17iiim -> ../init.d/iiim

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 13 Dec 20 14:24 K20nfs -> ../init.d/nfs

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Dec 20 14:24 K24irda -> ../init.d/irda

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 22 Dec 20 14:24 K30courier-imap -> ../init.d/courier-imap

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Dec 20 14:24 K35winbind -> ../init.d/winbind

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Dec 20 14:24 K40smartd -> ../init.d/smartd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 20 Dec 20 14:24 K44rawdevices -> ../init.d/rawdevices

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Dec 20 14:24 K50ibmasm -> ../init.d/ibmasm

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Dec 20 14:24 K50netdump -> ../init.d/netdump

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Dec 20 14:24 K50xinetd -> ../init.d/xinetd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 15 Dec 20 14:24 K56acpid -> ../init.d/acpid

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 19 Dec 20 14:24 K68rpcidmapd -> ../init.d/rpcidmapd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Dec 20 14:24 K69rpcgssd -> ../init.d/rpcgssd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Dec 20 14:24 K72autofs -> ../init.d/autofs

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Dec 20 14:24 K73ypbind -> ../init.d/ypbind

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Dec 20 14:24 K74apmd -> ../init.d/apmd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Dec 20 14:24 K74nscd -> ../init.d/nscd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Dec 20 14:24 K74ntpd -> ../init.d/ntpd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 15 Dec 20 14:24 K75netfs -> ../init.d/netfs

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 25 Dec 20 14:24 K85courier-authlib -> ../init.d/courier-authlib

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 19 Dec 20 14:24 K85mdmonitor -> ../init.d/mdmonitor

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 15 Dec 20 14:24 K85mdmpd -> ../init.d/mdmpd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Dec 20 14:24 K86nfslock -> ../init.d/nfslock

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Dec 20 14:24 K87auditd -> ../init.d/auditd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 20 Dec 20 14:24 K87irqbalance -> ../init.d/irqbalance

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Dec 20 14:24 K87portmap -> ../init.d/portmap

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 18 Dec 20 14:24 K89netplugd -> ../init.d/netplugd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 19 Dec 20 14:24 K90bluetooth -> ../init.d/bluetooth

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Dec 20 14:24 K91isdn -> ../init.d/isdn

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 22 Dec 20 14:24 K92arptables_jf -> ../init.d/arptables_jf

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 18 Dec 20 14:24 K92iptables -> ../init.d/iptables

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 18 Dec 20 14:24 K94diskdump -> ../init.d/diskdump

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Dec 20 14:24 K95openibd -> ../init.d/openibd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Dec 20 14:24 K96ipmi -> ../init.d/ipmi

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Dec 20 14:24 K96pcmcia -> ../init.d/pcmcia

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 18 Dec 20 14:24 K99cpuspeed -> ../init.d/cpuspeed

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 23 Dec 20 14:24 K99microcode_ctl -> ../init.d/microcode_ctl

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 19 Dec 20 14:24 K99readahead -> ../init.d/readahead

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 25 Dec 20 14:24 K99readahead_early -> ../init.d/readahead_early

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 15 Dec 20 14:24 S05kudzu -> ../init.d/kudzu

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 17 Dec 20 14:24 S10network -> ../init.d/network

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 16 Dec 20 14:24 S12syslog -> ../init.d/syslog

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 14 Dec 20 14:24 S55sshd -> ../init.d/sshd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 15 Dec 20 14:24 S90crond -> ../init.d/crond

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 13 Dec 20 14:24 S95atd -> ../init.d/atd

lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root 11 Jul 30 13:23 S99local -> ../rc.local

从输出可以看见多了一个文件 S05kudzu,文件个数现在是59，确实是多了一个。再运行工具ntsysv把这个服务取消，这时目录/etc/rc3.d将删除链接文件S05kuzdu。由此我们可以得出结论，ntsysv的作用就是把目录/etc/init.d的文件在相应运行级别的目录创建或删除链接文件。

 

懂得这个原理后，我们用手工的方法也可以完成这个操作，而且可以把这个方法运用在各种unix/linux操作系统，要程序随系统开机启动就不是难事了。