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C++使用OCI连接Oracle

分类： Oracle

2015-09-08 00:11:52

原文地址：C++使用OCI连接Oracle 作者：davinciyxw

Oracle调用接口(Oracle Call Interface简称OCI)是Oracle数据库访问的基础接口。

下面的例子依次执行了：
  • 初始化OCI环境
  • 连接服务器
  • 连接数据库
  • 创建会话
  • 执行查询
  • 执行新增（更新，删除类似，不赘述）
  • 断开会话
  • 断开服务器
  • 释放资源
示例代码：

ociTest.cpp

点击(此处)折叠或打开

  1. #include <oci.h>
  2. #include <iostream>
  3. #include <string>
  4. #include <string.h>
  5. #include <stdlib.h>
  6. using namespace std;

  8. //存放查询数据的结构体
  9. struct result
  10. {
  11.     char ename[20];
  12.     char cname[20];
  13.     result()
  14.     {
  15.         memset(ename, '\0', sizeof(ename));
  16.         memset(cname, '\0', sizeof(cname));
  17.     }
  18. };
  19.  
  20. int main()
  21. {
  22.     // 初始化 OCI 环境句柄指针
  23.     OCIEnv *envhpp = NULL;
  24.     // 初始化服务器句柄
  25.     OCIServer *servhpp = NULL;
  26.     // 用于捕获 OCI 错误信息
  27.     OCIError *errhpp = NULL;
  28.     // 初始化会话句柄
  29.     OCISession *usrhpp = NULL;
  30.     // 初始化服务上下文句柄
  31.     OCISvcCtx *svchpp = NULL;
  32.     // 初始化表达式句柄
  33.     OCIStmt *stmthpp = NULL;
  34.  
  35.     string server="mydb";
  36.  
  37.     // 创建 OCI 环境 , 并设置环境句柄。
  38.     sword swResult = OCIEnvCreate(&envhpp, OCI_DEFAULT, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0, NULL);
  39.     if (swResult != OCI_SUCCESS && swResult != OCI_SUCCESS_WITH_INFO)
  40.     {
  41.         cout << "Oracle environment initialization error!" << endl;
  42.         exit(1);
  43.     }
  44.     cout << "Oracle environment initialization success!" << endl;
  45.  
  46.     // 创建错误句柄
  47.     OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&errhpp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
  48.  
  49.     // 创建服务句柄
  50.     OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&servhpp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
  51.  
  52.     // 连接服务器，如果失败则获取错误码
  53.     if (OCIServerAttach(servhpp, errhpp, (text *)server.c_str(), strlen(server.c_str()), 0) != OCI_SUCCESS)
  54.     {
  55.         int errcno;
  56.         char errbuf[512] = "";
  57.         sb4 errcode;
  58.  
  59.         // 获取错误指针和 OCI 错误代码
  60.         OCIErrorGet((dvoid *)errhpp, (ub4)1, (text *)NULL, &errcode, (ub1 *)errbuf, (ub4)sizeof(errbuf), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
  61.         errcno = errcode;
  62.  
  63.         cout << "Oracle server attach error:" << errbuf << endl;
  64.         OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)envhpp,OCI_HTYPE_ENV);
  65.         OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)servhpp,OCI_HTYPE_SERVER);
  66.         OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)errhpp,OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
  67.         exit(1);
  68.     }
  69.     cout << "Oracle server attach success!"<< endl;
  70.  
  71.     /***************** 连接数据库 ****************/
  72.     string user = "user";
  73.     string pas = "passwd";
  74.     errhpp = NULL;
  75.  
  76.     // 创建错误句柄
  77.     (void) OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&errhpp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
  78.     // 创建服务上下文句柄
  79.     (void) OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&svchpp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **)0);
  80.     // 设置属性
  81.     (void) OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)svchpp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid *)servhpp, (ub4)0, OCI_ATTR_SERVER, (OCIError *)errhpp);
  82.     // 创建用户连接句柄
  83.     (void) OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&usrhpp, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (size_t) 0, (dvoid **)0);
  84.     // 设置用户名、密码
  85.     (void) OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)usrhpp, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (dvoid *)user.c_str(), (ub4)strlen(user.c_str()), (ub4)OCI_ATTR_USERNAME, errhpp);
  86.     (void) OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)usrhpp, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_SESSION, (dvoid *)pas.c_str(), (ub4)strlen(pas.c_str()), (ub4)OCI_ATTR_PASSWORD, errhpp);
  87.  
  88.     // 创建会话连接
  89.     if(OCISessionBegin(svchpp, errhpp, usrhpp, OCI_CRED_RDBMS, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT) != OCI_SUCCESS)
  90.     {
  91.         int errcno;
  92.         char errbuf[512]={'\0'};
  93.         sb4 errcode;
  94.         
  95.         // 获取错误指针和 OCI 错误代码
  96.         OCIErrorGet((dvoid *)errhpp, (ub4)1, (text *)NULL, &errcode, (ub1 *)errbuf, (ub4)sizeof(errbuf), OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
  97.         errcno = errcode;
  98.         cout << "User session error:" << errbuf << endl;
  99.         OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)errhpp,OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
  100.         OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)usrhpp,OCI_HTYPE_SESSION);
  101.         OCIHandleFree((dvoid *)svchpp,OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);
  102.         exit(1);
  103.     }
  104.     cout << "user session success!" << endl;
  105.     
  106.     (void) OCIAttrSet((dvoid *)svchpp, (ub4) OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX, (dvoid *)usrhpp, (ub4)0, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_SESSION, errhpp);
  107.  
  108.     /*************** 执行 查询SQL 语句 ******************/
  109.     errhpp = NULL;
  110.  
  111.     // 创建一个表达式句柄
  112.     if (OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&stmthpp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0) != OCI_SUCCESS)
  113.     {
  114.         cout << "Create STMT error !" << endl;
  115.         exit(1);
  116.     }
  117.     cout << "Create stmt success !" << endl;
  118.     
  119.     // 创建错误句柄
  120.     OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&errhpp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
  121.     
  122.     // Select语句
  123.     char sql[255] = "select col1, col2 from table1 ";
  124.     
  125.     if (OCIStmtPrepare(stmthpp, errhpp, (text *)sql, (ub4)strlen(sql), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT) != OCI_SUCCESS)
  126.     {
  127.          cout << "Create prepare error!" << sql << endl;
  128.          exit(1);
  129.     }
  130.     cout << "Create prepare success!" << endl;
  131.  
  132.     /********* 绑定参数 ***********/
  133.     // 申请绑定字段的句柄
  134.     OCIDefine *bhp1 = NULL;
  135.     OCIDefine *bhp2 = NULL;
  136.     
  137.     // 存放数据的结构
  138.     struct result rst;
  139.     
  140.     // 指定提取数据长度
  141.     ub2 datalen = 0;
  142.     // 定义指示器变量 , 用于取可能存在空值的字段
  143.     char isnul[6] = "";
  144.     // 定义输出变量 ,
  145.     OCIDefineByPos(stmthpp, &bhp1, errhpp, 1, (dvoid *)&rst.ename, sizeof(rst.ename), SQLT_CHR, NULL, &datalen, NULL, OCI_DEFAULT);
  146.     OCIDefineByPos(stmthpp, &bhp2, errhpp, 2, (dvoid *)&rst.cname, sizeof(rst.cname), SQLT_STR, NULL, &datalen, NULL, OCI_DEFAULT);
  147.  
  148.     // 获取 SQL 语句类型
  149.     ub2 stmt_type;
  150.     OCIAttrGet ((dvoid *)stmthpp, (ub4)OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (dvoid *)&stmt_type, (ub4 *)0, (ub4)OCI_ATTR_STMT_TYPE, errhpp);
  151.     
  152.     // 执行 SQL 语句
  153.     OCIStmtExecute(svchpp, stmthpp, errhpp, (ub4)0, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *)NULL, (OCISnapshot *)NULL, OCI_DEFAULT);
  154.  
  155.     // 获取查询信息
  156.     int rows_fetched;
  157.     do
  158.     {
  159.         cerr << rst.ename<< " ";
  160.         cerr << rst.cname<< " \n";
  161.     }
  162.     while(OCIStmtFetch2(stmthpp, errhpp, 1, OCI_FETCH_NEXT, 1, OCI_DEFAULT) != OCI_NO_DATA);
  163.  
  164.     // 获得记录条数
  165.     OCIAttrGet((CONST void *)stmthpp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (void *)&rows_fetched, (ub4 *)sizeof(rows_fetched), OCI_ATTR_ROW_COUNT, errhpp);
  166.     cout << " rows :" << rows_fetched << endl;
  167.  
  168.     /*************** 执行 新增SQL 语句 ******************/
  169.     if (OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&stmthpp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0) != OCI_SUCCESS)
  170.     {
  171.         cout << "Create STMT error !" << endl;
  172.         exit(1);
  173.     }
  174.     cout << "Create stmt success !" << endl;
  175.  
  176.     OCIHandleAlloc((dvoid *)envhpp, (dvoid **)&errhpp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR, (size_t)0, (dvoid **)0);
  177.  
  178.     // Insert语句
  179.     char sql2[255] = "insert into table1 (col1, col2) values('testoci', 'testoci')";
  180.     
  181.     // 准备Sql语句
  182.     if (OCIStmtPrepare(stmthpp, errhpp, (text *)sql2, (ub4)strlen(sql2), (ub4)OCI_NTV_SYNTAX, (ub4)OCI_DEFAULT) != OCI_SUCCESS)
  183.     {
  184.          cout << "Create prepare error!" << sql2 << endl;
  185.          exit(1);
  186.     }
  187.     cout << "Create prepare success!" << endl;
  188.     
  189.     // 执行SQL 语句
  190.     OCIStmtExecute(svchpp, stmthpp, errhpp, (ub4)1, (ub4)0, (OCISnapshot *)NULL, (OCISnapshot *)NULL, OCI_DEFAULT);

  192.     // 断开用户会话
  193.     OCILogoff(svchpp, errhpp);
  194.     
  195.     // 断开服务器连接
  196.     OCIServerDetach(servhpp, errhpp, OCI_DEFAULT);
  197.     
  198.     // 释放资源
  199.     OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) stmthpp, OCI_HTYPE_STMT);
  200.     OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) svchpp, OCI_HTYPE_SVCCTX);
  201.     OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) servhpp, OCI_HTYPE_SERVER);
  202.     OCIHandleFree((dvoid *) errhpp, OCI_HTYPE_ERROR);
  203.  
  204.     return 0;
  205. }
在AIX 5.0环境下编译指令：
xlC -q64 -I/ora10g/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/rdbms/public -L/ora10g/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/lib -lclntsh  -o ociTest ociTest.cpp

执行：
./ociTest

输出：
Oracle environment initialization success!
Oracle server attach success!
user session success!
Create stmt success !
Create prepare success!
    
col1  col2  
 rows :1
Create stmt success !
Create prepare success!
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