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分类: Oracle

2008-05-23 13:28:29

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平时中可能会遇到当试图对库表中的某一列或几列创建唯一索引时,系统提示 ORA-01452 :不能创建唯一索引,发现重复记录。

下面总结一下几种查找和删除重复记录的(以表CZ为例):
表CZ的结构如下:
SQL> desc cz
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ------------------

 C1                                                 NUMBER(10)
 C10                                                NUMBER(5)
 C20                                                VARCHAR2(3)

删除重复记录的方法原理:
(1).在Oracle中,每一条记录都有一个rowid,rowid在整个数据库中是唯一的,rowid确定了每条记录是在Oracle中的哪一个数据文件、块、行上。

(2).在重复的记录中,可能所有列的内容都相同,但rowid不会相同,所以只要确定出重复记录中那些具有最大rowid的就可以了,其余全部删除。

重复记录判断的标准是:
C1,C10和C20这三列的值都相同才算是重复记录。

经查看表CZ总共有16条记录:
SQL>set pagesize 100
SQL>select * from cz;

         C1        C10 C20
---------- ---------- ---
         1          2   dsf
         1          2   dsf
         1          2   dsf
         1          2   dsf
         2          3   che
         1          2   dsf
         1          2   dsf
         1          2   dsf
         1          2   dsf
         2          3   che
         2          3   che
         2          3   che
         2          3   che
         3          4   dff
         3          4   dff
         3          4   dff
         4          5   err
         5          3   dar
         6          1   wee
         7          2   zxc

20 rows selected.

1.查找重复记录的几种方法:
(1).SQL>select * from cz group by c1,c10,c20 having count(*) >1;
        C1        C10 C20
---------- ---------- ---
         1          2   dsf
         2          3   che
         3          4   dff

(2).SQL>select distinct * from cz;

        C1        C10 C20
---------- ---------- ---
         1          2   dsf
         2          3   che
         3          4   dff

(3).SQL>select * from cz a where rowid=(select max(rowid) from cz where c1=a.c1 and c10=a.c10 and c20=a.c20);
        C1        C10 C20
---------- ---------- ---
         1          2   dsf
         2          3   che
         3          4   dff

2.删除重复记录的几种方法:
(1).适用于有大量重复记录的情况(在C1,C10和C20列上建有索引的时候,用以下语句效率会很高):
SQL>delete cz where (c1,c10,c20) in (select c1,c10,c20 from cz group by c1,c10,c20 having count(*)>1) and rowid not in
(select min(rowid) from cz group by c1,c10,c20 having count(*)>1);

SQL>delete cz where rowid not in(select min(rowid) from cz group by c1,c10,c20);

(2).适用于有少量重复记录的情况(注意,对于有大量重复记录的情况,用以下语句效率会很低):
SQL>delete from cz a where a.rowid!=(select max(rowid) from cz b where a.c1=b.c1 and a.c10=b.c10 and a.c20=b.c20);

SQL>delete from cz a where a.rowid<(select max(rowid) from cz b where a.c1=b.c1 and a.c10=b.c10 and a.c20=b.c20);

SQL>delete from cz a where rowid <(select max(rowid) from cz  where c1=a.c1 and c10=a.c10 and c20=a.c20);

(3).适用于有少量重复记录的情况(临时表法):
SQL>create table test as select distinct * from cz; (建一个临时表test用来存放重复的记录)

SQL>truncate table cz;  (清空cz表的数据,但保留cz表的结构)

SQL>insert into cz select * from test;  (再将临时表test里的内容反插回来)

(4).适用于有大量重复记录的情况(Exception into 子句法):
采用alter table 命令中的 Exception into 子句也可以确定出库表中重复的记录。这种方法稍微麻烦一些,为了使用“excepeion into ”子句,必须首先创建 EXCEPTIONS 表。创建该表的 SQL 脚本文件为 utlexcpt.sql 。对于win2000系统和 UNIX 系统, Oracle 存放该文件的位置稍有不同,在win2000系统下,该脚本文件存放在 $ORACLE_HOMEOra90rdbmsadmin 目录下;而对于 UNIX 系统,该脚本文件存放在 $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin 目录下。

具体步骤如下:
SQL>@?/rdbms/admin/utlexcpt.sql

Table created.

SQL>desc exceptions
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- --------------

 ROW_ID                                             ROWID
 OWNER                                              VARCHAR2(30)
 TABLE_NAME                                 VARCHAR2(30)
 CONSTRAINT                                   VARCHAR2(30)

SQL>alter table cz add constraint  cz_unique unique(c1,c10,c20) exceptions into exceptions;  
                                                      *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-02299: cannot validate (TEST.CZ_UNIQUE) - duplicate keys found

SQL>create table dups as select * from cz where rowid in (select row_id from exceptions);

Table created.

SQL>select * from dups;

        C1        C10 C20
---------- ---------- ---
         1          2   dsf
         1          2   dsf
         1          2   dsf
         1          2   dsf
         2          3   che
         1          2   dsf
         1          2   dsf
         1          2   dsf
         1          2   dsf
         2          3   che
         2          3   che
         2          3   che
         2          3   che
         3          4   dff
         3          4   dff
         3          4   dff

16 rows selected.

SQL>select row_id from exceptions;

ROW_ID
------------------
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAA
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAB
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAC
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAF
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAH
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAI
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAG
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAD
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAE
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAJ
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAK
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAL
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAM
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAN
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAO
AAAHD/AAIAAAADSAAP

16 rows selected.

SQL>delete from cz where rowid in ( select row_id from exceptions);

16 rows deleted.

SQL>insert into cz select distinct * from dups;

3 rows created.

SQL>select *from cz;
 
        C1        C10 C20
---------- ---------- ---
         1          2   dsf
         2          3   che
         3          4   dff
         4          5   err
         5          3   dar
         6          1   wee
         7          2   zxc

7 rows selected.

从结果里可以看到重复记录已经删除。

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