分类： LINUX
2008-05-02 20:37:15
Bandwidth in computer networking refers to the data rate supported by a network connection or interface. One most commonly expresses bandwidth in terms of bits per second (bps). The term comes from the field of electrical engineering, where bandwidth represents the total distance or range between the highest and lowest signals on the communication channel (band).
Bandwidth represents the capacity of the connection. The greater the capacity, the more likely that greater performance will follow, though overall performance also depends on other factors, such as latency.
Here is the list of bandwidth monitoring tools for your network bandwidth
bmon
bwbar
bwm
bwm-ng
iftop
iperf
ipfm
speedometer
cbm
ibmonitor
pktstat
mactrack
MRTG
Cacti
Now we will see each tool separately
bmon
bmon is a portable bandwidth monitor and rate estimator running on various operating systems. It supports various input methods for different architectures.
Various output modes exist including an interactive curses interface, lightweight HTML output but also formatable ASCII output
Current Stable Version :- 2.1.0
Install bmon in Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install bmon
This will complete the installation.
If you want to open the application you need to enter the following command
bmon
you should see the following output
If i select the eth0 i should see all the traffic details
If you want to know more available options check man page
bwbar
This program will output a PNG and a text file that can be used in scripts or be included in web pages to show current bandwidth usage. The amount of total bandwidth can be customized. The PNG output appears as a bar graph showing maximum possible usage with the current inbound or outbound usage shown as a differently colored bar.
Current Stable Version :- 1.2.3
Install bwbar in ubuntu
sudo apt-get install bwbar
This will complete the installation
There is a /etc/default/bwbar file to configure before this package will work and here is my config
# Directory to put files into
DIR=/var/www
# Who to run as
RUNAS=www-data
# What are the options (eth0, scale of 1.5mbps)
OPTIONS=”eth0 1.5″
Now you need to chnage the permissions using the following command
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/bwbar/
Start the bwbar using the following command
sudo /etc/init.d/bwbar start
You can also launch bwbar using the following command
bwbar eth0 100 -x 200 -y 7 -t 10 -p network.png -f network.txt -d /var/www/bwbar &
Now you need to go to you should see the bandwidth bar as follows
If you want to know about available option check man page
bwm
BandWidth Monitor This is a very tiny bandwidth monitor (not X11). Can monitor up to 16 interfaces in the in the same time, and shows totals too.
Current Stable Version :- 1.1.0
Install bwm ubuntu
sudo apt-get install bwm
This will complete the installation now
If you want to run the application use the following command
bwm
Output looks like below
If you want more details and available options check man page
bwm-ng
small and simple console-based bandwidth monitor.Bandwidth Monitor NG is a small and simple console-based live bandwidth monitor.
Current Stable Version :- 0.5
features
supports /proc/net/dev, netstat, getifaddr, sysctl, kstat and libstatgrab
unlimited number of interfaces supported
interfaces are added or removed dynamically from list
white-/blacklist of interfaces
output of KB/s, Kb/s, packets, errors, average, max and total sum
output in curses, plain console, CSV or HTML
configfile
Install bwm-ng in ubuntu
sudo apt-get install bwm-ng
This will complete the installation
If you want to run the application you need to use the following command
bwm-ng
Output looks like below
If you want more details and available options check man page
iftop
iftop does for network usage what top does for CPU usage. It listens to network traffic on a named interface and displays a table of current bandwidth usage by pairs of hosts.
Current Stable Version :- 0.17
Install iftop in ubuntu
sudo apt-get install iftop
This will complete the installation
If you want to run the application you need to use the following command
iftop
Output looks like below
If you want more details and available options check man page
ipfm
IP Flow Meter (IPFM) is a bandwidth analysis tool, that measures how much bandwidth specified hosts use on their Internet link.
Current Stable Version :- 0.11.5
Install ipfm in Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install ipfm
This will complete the installation
Now if you want to configure this for your network you need to copy example configuration file from /usr/share/doc/ipfm/examples if you want to check this file click here
once you configure this file you need to start the service using the following command
sudo /etc/init.d/ipfm start
If you want more details and available options check man page
Speedometer
Measure and display the rate of data across a network connection or data being stored in a file.
Current Stable Version :- 2.4
Install speedometer in ubuntu
Check which version of python is the default by running
python -V
Then issue the following commands as root to install speedometer (choose the correct Urwid package for your python version, ie. if python -V reports version 2.3.X then install python2.3-urwid)
apt-get install python2.4-urwid
Download the source file.
As user issue the following commands in the directory that you downloaded the source file
sudo cp speedometer.py /usr/local/bin/speedometer
sudo chown root: /usr/local/bin/speedometer
sudo chmod 755 /usr/local/bin/speedometer
Now you can run the speedometer application using the following
/usr/local/bin/speedometer
Now you should see the following screen output
Speedometer Usage
Usage: speedometer [options] tap [[-c] tap]
Available options
speedometer -h
Usage: speedometer [options] tap [[-c] tap]…
Monitor network traffic or speed/progress of a file transfer. At least one tap must be entered. -c starts a new column, otherwise taps are piled vertically.
Taps:
[-f] filename [size] display download speed [with progress bar]
-f must be used if directly following another
file tap without an expected size specified
-rx network-interface display bytes received on network-interface
-tx network-interface display bytes transmitted on network-interface
Options:
-i interval-in-seconds eg. “5″ or “0.25″ default: “1″
-p use plain-text display (one tap only)
-b use old blocky display instead of smoothed display even when UTF-8 encoding is detected
-z report zero size on files that don’t exist instead of waiting for them to be created
Usage Examples
How long it will take for my 38MB transfer to finish?
speedometer favorite_episode.rm $((38*1024*1024))
How quickly is another transfer going?
speedometer dl/big.avi
How fast is this LAN?
$ cat /dev/zero | nc -l -p 12345
$ nc host-a 12345 > /dev/null
$ speedometer -rx eth0
How fast is the upstream on this ADSL line?
speedometer -tx ppp0
How fast can I write data to my filesystem? (with at least 1GB free)
dd bs=1000000 count=1000 if=/dev/zero of=big_nothing &
speedometer big_nothing
cbm
cbm — the Color Bandwidth Meter — displays the current traffic on all network devices.
Current Stable Version :- 0.1-1
Install cbm in ubuntu
First you need to download the .deb package from
once you have the .deb package you need to install using the following comamnd
sudo dpkg -i cbm_0.1-1_i386.deb
this will complete the installation now if you want to use the appltcation use the following command
cbm
Output looks like below
pktstat
pktstat listens to the network and shows the bandwidth being consumed by packets of various kinds in realtime. It understands some protocols (including FTP,HTTP, and X11) and adds a descriptive name next to the entry (e.g., ‘RETR cd8.iso’, ‘GET ’ or ‘xclock -fg blue’).
Current Stable Version :- 1.8.3
Install pktstat in Ubuntu
First you need to download .rpm package from once you have the .rpm package you need to convert this .rpm file to .deb file using alien
Install alien
sudo apt-get install alien
Now you need to use the follwoing command to convert .rpm to .deb
sudo alien -k pktstat-1.7.2q-0.i386.rpm
Now you should be having pktstat_1.7.2q-0_i386.deb package
Install pktstat in Ubuntu
sudo dpkg -i pktstat_1.7.2q-0_i386.deb
This will complete the installation now you can open the application using the following command
pktstat
output looks like below
If you want more available options for pktstat check man page
ibmonitor
ibmonitor is an interactive linux console application which shows bandwidth consumed and total data transferred on all interfaces.
Current Stable Version :- 1.4
Its main features are:
Shows received, transmitted and total bandwidth of each interface
Calculates and displays the combined value of all interfaces
Displays total data transferred per interface in KB/MB/GB
Values can be displayed in Kbits/sec(Kbps) and/or KBytes/sec(KBps)
Can show maximum bandwidth consumed on each interface since start of utility
Can show average bandwidth consumption on each interface since start of utility
The output with all features (max, avg and display in Kbps and KBps) easily fits on a 80×24 console or xterm
Can interactively change its output display format depending on key pressed by user.
Install ibmonitor in Ubuntu
First you need to download the latest version from
wget
Now you have ibmonitor-1.4.tar.gz
Extract this file using the following commands
tar xvfz ibmonitor-1.4.tar.gz
cd ibmonitor
If you want to run the application use the following command
Once you are in ibmonitor folder use
./ibmonitor
Output looks like the following screen
iperf
While tools to measure network performance, such as ttcp, exist, most are very old and have confusing options. Iperf was developed as a modern alternative for measuring TCP and UDP bandwidth performance.
Iperf is a tool to measure maximum TCP bandwidth, allowing the tuning of various parameters and UDP characteristics. Iperf reports bandwidth, delay jitter, datagram loss.
Current Stable Version :- 2.0.2
Install iperf in ubuntu
sudo apt-get install iperf
iperf Syntax
iperf [-s|-c host] [options]
Example
iperf -c server address -F file-name
iperf -c server address -I
The -F option is for file input.
The -I option is for input from stdin.
If you want more details and available options check man page
tcptrack
tcptrack is a sniffer which displays information about TCP connections it sees on a network interface. It passively watches for connections on the network interface, keeps track of their state and displays a list of connections in a manner similar to the unix ‘top’ command. It displays source and destination addresses and ports, connection state, idle time, and bandwidth usage.
Current Stable Version :- 1.1.5
Install tcptrack in Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install tcptrack
this will complete the installation
tcptrack Syntax
tcptrack [-dfhvp] [-r ] -i []
Examples
tcptrack requires only one parameter to run: the -i flag followed by an interface name that you want tcptrack to monitor. This is the most basic way to run tcptrack
tcptrack -i eth0
tcptrack can also take a pcap filter expression as an argument. The format of this filter expression is the same as that of tcpdump and other
libpcap-based sniffers. The following example will only show connections from host 10.45.165.2
tcptrack -i eth0 src or dst 10.45.165.2
The next example will only show web traffic (ie, traffic on port 80)
tcptrack -i eth0 port 80
The following output screen will show you more details
MRTG
The Multi Router Traffic Grapher or just simply MRTG is free software for monitoring the traffic load on network links. It allows the user to see traffic load on a network over time in graphical form.
Current Stable Version :- 2.15.0
Project Homepage
Cacti
Cacti is a complete network graphing solution designed to harness the power of RRDTool’s data storage and graphing functionality. Cacti provides a fast poller, advanced graph templating, multiple data acquisition methods, and user management features out of the box. All of this is wrapped in an intuitive,easy to use interface that makes sense for LAN-sized installations up to complex networks with hundreds of devices.
Current Stable Version :- 0.8.6i
Project Homepage
Regarding MRTG and Cacti i am going write detailed articles in future
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