shutdown normal/transactional/immediate/abort (more safely<---->more quickly) abort: will generate dirty data. the others all keep the database consistent. (ready to consistent whole database backup.)
startup nomount/mount/force startup nomount(读参数文件,初始配置文件) alter datebase mount(读控制文件) alter database open (startup force)(强制重启) (startup pfile=d:\oracle\admin\ABC\pfile\init.ora) (startup restrict)(限制会话) (startup recovery)
(according to the priority) spfileSID.ora-->spfile.ora-->initSID.ora
alter session set nls_language=american; alter session set nls_language='simplified chinese';
archivelog mode-------归档模式 startup mount alter database noarchivelog/archivelog archive log list alter database open
show user show instance show all
show parameter sga alter system set db_cache_size=20m show parameter shared alter system set shared_pool_size=64m (Library cache & Data Dictionary cache can NOT be changed individually, they are determined by changing the share_pool_size.) show parameter db alter system set db_cache_size=96m (alter system set db_cache_advice=on) show parameter log_buffer
对于后面一项的修改只对Windows操作系统进行,对UNIX操作系统则不需要。如果在Windows操作系统中不修改该项,在Oracle Enterprise Manager中,连接系统时,会提示如下的错误: ORA-12560 TNS:protocol adapter error 或者 ORA-12545 Connect failed because target host or object does not exist