Ubuntu7.04 快速设置

-------------------------系统设置------------------------
备份当前的源列表：
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
 编辑源列表：

 gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list #(ed)ubuntu
kdesu kate /etc/apt/sources.list #kubuntu
gksu mousepad /etc/apt/sources.list #xubuntu
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list #通用
更新服务器:

deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

Ubuntu.cn99.com更新服务器（江苏省常州市电信，推荐电信用户使用）：
 deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse

Mirrors.shlug.org更新服务器（电信服务器，Ubuntu China Official Mirror, maintained by Shanghai Linux User Group）：
 deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Mirror.lupaworld.com更新服务器（浙江省杭州市双线服务器）：
 deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

成都市 电子科技大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
 deb feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty main multiverse restricted universe

上海市上海交通大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
 deb feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-updates main multiverse restricted

universe 中国科学技术大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
 deb feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
 
北京市清华大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
 deb feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

沈阳市东北大学更新服务器（教育网，推荐校园网和网通用户使用）：
 deb feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-backports main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-security main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-updates main multiverse restricted universe

中国台湾省台湾大学更新服务器（推荐网通用户使用，电信PING平均响应速度41MS。强烈推荐此源，比较完整，较少出现同步问题）：
 deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

Mirror.vmmatrix.net更新服务器（上海市电信，推荐电信网通用户使用）：
 deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

ubuntu.cnsite.org更新服务器（福建省福州市 电信）：
 deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

mirror.rootguide.org更新服务器（上海市 电信）：
 deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main multiverse restricted universe
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse

台湾的官方源速度也相当不错，有时甚至快于内地的：
 deb feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src feisty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

保存编辑好的服务器源后，更新下：
sudo apt-get update //更新服务器的源
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade //更新安装的软件


安装语言包

系统-->系统管理-->语言支持，支持的语言 列表中把chinese打上勾，默认语言选择chinese
 sudo apt-get install language-pack-zh

更改刷新率

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

 修改成：
Section "Monitor"
Identifier "Generic Monitor"
Option "DPMS"
HorizSync 30-82
VertRefresh 50-85
EndSection

--------------------应用软件配置-------------------------
Scim输入法安装及设置
非中文环境下先：
sudo apt-get install scim scim-modules-socket scim-modules-table scim-pinyin scim-tables-zh scim-gtk2-immodule im-switch libapt-pkg-perl  sudo gedit /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/default 加入
 XIM=SCIM
XIM_PROGRAM=/usr/bin/scim
XIM_ARGS="-d"
GTK_IM_MODULE=scim
QT_IM_MODULE=scim
DEPENDS="scim,scim-gtk2-immodule | scim-qtimm"

然后ctrl+alt+BackSpace重新启动Gnome
注：由于scim的输入法和realplayer,acrobat reader、openoffice等程序有冲突，所以需要做下配置，但是Feisty下不建议！
 sudo apt-get install scim-qtimm
 sudo im-switch -s scim
编辑im-switch生成的scim配置文件
 gksu gedit /etc/X11/xinit/xinput.d/scim
 将默认的 GTK_IM_MODULE=scim 修改为 GTK_IM_MODULE="scim-bridge"





fcitx输入法安装及设置
安装：
 sudo apt-get install im-switch fcitx
im-switch -s fcitx -z default # 注意，前面千万不要加sudo
 安装完后重新启动下Xwindows,

设置：
gedit ~/.fcitx/config

如果英文界面下输入栏与输入文字为方块的现像，只需修改config中的字体即可，例如：
 显示字体(中)=SimSun
显示字体(英)=SimSun


安装文泉驿字体：
先确定已经将上面源中ubuntu-cn的源加进去了
sudo apt-get install xfonts-wqy
sudo dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig-config


  解决PDF电子文档的中文乱码
sudo apt-get install xpdf-chinese-simplified xpdf-chinese-traditional

如果上面的方法仍然不起作用，比如阅读chinapub的pdf电子书时，可以这么做
wget
tar xzvf poppler-data-0.1.tar.gz && cd poppler-data-0.1
sudo make install datadir=/usr/share


安装java环境
 打开终端，执行以下命令，或使用Adept/新立得软件管理器，在其中分别搜索"sun-java6-jre"和"sun-java6-jdk"并标记安装。 sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre
如果空间富裕，建议安装一个JDK。
 sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk
 设置当前默认的java解释器
 sudo update-alternatives --config java

配置java环境变量
sudo gedit /etc/environment

 
在其中添加如下两行：
 CLASSPATH=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun/lib
JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun
  sudo gedit /etc/jvm
 将文件中的
 /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun
 安装java plugin
 sudo apt-get install sun-java6-plugin

安装多媒体解码器
sudo apt-get install audacious audacious-plugins audacious-plugins-extra libdvdcss2 libdvdnav4 libdvdplay0 libdvdread3 w32codecs libxine-extracodecs gstreamer0.10-pitfdll gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse
或者这里有一个可以用来一次性安装编码器、Flash、Java、MS 字体的捆绑包：
 sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras


安装mplayer播放器
sudo apt-get install mplayer-fonts mplayer mplayer-skins mozilla-mplayer

  在开始用它进行视频播放前还需要进行以下设置（先启动它），然後右键弹出主菜单 -> Preferences/属性 ->Video/视频，在"Available drivers/可用驱动"中选择"x11"或"xv"，在同一窗口下半部份钩上"允许掉帧/Enableframe dropping"。


Xine 前端播放器设置
如果使用xine引擎的播放器，如kaffeine，gxine，totem-xine等在播放有些rmvb文件的时候可能会出现没有声音的现象（如果你没遇到，就不要进行这一步了），解决办法如下：
首先关闭播放器，然後使用你喜欢的文本编辑器，比如 kate，gedit，vim等打开文件 ~/.xine/catalog.cache，（比如 gedit ~/.xine/catalog.cache）打开该文件。找到其中的
 /usr/lib/xine/plugins/1.1.4/xineplug_decode_real_audio.so
 代码段，将其下的 decoder_priority 的数值修改成 10
修改完毕後这一段应该看起来是这样子的
 /usr/lib/xine/plugins/1.1.4/xineplug_decode_real_audio.so
....
....
decoder_priority=10
 
安装 英汉辞典：如果提示没有安装包的话，需要更换下源 ,最好使用cn99的
sudo apt-get install stardict stardict-cdict-gb stardict-cedict-gb stardict-hanzim stardict-langdao-ce-gb stardict-langdao-ec-gb stardict-oxford-gb stardict-xdict-ce-gb stardict-xdict-ec-gb

原文：http://xiumuzidiao.blog.ccidnet.com/blog-htm-itemid-189108-do-showone-type-blog-uid-46902.html