RHCE302重要学习知识点

   来源：赛迪网技术社区    作者：lynn

INSTALLATION

　　

　　Use the right boot disk for the installation:

　　

　　boot.img - Standard installation

　　bootnet.img - Network installation

　　pcmcia.img - PCMCIA required installation

　　Install LILO in an appropriate location:

　　

　　MBR - If LILO will be the default bootloader

　　First partition of boot sector - If you're using another OS bootloader

　　

　　

　　LINUX FILESYSTEM

　　

　　The root filesystem is made up of 12 directories by default:

　　

　　/bin /home /proc

　　/dev /opt /usr

　　/etc /lost+found /var

　　/sbin /mnt /usr/local

　　

　　

　　KERNEL COMPILING

　　Three options are available for configuring a kernel:

　　

　　make config

　　make menuconfig

　　make xconfig

　　There are two types of kernel images:

　　

　　zlmage (small kernel images)

　　bzlmage (compressed kernel images)

　　The seven steps for compiling a kernel are:

　　

　　make configuration (makeconfig, make menuconfig, or make xconfig)

　　make dep

　　make clean

　　make bzlmage (or zlmage)

　　make modules

　　make modules_install

　　configure LILO and reboot

　　Three shorter steps for compiling a kernel are:

　　

　　make configuration (make config, make menuconfig, or make xconfig)

　　make dep clean bzlmage modules modules_install

　　configure LILO and reboot

　　

　　

　　X WINDOW SYSTEM

　　Three X configuration tools are:

　　

　　Xconfigurator

　　XF86Setup

　　xf86config

　　

　　

　　APACHE

　　The main configuration directory is /etc/httpd/conf/.

　　

　　The main Apache configuration file is httpd.conf, used for httpd server configuration.

　　

　　To configure a virtual host, follow these steps:

　　

　　Set NameVirtualHost (NameVirtualHost 192.168.0.1).

　　Set VirtualHost ().

　　Set DocumentRoot.

　　Set ServerName.

　　Set ErrorLog.

　　Set TransferLog.

　　Close VirtualHost ().

　　Restart httpd (/etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart).

　　

　　

　　EMAIL

　　There are three components of email:

　　

　　MTA - Mail transfer agent (sendmail)

　　MDA - Mail delivery agent (procmail)

　　MUA - Mail user agent (Pine, Elm, Mutt, Netscape)

　　

　　

　　DNS/BIND

　　To configure a domain, follow these steps:

　　

　　Set up a zone in /etc/named.conf.

　　Set up a forward zone file (db.example.com).

　　Set up a reverse zone file (0.168.192.in-addr.arpa).

　　Restart DNS (/etc/rd.d/init.d/named restart).

　　

　　

　　FTP

　　To configure FTP, you need these files:

　　

　　/etc / ftpaccess - For ftpd configuration

　　/etc / ftpusers - For user access control

　　/etc / ftphost - For host access control

　　

　　

　　SAMBA

　　Files used with SMB are:

　　

　　/etc / smb.com - Main configuration file

　　/etc / smbpasswd - Password configuration file

　　To set up an SMB share, follow these steps:

　　

　　Add share to /etc/smb.conf.

　　Use testparm to test /etc/smb.conf syntax.

　　Restart SMB (/etc/rc.d/init.d/smb restart).

　　Access SMB share (smbclient).

　　

　　

　　DHCP

　　To configure a DHCP server, follow these steps:

　　

　　Check for MULTICAST (ifconfig).

　　Add route 255.255.255.255 (route).

　　Start DHCP (/etc/rd.c/init.d/dhcpd start).

　　Verify DHCP service ( /usr/sbin/dhcpd -d -f ).

　　Configure /etc/dhcpd.conf.

　　

　　

　　INETD

　　To enable or disable network services controlled by inetd, you edit the /etc/inetd.conf file.

　　

　　

　　

　　TCP_WRAPPERS

　　Controls access to only those services managed by inetd.

　　

　　To specify access rules, edit:

　　

　　/etc/hosts.allow

　　/etc/hosts.deny

　　

　　

　　ROUTING

　　To set up network and routing services, use these tools:

　　

　　Use route tp sipw pr cpmfogire the IP routing table.

　　Use netstat to display network connections, routing tables and interface information.

　　Use netcfg to configure network information, routing, host information, default servers, and interface connections.

　　Use ifconfig to configure a network interface.

　　

　　

　　IPCHAINS

　　The default chains are:

　　

　　input - Controls incoming connections

　　output - Controls outgoing connections

　　forward - Forwards connections

　　

　　

　　DEBUGGING

　　To debug your machine, follow these steps:

　　

　　Boot your machine. Decide whether you can fix the machine as is, whether you need to boot the system into single-user mode, or whether you need to use system rescue disks.

　　Obtain a set of boot disks.

　　Boot the machine with a floppy disk (or boot into single-user (linux single) mode as determined by step a).

　　Check your filesystem. (fsck)

　　Mount your filesystems. (mount)

　　First mount your root partition. Then mount any other filesystems under your root (/) partition. (mount /dev/hda5/ /mnt/harddrive)

　　Fix the problem.

　　Check to see if you need to restart LILO. (lilo, or lilo -r)

　　Sync any changes to the disk. (sync)

　　Unmount any manually mounted filesystems. (umount)

　　Remove any floppies, CDs, and so on, and reboot (Ctrl+Alt+Del).