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分类: Oracle

2008-04-26 16:33:46


 
       DUAL ? 有什么神秘的? 当你想得到ORACLE系统时间, 简简单单敲一行不就得了吗? 故弄玄虚…. 
  
  > select sysdate from dual; 
  
  SYSDATE 
     --------- 
  
  02-DEC-07
  
  哈哈, 确实DUAL的使用很方便. 但是大家知道DUAL倒底是什么OBJECT, 它有什么特殊的行为吗? 来,我们一起看一看. 
  
  首先搞清楚DUAL是什么OBJECT : 
  
  > connect system/manager 
  
  Connected. 
  
  > select owner, object_name , object_type from dba_objects where object_name like '%DUAL%'; 
  
  OWNER OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE 
  
  --------------- --------------- ------------- 
  
  SYS DUAL TABLE 
  
  PUBLIC DUAL SYNONYM 
  
  原来DUAL是属于SYS schema的一个表,然后以PUBLIC SYNONYM的方式供其他数据库USER使用.    
  再看看它的结构: 
  
  > desc dual 
  
  Name Null? Type 
  
  ----------------------------------------- -------- ---------------------------- 
  
  DUMMY VARCHAR2(1) 
  
  > 
  
  只有一个名字叫DUMMY的字符型COLUMN . 
  
  然后查询一下表里的数据: 
  
  > select dummy from dual; 
  
  DUMMY 
  
  ---------- 
  
  X 
  
  
  哦, 只有一条记录, DUMMY的值是’X’ .很正常啊,没什么奇怪嘛. 好,下面就有奇妙的东西出现了! 
  
  插入一条记录: 
  
  > connect sys as sysdba 
  
  Connected. 
  
  > insert into dual values ( 'Y'); 
  
  1 row created. 
  
  > commit; 
  
  Commit complete. 
  
  > select count(*) from dual; 
  
  COUNT(*) 
  
  ---------- 
  
  2 
  
  迄今为止,一切正常. 然而当我们再次查询记录时,奇怪的事情发生了 
  
  > select * from dual; 
  
  DUMMY 
  
  ---------- 
  
  X 
  
  刚才插入的那条记录并没有显示出来 ! 明明DUAL表中有两条记录, 可就是只显示一条! 
  
  再试一下删除 ,狠一点,全删光 ! 
  
  > delete from dual; /*注意没有限定条件,试图删除全部记录*/ 
  
  1 row deleted. 
  
  > commit; 
  
  Commit complete. 
  
  哈哈,也只有一条记录被删掉, 
  
  > select * from dual; 
 

  DUMMY 
  
  ---------- 
  
  Y 
  
  为什么会这样呢? 难道的语法对DUAL不起作用吗?带着这个疑问, 我查询了一些ORACLE官方的资料. 原来ORACLE对DUAL表的操作做了一些内部处理,尽量保证DUAL表中只返回一条记录.当然这写内部操作是不可见的 . 
  
  看来ORACLE真是蕴藏着无穷的奥妙啊! 
  
  附: ORACLE关于DUAL表不同寻常特性的解释 
  
  There is internalized code that makes this happen. Code checks that ensure that a table scan of SYS.DUAL only returns one row. Svrmgrl behaviour is incorrect but this is now an obsolete product. 
  
  The base issue you should always remember and keep is: DUAL table should always have 1 ROW. Dual is a normal table with one dummy column of varchar2(1). 
  
  This is basically used from several applications as a pseudo table for getting results from a select statement that use functions like sysdate or other prebuilt or application functions. If DUAL has no rows at all some applications (that use DUAL) may fail with NO_DATA_FOUND exception. If DUAL has more than 1 row then applications (that use DUAL) may fail with TOO_MANY_ROWS exception. 
 
        So DUAL should ALWAYS have 1 and only 1 row 
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