研究发现,oracle数据库使用的索引不会超过总数的25%,或者不易他们期望被使用的方式使用。通过监控数据库索引的使用,释放那些未被使用的索引,从而节省维护索引的开销,优化性能。
1、在oracle8i中,确定使用了那个索引的方法意味着要对存在语共享SQL区中的所有语句运行EXPLIAN PALN,然后查询计划表中的OPERATION列,从而识别有OBJECT_OWNER和OBJECT_NAME列所确定的那个索引上的索引访问。
下面是一个监控索引使用的脚本,这个脚本仅仅是一个样品,在某种条件下成立:
条件:
运行这个脚本的用户拥有权限解释所有的v$sqlarea中的sql,除了不是被SYS装载的。
plan_table.remarks能够别用来决定与特权习惯的错误。
对所有的共享池中SQL,参数OPTIMIZER_GOAL是一个常量,无视v$sqlarea.optimizer_mode。
两次快照之间,统计资料被再次分析过。
没有语句别截断。
所有的对象都是局部的。
所有被引用的表或视图或者是被运行脚本的用户所拥有,或者完全有资格的名字或同义词被使用。
自从上次快照以来,没有不受"欢迎"的语句被冲洗出共享池(例如,在装载)。
对于所有的语句, v$sqlarea.version_count = 1 (children)。
脚本:
CODE:
set echo off
Rem Drop and recreate PLAN_TABLE for EXPLAIN PLAN
drop table plan_table;
create table PLAN_TABLE (
statement_id varchar2(30),
timestamp date,
remarks varchar2(80),
operation varchar2(30),
options varchar2(255),
object_node varchar2(128),
object_owner varchar2(30),
object_name varchar2(30),
object_instance numeric,
object_type varchar2(30),
optimizer varchar2(255),
search_columns number,
id numeric,
parent_id numeric,
position numeric,
cost numeric,
cardinality numeric,
bytes numeric,
other_tag varchar2(255),
partition_start varchar2(255),
partition_stop varchar2(255),
partition_id numeric,
other long,
distribution varchar2(30),
cpu_cost numeric,
io_cost numeric,
temp_space numeric,
access_predicates varchar2(4000),
filter_predicates varchar2(4000));
Rem Drop and recreate SQLTEMP for taking a snapshot of the SQLAREA
drop table sqltemp;
create table sqltemp (
ADDR VARCHAR2 (16),
SQL_TEXT VARCHAR2 (2000),
DISK_READS NUMBER,
EXECUTIONS NUMBER,
PARSE_CALLS NUMBER);
set echo on
Rem Create procedure to populate the plan_table by executing
Rem explain plan...for 'sqltext' dynamically
create or replace procedure do_explain (
addr IN varchar2, sqltext IN varchar2)
as dummy varchar2 (1100);
mycursor integer;
ret integer;
my_sqlerrm varchar2 (85);
begin dummy:='EXPLAIN PLAN SET STATEMENT_ID=' ;
dummy:=dummy||''''||addr||''''||' FOR '||sqltext;
mycursor := dbms_sql.open_cursor;
dbms_sql.parse(mycursor,dummy,dbms_sql.v7);
ret := dbms_sql.execute(mycursor);
dbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor);
commit;
exception -- Insert errors into PLAN_TABLE...
when others then my_sqlerrm := substr(sqlerrm,1,80);
insert into plan_table(statement_id,remarks) values (addr,my_sqlerrm);
-- close cursor if exception raised on EXPLAIN PLAN
dbms_sql.close_cursor(mycursor);
end;
/
Rem Start EXPLAINing all S/I/U/D statements in the shared pool
declare
-- exclude statements with v$sqlarea.parsing_schema_id = 0 (SYS)
cursor c1 is select address, sql_text, DISK_READS, EXECUTIONS, PARSE_CALLS
from v$sqlarea
where command_type in (2,3,6,7)
and parsing_schema_id != 0;
cursor c2 is select addr, sql_text from sqltemp;
addr2 varchar(16);
sqltext v$sqlarea.sql_text%type;
dreads v$sqlarea.disk_reads%type;
execs v$sqlarea.executions%type;
pcalls v$sqlarea.parse_calls%type;
begin open c1;
fetch c1 into addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls;
while (c1%found) loop
insert into sqltemp values(addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls);
commit;
fetch c1 into addr2,sqltext,dreads,execs,pcalls;
end loop;
close c1;
open c2;
fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext;
while (c2%found) loop
do_explain(addr2,sqltext);
fetch c2 into addr2, sqltext;
end loop;
close c2;
end;
/
Rem Generate a report of index usage based on the number of times
Rem a SQL statement using that index was executed
select p.owner, p.name, sum(s.executions) totexec
from sqltemp s,
(select distinct statement_id stid, object_owner owner, object_name name
from plan_table where operation = 'INDEX') p
where s.addr = p.stid
group by p.owner, p.name
order by 2 desc;
Rem Perform cleanup on exit (optional)
delete from plan_table
where statement_id in
( select addr from sqltemp );
drop table sqltemp; |
关于这个脚本,有几个重要的地方需要注意,即它可能一起明显的开销,因此,应该在仔细地进行 权衡后才把它应用到繁忙的生产应用系统中区。 |