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分类: LINUX

2009-08-18 10:28:13

 
 
 很多时候我们需要得到linux下面的硬件信息,

  那么如何得到呢?

  其实linux给出了多种途径

  我们看一下每一个命令,以便得到最详细的信息

  /*

  二,硬件的查看

  1,lspci

  2,dmidecode

  3,dmesg

  */

  1,查看pci的相关信息

  先解释一下概念:

  什么是PCI

  Peripheral Component Interconnect,外围设备互联,

  它是计算机上面应用的设备总线(总线,就是bus,是传输数据信号的通道)

  lspci

  这个命令默认是已经安装的,

  如找不到此命令,可以安装pciutils这个包

  命令举例:

lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000X Chipset Memory Controller Hub (rev 12)
00:02.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 2 (rev 12)
00:03.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 3 (rev 12)
00:04.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 4-5 (rev 12)
00:05.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 5 (rev 12) 
00:06.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x8 Port 6-7 (rev 12)
00:07.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset PCI Express x4 Port 7 (rev 12) 
00:10.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12)    
00:10.1 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12)    
00:10.2 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FSB Registers (rev 12)    
00:11.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset Reserved Registers (rev 12)  
00:13.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset Reserved Registers (rev 12)  
00:15.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FBD Registers (rev 12)    
00:16.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 5000 Series Chipset FBD Registers (rev 12)    
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev 09)
00:1d.0 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #1 (rev 09)
00:1d.1 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #2 (rev 09)
00:1d.2 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #3 (rev 09)
00:1d.3 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset UHCI USB Controller #4 (rev 09)
00:1d.7 USB Controller: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset EHCI USB2 Controller (rev 09) 
00:1e.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 82801 PCI Bridge (rev d9)                   
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB/3100 Chipset LPC Interface Controller (rev 09) 
00:1f.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 631xESB/632xESB IDE Controller (rev 09)           
01:00.0 SCSI storage controller: LSI Logic / Symbios Logic SAS1068E PCI-Express Fusion-MPT SAS (rev 08)
02:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom EPB PCI-Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev c3)                 
03:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 12)   
04:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Upstream Port (rev 01)       
04:00.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev 01)      
05:00.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Downstream Port E1 (rev 01)     
05:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 6311ESB/6321ESB PCI Express Downstream Port E2 (rev 01)     
06:00.0 PCI bridge: Broadcom EPB PCI-Express to PCI-X Bridge (rev c3)                 
07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme II BCM5708 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 12)   
0e:0d.0 VGA compatible controller: ATI Technologies Inc ES1000 (rev 02)

  从中看到的信息:Ethernet controller:这个是网卡

  VGA compatible controller:这个是显卡

  USB Controller: USB控制器

  SCSI storage controller: SCSI的存储控制器  

  说明:如果你感觉这份信息还不够详细,

  那么可以在后面添加参数,有3个参数可以使用:

  lspci -v  verbose 详细

  lspci -vv   very verbose 很详细

  lspci -vvv  even more verbose 更详细

  以树结构来显示pci总线:

  lspci -tv

  简单显示:

lspci -n
00:00.0 0600: 8086:25c0 (rev 12)
00:02.0 0604: 8086:25e2 (rev 12)
00:03.0 0604: 8086:25e3 (rev 12)
00:04.0 0604: 8086:25f8 (rev 12)
00:05.0 0604: 8086:25e5 (rev 12)
00:06.0 0604: 8086:25f9 (rev 12)
00:07.0 0604: 8086:25e7 (rev 12)
00:10.0 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12)
00:10.1 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12)
00:10.2 0600: 8086:25f0 (rev 12)
00:11.0 0600: 8086:25f1 (rev 12)
00:13.0 0600: 8086:25f3 (rev 12)
00:15.0 0600: 8086:25f5 (rev 12)
00:16.0 0600: 8086:25f6 (rev 12)
00:1c.0 0604: 8086:2690 (rev 09)
00:1d.0 0c03: 8086:2688 (rev 09)
00:1d.1 0c03: 8086:2689 (rev 09)
00:1d.2 0c03: 8086:268a (rev 09)
00:1d.3 0c03: 8086:268b (rev 09)
00:1d.7 0c03: 8086:268c (rev 09)
00:1e.0 0604: 8086:244e (rev d9)
00:1f.0 0601: 8086:2670 (rev 09)
00:1f.1 0101: 8086:269e (rev 09)
01:00.0 0100: 1000:0058 (rev 08)
02:00.0 0604: 1166:0103 (rev c3)
03:00.0 0200: 14e4:164c (rev 12)
04:00.0 0604: 8086:3500 (rev 01)
04:00.3 0604: 8086:350c (rev 01)
05:00.0 0604: 8086:3510 (rev 01)
05:01.0 0604: 8086:3514 (rev 01)
06:00.0 0604: 1166:0103 (rev c3)
07:00.0 0200: 14e4:164c (rev 12)
0e:0d.0 0300: 1002:515e (rev 02)

  显示其中的某一项:

  lspci -d 14e4:164c -vvv

  2,查看cpu的信息

  cat /proc/cpuinfo

  有几颗CPU? cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep physical id

[root@dev ~]# cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'physical id'
physical id   : 0
physical id   : 0
physical id   : 0
physical id   : 0

  如果physical id相同,表示这是一颗4核心的CPU

  查看CPU的生产商和型号:

  查看生产商:

  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'vendor_id'

  查看型号:

  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'model name'

  查看频率:

  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'cpu MHz'

  查看核心的数量:

  cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep 'cpu cores'

  3,查看内存的信息:

[root@dev ~]# free -m
total    used    free   shared  buffers   cached
Mem:     4048    1708    2339     0    164    1464
-/+ buffers/cache:     80    3967
Swap:     1983     0    1983

  说明: -m参数,以M字节(megabytes)为单位查看内存大小,

  上面的例子中我们可以看到,内存的总大小是4048M,也就是4G

  想看到更详细的内存信息?

dmidecode -t memory
# dmidecode 2.7         
SMBIOS 2.5 present.       
Handle 0x1000, DMI type 16, 15 bytes.
Physical Memory Array        
Location: System Board Or Motherboard
Use: System Memory         
Error Correction Type: Multi-bit ECC
Maximum Capacity: 32 GB       
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Number Of Devices: 8         
Handle 0x1100, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device            
Array Handle: 0x1000    
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits         
Data Width: 64 bits         
Size: 1024 MB            
Form Factor:      
Set: 1                
Locator: DIMM1            
Bank Locator: Not Specified     
Type:          
Type Detail: Synchronous       
Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)       
Manufacturer: 830B8089830B      
Serial Number: E2940445       
Asset Tag: 110818          
Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C    
Handle 0x1101, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device            
Array Handle: 0x1000    
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits         
Data Width: 64 bits         
Size: 1024 MB            
Form Factor:      
Set: 1                
Locator: DIMM2            
Bank Locator: Not Specified     
Type:          
Type Detail: Synchronous       
Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)       
Manufacturer: 830B8089830B      
Serial Number: BB9C0441       
Asset Tag: 110818          
Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C    
Handle 0x1102, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device            
Array Handle: 0x1000    
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits         
Data Width: 64 bits         
Size: 1024 MB            
Form Factor:      
Set: 2                
Locator: DIMM3            
Bank Locator: Not Specified     
Type:          
Type Detail: Synchronous       
Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)       
Manufacturer: 830B8089830B      
Serial Number: 39A10445       
Asset Tag: 110818          
Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C    
Handle 0x1103, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device            
Array Handle: 0x1000    
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits         
Data Width: 64 bits         
Size: 1024 MB            
Form Factor:      
Set: 2                
Locator: DIMM4            
Bank Locator: Not Specified     
Type:          
Type Detail: Synchronous       
Speed: 667 MHz (1.5 ns)       
Manufacturer: 830B8089830B      
Serial Number: BA9A0442       
Asset Tag: 110818          
Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C    
Handle 0x1104, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device            
Array Handle: 0x1000    
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits         
Data Width: 64 bits         
Size: No Module Installed      
Form Factor:      
Set: 3                
Locator: DIMM5            
Bank Locator: Not Specified     
Type:          
Type Detail: Synchronous       
Speed: Unknown            
Manufacturer:            
Serial Number:            
Asset Tag:              
Part Number:             
Handle 0x1105, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device            
Array Handle: 0x1000    
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits         
Data Width: 64 bits         
Size: No Module Installed      
Form Factor:      
Set: 3                
Locator: DIMM6            
Bank Locator: Not Specified     
Type:          
Type Detail: Synchronous       
Speed: Unknown            
Manufacturer:            
Serial Number:            
Asset Tag:              
Part Number:             
Handle 0x1106, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device            
Array Handle: 0x1000    
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor:
Set: 4
Locator: DIMM7
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:
Handle 0x1107, DMI type 17, 28 bytes.
Memory Device
Array Handle: 0x1000
Error Information Handle: Not Provided
Total Width: 72 bits
Data Width: 64 bits
Size: No Module Installed
Form Factor:
Set: 4
Locator: DIMM8
Bank Locator: Not Specified
Type:
Type Detail: Synchronous
Speed: Unknown
Manufacturer:
Serial Number:
Asset Tag:
Part Number:

  从上面我们可以看到有4条1G的内存被安装在前4条内存插槽上,而locator从DIMM5-DIMM8是空着的

  前四条内存的型号为:Part Number: NT1GT72U8PB1BN-3C

  生产商的ID是:Manufacturer: 830B8089830B

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