分类： Oracle
2012-01-19 01:00:20
1． 准备工作
（1） 操作系统版本
[root@AS5 ~]# uname -a
Linux AS5 2.6.18-164.el5 #1 SMP Tue Aug 18 15:51:54 EDT 2009 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
（2） Yum仓库创建
[root@AS5 ~]# mount -o remount /dev/hdc /mnt
[root@AS5 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-debuginfo.repo
[rhel-debuginfo]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Debug
baseurl=file:///mnt/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@AS5 ~]# yum clean all
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security
Cleaning up Everything
[root@AS5 ~]# yum grouplist
（3） 硬盘、内存等信息
[root@AS5 ~]# df -H
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 17G 2.7G 14G 17% /
/dev/sda1 104M 12M 87M 12% /boot
tmpfs 1.1G 0 1.1G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/hdc 3.1G 3.1G 0 100% /mnt
[root@AS5 ~]# free -m
total used free shared buffers cached
Mem: 1010 239 771 0 15 184
-/+ buffers/cache: 39 971
Swap: 2000 0 2000
（4） 网络配置
[root@AS5 ~]# ifconfig eth0
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:C7:70:76
inet addr:172.24.0.200 Bcast:172.24.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fec7:7076/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:1343052 errors:31 dropped:31 overruns:0 frame.:0
TX packets:113486 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:2019886062 (1.8 GiB) TX bytes:11644712 (11.1 MiB)
Interrupt:75 Base address:0x2000
[root@AS5 ~]# hostname
AS5
[root@AS5 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=AS5
GATEWAY=172.24.0.1
[root@AS5 ~]# cat /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost AS5
::1 localhost6.localdomain6 localhost6
172.24.0.200 AS5
（5） 安装必要的包
oracle要求的必要软件包如下：
binutils-2.17.50.0.6
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3
elfutils-libelf-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125
elfutils-libelf-devel-static-0.125
gcc-4.1.2
gcc-c++-4.1.2
glibc-2.5-24
glibc-common-2.5
glibc-devel-2.5
glibc-headers-2.5
kernel-headers-2.6.18
ksh-20060214
libaio-0.3.106
libaio-devel-0.3.106
libgcc-4.1.2
libgomp-4.1.2
libstdc++-4.1.2
libstdc++-devel-4.1.2
make-3.81
sysstat-7.0.2
unixODBC-2.2.11
unixODBC-devel-2.2.11
安装方法：（安装时我添加了这两个包：libXp pdksh）
[root@AS5 ~]# yum –y install binutils compat-* elfutils-libelf* gcc gcc-c++ glibc* kernel-headers ksh libaio* libgcc libgomp libstdc++* make sysstat unixODBC* libXp pdksh
（6） 建立用户及组
[root@AS5 ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@AS5 ~]# groupadd dba
[root@AS5 ~]# groupadd asmadmin
[root@AS5 ~]# groupadd asmdba
[root@AS5 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G asmdba,asmadmin,dba grid
[root@AS5 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba,asmdba oracle
[root@AS5 ~]# passwd grid
[root@AS5 ~]# passwd oracle
[root@AS5 ~]# id grid
uid=500(grid) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba),502(asmadmin),503(asmdba)
[root@AS5 ~]# id oracle
uid=501(oracle) gid=500(oinstall) groups=500(oinstall),501(dba),503(asmdba)
（7） 配置内核参数及其他配置选项
在/etc/sysctl.conf配置文件中添加如下：
#===================oracle11gr2=====================
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
然后执行：
[root@AS5 ~]# sysctl -p
再在/etc/security/limits.conf配置文件中添加：
#====================oracle11gr2======================
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
grid soft nproc 2047
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
在/etc/pam.d/login配置文件中添加：
#=================oracle11gr2=====================
session required pam_limits.so
在/etc/profile配置文件中添加：
#===================oracle11gr2=====================
if [ $USER = "oracle" ] || [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
（8） 建立相应目录
[root@AS5 ~]# mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
[root@AS5 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
[root@AS5 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u01
（9） 配置grid、oracle用户的环境变量
在~grid/.bash_profile配置文件中添加：
#========================oracle11gr2—grid ============================
umask 022
TMP=/tmp
TMPDIR=/tmp
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
ORACLE_BASE=/u02/app/grid
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/11.2.0
ORACLE_SID=+ASM
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH TMP TMPDIR
#stty erase ^h
在~oracle/.bash_profile配置文件中添加：
#======================oracle11gr2=========================
umask 022
TMP=/tmp
TMPDIR=/tmp
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib:/usr/X11R6/lib
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=ora10
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/i386:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/jre/lib/i386/server:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib:$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
NLS_LANG=American_America.ZHS16GBK
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH NLS_LANG TMP TMPDIR
stty erase ^h
至此，整个环境搭建完毕。如果可以，建议重启系统。
2．安装ASM存储（grid）
说明：如果文件直接存储在文件系统中，这一步可以略过。
（1） 系统现在有空闲的分区
[root@AS5 install]# fdisk -l /dev/sdb
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2610 20964793+ 5 Extended
/dev/sdb5 1 366 2939832 83 Linux
/dev/sdb6 367 732 2939863+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb7 733 1098 2939863+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb8 1099 1342 1959898+ 83 Linux
[root@AS5 u02]# chown grid:asmadmin /dev/sdb?
[root@AS5 u02]# ls -l /dev/sdb?
brw-r----- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 17 Jul 15 18:25 /dev/sdb1
brw-r----- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 21 Jul 15 18:24 /dev/sdb5
brw-r----- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 22 Jul 15 18:25 /dev/sdb6
brw-r----- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 23 Jul 15 18:24 /dev/sdb7
brw-r----- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 24 Jul 15 18:25 /dev/sdb8
（2） 安装AMBlib包
[root@AS5 u02]# rpm -ivh oracleasm-support-2.1.3-1.el5.i386.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:oracleasm-support ########################################### [100%]
[root@AS5 u02]# rpm -ivh oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm
warning: ora005_oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el5-2.0.5-1.el5.i686.rpm: Header V3 DSA signature: NOKEY, key ID 1e5e0159
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:oracleasm-2.6.18-164.el########################################### [100%]
[root@AS5 u02]# rpm -ivh oracleasmlib-2.0.4-1.el5.i386.rpm
Preparing... ########################################### [100%]
1:oracleasmlib ########################################### [100%]
（3） 配置ASM
[root@AS5 u02]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.
This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting
answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.
Default user to own the driver interface []:grid
Default group to own the driver interface []:asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ]
Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [ OK ]
[root@AS5 u02]# /usr/sbin/oracleasm init
（4） 创建ASM磁盘
[root@AS5 u02]# service oracleasm createdisk VOL01 /dev/sdb5
Marking disk "VOL01" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@AS5 u02]# service oracleasm createdisk VOL02 /dev/sdb6
Marking disk "VOL02" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@AS5 u02]# service oracleasm createdisk VOL03 /dev/sdb7
Marking disk "VOL03" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@AS5 u02]# service oracleasm createdisk VOL04 /dev/sdb8
Marking disk "VOL04" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@AS5 u02]# oracleasm scandisks
Reloading disk partitions: done
Cleaning any stale ASM disks...
Scanning system for ASM disks...
[root@AS5 u02]# oracleasm listdisks
VOL01
VOL02
VOL03
VOL04
（5） 关闭时间服务
[root@AS5 u02]# service ntpd stop
Shutting down ntpd: [FAILED]
[root@AS5 u02]# chkconfig ntpd off
[root@AS5 u02]# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf_bak
（6） 安装grid
注意：这一步中，必须是以grid用户登录操作，而不能从其他用户su命令切换到grid上。
[grid@AS5 u02]$ unzip linux_11gR2_grid.zip
[grid@AS5 u02]$ cd grid/
[grid@AS5 grid]$ export DISPLAY=172.24.0.1:0.0
[grid@AS5 grid]$ ./runInstaller
图1至图10 （打包在grid_setup.rar中）
http://space.itpub.net/25881373/viewspace-702460
[root@AS5 u02]# /u02/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u02/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.
Changing groupname of /u02/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script. is complete.
[root@AS5 u02]# /u02/app/grid/11.2.0/root.sh
Running root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /u02/app/grid/11.2.0
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
2011-07-15 11:56:31: Checking for super user privileges
2011-07-15 11:56:32: User has super user privileges
2011-07-15 11:56:32: Parsing the host name
Using configuration parameter file: /u02/app/grid/11.2.0/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
LOCAL ADD MODE
Creating OCR keys for user 'grid', privgrp 'oinstall'..
Operation successful.
CRS-4664: Node as5 successfully pinned.
Adding daemon to inittab
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
ohasd is starting
as5 2011/07/15 11:57:46 /u02/app/grid/11.2.0/cdata/as5/backup_20110715_115746.olr
Successfully configured Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone
Updating inventory properties for clusterware
Starting Oracle Universal Installer...
Checking swap space: must be greater than 500 MB. Actual 2000 MB Passed
The inventory pointer is located at /etc/oraInst.loc
The inventory is located at /u02/app/oraInventory
'UpdateNodeList' was successful.
至此，grid安装完毕。
[root@AS5 install]# ps -ef | grep ASM
grid 30172 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_pmon_+ASM
grid 30174 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_vktm_+ASM
grid 30178 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_gen0_+ASM
grid 30180 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_diag_+ASM
grid 30182 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_psp0_+ASM
grid 30184 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_dia0_+ASM
grid 30186 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_mman_+ASM
grid 30188 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_dbw0_+ASM
grid 30190 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_lgwr_+ASM
grid 30192 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_ckpt_+ASM
grid 30194 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_smon_+ASM
grid 30196 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_rbal_+ASM
grid 30198 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_gmon_+ASM
grid 30200 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_mmon_+ASM
grid 30202 1 0 15:23 ? 00:00:00 asm_mmnl_+ASM
创建完成ASM实例后，需要用grid用户进行：
[grid@AS5 utl]$ crsctl modify resource "ora.cssd" -attr "AUTO_START=1"
[grid@AS5 utl]$ crsctl modify resource "ora.diskmon" -attr "AUTO_START=1"
（7） 创建ASM磁盘组
SQL> select name,state,type,total_mb,usable_file_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE TYPE TOTAL_MB USABLE_FILE_MB
-------- ----------- ------ ---------- --------------
DATA01MOUNTED NORMAL 8610 4185
SQL> select name,header_status,mount_status,state,path from v$asm_disk;
NAME HEADER_STATU MOUNT_S STATE PATH
-------- ------------ ------- -------- -----------
PROVISIONED CLOSED NORMAL ORCL:VOL04
VOL01 MEMBER CACHED NORMAL ORCL:VOL01
VOL02 MEMBER CACHED NORMAL ORCL:VOL02
VOL03 MEMBER CACHED NORMAL ORCL:VOL03
SQL> create diskgroup flash_recover_area external redundancy disk 'ORCL:VOL04';
Diskgroup created.
SQL> select name,state,type,total_mb,usable_file_mb from v$asm_diskgroup;
NAME STATE TYPE TOTAL_MB USABLE_FILE_MB
------------------- ----------- ------ ---------- --------------
DATA01 MOUNTED NORMAL 8610 4185
FLASH_RECOVER_AREA MOUNTED EXTERN 1913 1863
3．安装oracle软件
（1）将oracle数据库软件上传到主机上，然后用oracle身份解压：
[oracle@AS5 u01]$ ll
total 3188280
drwxrwxr-x 3 oracle oinstall 4096 Jul 14 18:30 app
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 1285396902 Jul 14 18:49 linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 995359177 Jul 14 18:46 linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@AS5 u01]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@AS5 u01]$ rm linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
[oracle@AS5 u01]$ unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@AS5 u01]$ rm linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
[oracle@AS5 u01]$ chmod -R 775 database/
（2）安装oracle
注意：这一步中，必须是以oracle用户登录操作，而不能从其他用户su命令切换到oracle上。
[oracle@AS5 u01]$ cd database/
[oracle@AS5 database]$ pwd
/u01/database
[oracle@AS5 database]$ ll
total 40
drwxrwxr-x 12 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 17 2009 doc
drwxrwxr-x 4 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 2009 install
drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 2009 response
drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 2009 rpm
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 4352 Aug 14 2009 runInstaller
drwxrwxr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 2009 sshsetup
drwxrwxr-x 14 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 14 2009 stage
-rwxrwxr-x 1 oracle oinstall 5400 Aug 18 2009 welcome.html
[oracle@AS5 database]$ export DISPLAY=172.24.0.1:0.0
[oracle@AS5 database]$ ./runInstaller
安装过程截图11至图20（打包在oracle_setup.rar中）
[root@AS5 install]# /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
Running Oracle 11g root.sh script...
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= oracle
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
The file "dbhome" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
The file "oraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
The file "coraenv" already exists in /usr/local/bin. Overwrite it? (y/n)
[n]: y
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root.sh script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Finished product-specific root actions.
至此，oracle数据库软件已经安装完毕。
4．建库
[oracle@AS5 database]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
ora10
[oracle@AS5 database]$ export DISPLAY=172.24.0.1:0.0
[oracle@AS5 database]$ dbca
图21至图32（打包在dbca.rar中）
http://space.itpub.net/25881373/viewspace-702460
完成上面的操作，数据库即创建完成。
SQL> select file_name from dba_data_files;
FILE_NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+DATA01/ora10/datafile/users.259.756577629
+DATA01/ora10/datafile/undotbs1.258.756577629
+DATA01/ora10/datafile/sysaux.257.756577629
+DATA01/ora10/datafile/system.256.756577627
+DATA01/ora10/datafile/example.265.756577983
