ADRCI 快速管理 oracle 各类日志

 在Oracle的11g版本中，alert文件的位置发生了变化，与此同时Oracle提供了一个命令行工具ADRCI，它可以很便利的查看数据库中出现的异常。 通过这个小文儿给大家展示一下使用ADRCI (ADR Command Interface) 在11g中查看Oracle的警告日志的方法。

1.进入到adrci命令行模式
ora11g@RHEL53 /home/oracle$ which adrci
/oracle/u01/app/oracle/product/1101/db/bin/adrci
ora11g@RHEL53 /home/oracle$ adrci -help
Syntax:
   adrci [-help] [script=script_filename]
         [exec = "one_command [;one_command;...]"]

Options      Description                     (Default)
------------------------------------------------------
script       script. file name               (None)
help         help on the command options     (None)
exec         exec a set of commands          (None)
------------------------------------------------------

ora11g@RHEL53 /home/oracle$ adrci

ADRCI: Release 11.1.0.6.0 - Beta on Fri Feb 27 15:23:52 2009

Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

ADR base = "/oracle/u01/app/oracle"
adrci>

2.使用 help show alert 命令查看帮助文档
adrci> help

 HELP [topic]
   Available Topics:
        CREATE REPORT
        ECHO
        EXIT
        HELP
        HOST
        IPS
        PURGE
        RUN
        SET BASE
        SET BROWSER
        SET CONTROL
        SET ECHO
        SET EDITOR
        SET HOMES | HOME | HOMEPATH
        SET TERMOUT
        SHOW ALERT
        SHOW BASE
        SHOW CONTROL
        SHOW HM_RUN
        SHOW HOMES | HOME | HOMEPATH
        SHOW INCDIR
        SHOW INCIDENT
        SHOW PROBLEM
        SHOW REPORT
        SHOW TRACEFILE
        SPOOL

 There are other commands intended to be used directly by Oracle, type
 "HELP EXTENDED" to see the list

adrci> help show alert

  Usage: SHOW ALERT [-p ]  [-term]
                    [ [-tail [num] [-f]] | [-file ] ]
  Purpose: Show alert messages.

  Options:
    [-p ]: The predicate string must be double quoted.
    The fields in the predicate are the fields:
        ORIGINATING_TIMESTAMP         timestamp
        NORMALIZED_TIMESTAMP          timestamp
        ORGANIZATION_ID               text(65)
        COMPONENT_ID                  text(65)
        HOST_ID                       text(65)
        HOST_ADDRESS                  text(17)
        MESSAGE_TYPE                  number
        MESSAGE_LEVEL                 number
        MESSAGE_ID                    text(65)
        MESSAGE_GROUP                 text(65)
        CLIENT_ID                     text(65)
        MODULE_ID                     text(65)
        PROCESS_ID                    text(33)
        THREAD_ID                     text(65)
        USER_ID                       text(65)
        INSTANCE_ID                   text(65)
        DETAILED_LOCATION             text(161)
        UPSTREAM_COMP_ID              text(101)
        DOWNSTREAM_COMP_ID            text(101)
        EXECUTION_CONTEXT_ID          text(101)
        EXECUTION_CONTEXT_SEQUENCE    number
        ERROR_INSTANCE_ID             number
        ERROR_INSTANCE_SEQUENCE       number
        MESSAGE_TEXT                  text(2049)
        MESSAGE_ARGUMENTS             text(129)
        SUPPLEMENTAL_ATTRIBUTES       text(129)
        SUPPLEMENTAL_DETAILS          text(129)
        PROBLEM_KEY                   text(65)

    [-tail [num] [-f]]: Output last part of the alert messages and
    output latest messages as the alert log grows. If num is not specified,
    the last 10 messages are displayed. If "-f" is specified, new data
    will append at the end as new alert messages are generated.

    [-term]: Direct results to terminal. If this option is not specified,
    the results will be open in an editor.
    By default, it will open in emacs, but "set editor" can be used
    to set other editors.

    [-file ]: Allow users to specify an alert file which
    may not be in ADR. must be specified with full path.
    Note that this option cannot be used with the -tail option

  Examples:
    show alert
    show alert -p "message_text like '%incident%'"
    show alert -tail 20

adrci>

3.使用 show alert 列出各个目录下的日志目录，输入编号4，系统会自动调用vi编辑器查看数据库的alert日志
adrci> show alert

Choose the alert log from the following homes to view:

1: diag/tnslsnr/RHEL53/listener
2: diag/clients/user_unknown/host_411310321_11
3: diag/clients/user_oracle/host_2175824367_11
4: diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g
Q: to quit

Please select option:4

4.另外一种查看方式是，指定具体的 homepath 然后使用“show alert -tail 15”查看对应日志文件的后15行
adrci> show homepath
ADR Homes:
diag/tnslsnr/RHEL53/listener
diag/clients/user_unknown/host_411310321_11
diag/clients/user_oracle/host_2175824367_11
diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g
adrci> set homepath diag/rdbms/ora11g/ora11g
adrci> show alert -tail 15
2009-02-27 14:25:05.036000 +08:00
Starting background process SMCO
SMCO started with pid=21, OS id=3855
Starting background process FBDA
FBDA started with pid=22, OS id=3857
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
2009-02-27 14:25:07.246000 +08:00
Starting background process QMNC
QMNC started with pid=23, OS id=3859
2009-02-27 14:25:17.325000 +08:00
db_recovery_file_dest_size of 4096 MB is 0.00% used. This is a
user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this
database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of
space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup.
2009-02-27 14:25:33.727000 +08:00
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN
2009-02-27 14:29:59.158000 +08:00
Starting background process CJQ0
CJQ0 started with pid=25, OS id=3892
adrci>

5.小结
 使用ADRCI命令可以很好的对各个目录中的日志文件进行集中查看，可以有效的提高工作效率，赞一个，在高度紧张的问题处理环境中这个工具可以有效的提高问题诊断的效率。
============

 

#ADRCI

11G new feature

Automatic Diagnostic Repository Command-Interpreter

ADRCI工具是Oracle11g才推出的新工具，主要用来管理alert文件、trace文件、dump文件、健康监事报告等。

11g中alert,trace文件的位置发生了变化, 从原来的ORACLE_BASE/admin/INSTANCE_NAME目录变成了ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/DBNAME/INSTANCE_NAME目录。

Oracle之所以修改了这个跨越多个版本都没有修改过的参数设置，就是因为Oracle在11g中推出了ADRCI。这个工具可以统一管理ASM实例和多个数据库实例的alert文件、后台trace文件、用户trace文件，dump文件等等。

而且这个工具可以快速查询错误相关的所有trace文件，并将这些文件打包到一个zip文件，以便将问题相关的信息提供给Oracle的技术支持。

下面是adrci 的一些快速学习的事项

0. 注意事项, 知识快速整理.

1. 定位problem,incident

2. 定位tracefile (user trace file, alert log file)

3. 生成package

0. 注意事项, 知识快速整理.

show alert -tail -f 相关操作的时候需要先  set home 因为adrci是多目录操作不然会报错 DIA-48449: Tail alert can only apply to single ADR home 这是为了保证在多实例下不至于造成混乱。 
 
adrci 也支持spool 
 
adrci 是基于一个叫做fault diagnosability infrastructure(错误诊断框架), 这样一个底层框架的, 核心的思想就是, 通过problem和incident来定位错误。 
 
problem 和 incident 是一种相辅相成的关系, problem指的是大的问题,叫criticial error, 一个大问题会由很多小的incidents所导致。所以他们是1:n的关系. 
  而problem 的数据都预先定义在v$diag_critical_error了(应该是,猜的) 
 
adrci> show incident                                                                                                                                                               
 
ADR Home = /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/opt/opt:  ************************************************************************* 
INCIDENT_ID          PROBLEM_KEY                                                 CREATE_TIME                                -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------   121                  ORA 4031                                                    2010-08-17 14:49:59.384000 +08:00         209                  ORA 4031                                                    2010-08-17 14:50:25.980000 +08:00         2 rows fetched 
 
adrci>                                                                                                                                                                             
adrci>                                                                                                                                                                             
adrci> show problem                                                                                                                                                                
 
ADR Home = /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/opt/opt:  ************************************************************************* 
PROBLEM_ID           PROBLEM_KEY                                                 LAST_INCIDENT        LASTINC_TIME                               -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------   1                    ORA 4031                                                    209                  2010-08-17 14:50:25.980000 +08:00         1 rows fetched 
  --- 很容易看到一个04031对应了:  209，121，2个事件

1. 如何identified 这以上的problem和incident的tracefile所在位置呢。

1. 先说problem, problem都是记录在alert里的, 一般是放在$ORACLE_BASE/diag/rdbms/$DBNAME/$ORACLE_SID/trace/alert_SID.log,   可以手动去找, 不过adrci提供了更高效的方式, 直接吧04031那段记录在TMP文件里。获取的命令是: 
 
show alert -p "message_text like '%ORA-04031%'" #详细 
show problem -p "problem_id=1" # 看某一个problem 
  2. incident 相关: 
  # INCIDENT_FILE 显示了tracefile的位置。 
show incident -MODE DETAIL -p "incident_id=121" 

2. 定位tracefile (user trace file, alert log file)

# This example shows all trace files for incidents 1 and 4, under the path /home/steve/temp: 
show tracefile %mmon% -rt  # This example shows all trace files for incidents 1 and 4, under the path /home/steve/temp: 
show tracefile -i 1 4 -path /home/steve/temp

4. 生成 package

set homepath diag/rdbms/opt/opt  方法一 
ips pack problem 1  方法二  # Created package 8 without any contents, correlation level typical 
ips create package  Added problem 1 to package 8 
ips add incident 121 package 8 
ips add incident 209 package 8 
ips add file /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/opt/opt/trace/opt_dbrm_5035.trc  package 8 
ips generate package 8 
 
adrci> ips get metadata from file /home/oracle/script/IPSPKG_20110220163312_COM_1.zip                                                                                              
IPS metadata from file /home/oracle/script/IPSPKG_20110220163312_COM_1.zip:  ----------------------------------------------------------  xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII"?>  <PACKAGE> 
    <PACKAGE_ID>8</PACKAGE_ID> 
    IPSPKG_20110220163312PACKAGE_NAME> 
    <MODE>Complete</MODE> 
    1SEQUENCE> 
    <LAST_COMPLETE>1</LAST_COMPLETE> 
    2011-02-20 16:37:55.035301 +08:00DATE> 
    <ADR_BASE>/u01/app/oracle</ADR_BASE> 
    /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/opt/opt</ADR_HOME> 
    rdbmsPROD_NAME> 
    <PROD_ID>opt</PROD_ID> 
    optINST_ID> 
    <OCM_GUID/> 
    <FINALIZED>1</FINALIZED> 
PACKAGE> 
  ---------------------------------------------------------- 
 
ips unpack file /home/oracle/IPSPKG_20090215012523_COM_1.zip into /home/oracle