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分类: 系统运维

2009-09-16 16:59:55

 

C:\Documents and Settings\wangsu>tracert

 

Tracing route to [121.14.88.14]

over a maximum of 30 hops:

 

  1    <1 ms    <1 ms    <1 ms  51.24.168.192.localhost [192.168.24.51]

  2     2 ms     2 ms     2 ms  10.10.10.2

  3     6 ms     4 ms     3 ms  120.36.156.161

  4     5 ms     1 ms     3 ms  61.154.236.97

  5     5 ms     2 ms     3 ms  61.154.238.177

  6     3 ms     4 ms     3 ms  61.154.236.14

  7    12 ms    12 ms    11 ms  202.97.40.198

  8    14 ms    14 ms    14 ms  121.14.72.101

  9    15 ms    15 ms    14 ms  121.14.72.162

 10    14 ms    15 ms    17 ms  121.14.72.182

 11    13 ms    15 ms    14 ms  121.14.88.14

 

Trace complete.

 

抓取数据包的过程:

3 28810.098860  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
4 28810.098860  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
5 28810.098860  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
6 28811.098860  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
7 28811.098860  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
8 28811.098860  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
9 28812.098860  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
10 28812.098860  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
11 28812.098860  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
12 28813.114485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
13 28813.114485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
14 28813.114485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
15 28814.114485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
16 28814.114485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
17 28814.114485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
18 28815.114485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
19 28815.114485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
20 28815.114485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
21 28816.114485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
22 28816.114485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
23 28816.130110  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
24 28817.176985  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
25 28817.192610  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
26 28817.192610  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
27 28818.208235  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
28 28818.208235  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
29 28818.223860  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
30 28819.239485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
31 28819.239485  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
32 28819.255110  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
33 28820.270735  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
34 28820.270735  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
35 28820.286360  {IPv4:42897} CHENGANG   121.14.88.14 ICMP ICMP:Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14
 

分析:

Icmp: Echo Request Message, From 192.168.24.203 To 121.14.88.14

Icmp: Echo Reply Message, From 121.14.88.14 To 192.168.24.203

Icmp: Time Exceeded Message eg:61.154.238.177 send time exceeded message

Traceroute程序的设计是利用ICMPIP headerTTLTime To Live)栏位(field)。首先,traceroute送出一个TTL1IP datagram(其实,每次送出的为340字节的包,包括源地址,目的地址和包发出的时间标签)到目的地,当路径上的第一个路由器(router)收到这个datagram时,它将TTL1。此时,TTL变为0了,所以该路由器会将此datagram丢掉,并送回一个「ICMP time exceeded」消息(包括发IP包的源地址,IP包的所有内容及路由器的IP地址),traceroute 收到这个消息后,便知道这个路由器存在于这个路径上,接着traceroute 再送出另一个TTL2 datagram,发现第2 个路由器...... traceroute 每次将送出的datagramTTL 1来发现另一个路由器,这个重复的动作一直持续到某个datagram 抵达目的地。当datagram到达目的地后,该主机并不会送回ICMP time exceeded消息,因为它已是目的地了,那么traceroute如何得知目的地到达了呢?

  Traceroute在送出UDP datagrams到目的地时,它所选择送达的port number 是一个一般应用程序都不会用的号码(30000 以上),所以当此UDP datagram 到达目的地后该主机会送回一个「ICMP port unreachable」的消息,而当traceroute 收到这个消息时,便知道目的地已经到达了。所以traceroute Server端也是没有所谓的Daemon 程式。

  Traceroute提取发 ICMP TTL到期消息设备的IP地址并作域名解析。每次 Traceroute都打印出一系列数据,包括所经过的路由设备的域名及 IP地址,三个包每次来回所花时间。

  Traceroute 有一个固定的时间等待响应(ICMP TTL到期消息)。如果这个时间过了,它将打印出一系列的*号表明:在这个路径上,这个设备不能在给定的时间内发出ICMP TTL到期消息的响应。然后,TracerouteTTL记数器加1,继续进行。

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