分类: 系统运维
2009-06-27 15:55:34
实验目的:
1、理解OSPF虚链路原理及何时需要使用虚链路。
2、掌握OSPF虚链路配置方法
实验拓扑图:
实验步骤及要求:
1、配置各台路由器的IP地址,并且使用Ping命令确认各路由器的直连口的互通性。
2、首先配置R2,R3,R4的OSPF协议,配置过程中注意区域号:
3、完成配置后,查看R1的路由表。
R1#show ip route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks C 172.16.255.0/30 is directly connected, Serial1/1 O IA 172.16.255.4/30 [110/128] via 172.16.255.2, 00:02:11, Serial1/1 C 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 R1# |
4、查看R2的路由表:
R2#show ip route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks C 172.16.255.0/30 is directly connected, Serial1/0 C 172.16.255.4/30 is directly connected, Serial1/1 O 172.16.1.1/32 [110/65] via 172.16.255.1, 00:05:10, Serial1/0 R2# |
5、查看R3的路由表:
R3#show ip route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks C 172.16.255.4/30 is directly connected, Serial1/0 C 172.16.255.8/30 is directly connected, Serial1/1 O IA 172.16.16.1/32 [110/65] via 172.16.255.10, 00:05:16, Serial1/1 R3# |
6、查看R4路由表:
R4#show ip route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks O IA 172.16.255.4/30 [110/128] via 172.16.255.9, 00:19:32, Serial1/0 C 172.16.255.8/30 is directly connected, Serial1/0 C 172.16.16.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 R4# |
7、通过以上查看,可以发现,任何一台路由器都无法学习到完整的网络路由。产生此问题的主要原因是:骨干0的区域被area 2分割,造成整个网络变成两个OSPF的自治系统。所以相互之间都无法学习完整的路由。
8、在这种情况下,可以通过配置虚链路来解决骨干被分割的问题。在R2与R3的路由器上实施如下配置:
R2(config)#router ospf 1 R2(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 172.16.255.9 R2(config-router)#exit R2(config)#exit R2# |
R3(config)#router ospf 1 R3(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 172.16.255.5 R3(config-router)#exit R3(config)#exit R3# |
9、查看任意一台路由,确认路由学习情况。本处选择R1路由器。
R1#show ip route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 5 subnets, 3 masks C 172.16.255.0/30 is directly connected, Serial1/1 O IA 172.16.255.4/30 [110/128] via 172.16.255.2, 00:01:08, Serial1/1 O 172.16.255.8/30 [110/192] via 172.16.255.2, 00:01:08, Serial1/1 O IA 172.16.16.1/32 [110/193] via 172.16.255.2, 00:01:08, Serial1/1 C 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 R1# |
10、接下来,使用ping命令,确认路由是否有效。
R1#ping 172.16.16.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.16.1, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 188/239/288 ms R1# R1# R1#ping 172.16.255.9 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 172.16.255.9, timeout is 2 seconds: !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 144/168/192 ms R1# |
11、此时,无法学习完整的路由问题已经被解决。OSPF Virtual Link不仅可以解决普通区域与骨干区域非直接问题,还可以解决骨干被分割问题。但是,此类问题一般都是由于网络迁移或是本身设计问题所造成的。OSPF的虚链路仅仅是一种网络过渡的解决方案。
12、实验完成。