分类： LINUX
2010-08-17 16:58:47
目 录
1、 项目名称…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3
2、 项目说明…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………........4
2.1软硬件准备……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….4
3、工程概要………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5
3.1实现目的…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….5
3.2实施计划……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5
3.3实施拓扑图…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5
4、实施步骤……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………6
4.1环境准备……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7
4.2安装nginx………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7
4.3安装mysql………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….8
4.4安装php库及扩展模块…………………………………………………………………………………………….9
4.5编辑配置文件…………………………………………………………………………………………………………10
4.6启动服务…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………11
5、测试…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………12
6.常见错误解析…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..13
附录……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..14
常用命令…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..14
1、
项目名称
lnmp的搭建
2、
项目说明
此项目是web基于linux环境下，采用目前较流行nginx，与mysql，php，进 量级，承受压力大的新型网站web服务
nginx是一款轻量级的、以及电子邮件（IMAP/POP3）代理服务器，并在协议下发行。软件由的程式设计师Igor Sysoev所开发，最初供俄国大型的入口网站及搜寻引擎（：Рамблер）使用。
其特点是占有少，并发能力强。
目前中国大陆使用nginx网站用户有：、、。另外知名的也使用nginx
2.1软件环境：
|
软件名称 |
说明 |
|
mysql-5.0.22 |
|
|
nginx-0.8.29 |
|
|
php5.2.11 |
|
|
libevent1.4.13 |
|
|
php-fpm-0.65.2.11 |
|
|
eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2 |
|
|
第三方开发包 |
|
2.2硬件环境
|
硬件名称 |
说明 |
|
操作系统 |
Ubuntu8.04.3 |
|
主机名 |
my.dd |
|
Ip地址 |
192.168.0.86 |
3、
工程概况
3.1实现目的
打造轻型web服务器，加强网站的承受能力。
3.2实施计划
|
步骤 |
工作描述及目的 |
工作时间 |
|
1 |
准备工作，搭建所需环境 |
|
|
2 |
安装web服务 |
|
|
3 |
测试 |
|
3.3拓扑图
4、
实施步骤
4.1环境准备
安装第三方开发包
4.2ginx安装
apt-get install libpcre3
libpcre3-dev g++
安装nginx
tar zcf nginx-0.8.29.tar.gz
cd nginx-0.8.29
./configure
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx
--user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module
--with-http_stub_status_module
make && make install
4.3ql5.1.40 server
a) 安装编译mysql需要使用的库
apt-get install libncurses5-dev
b) max参数指定安装全部存储引擎，包括innodb和cluster（集群）
c) 编译安装
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/mysql --with-mysqld-user=mysql
--with-extra-charsets=all
--with-unix-socket-path=/usr/local/mysql/var/mysql.sock --localstatedir=/var/mysql/local
--sharedstatedir=/var/mysql/share --with-pthread
--enable-thread-safe-client --with-plugins=partition,archive,blackhole,csv,federated,heap,innobase,innodb_plugin,myisam,myisammrg,ndbcluster
make && make
install
d) 配置文件
mkdir -p
/var/mysql/share
mkdir -p
/var/mysql/local
#此为全局设置,任选一种
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /etc/my.cnf
#此为local设置,任选一种
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-huge.cnf /var/mysql/local/my.cnf
chmod 644 /var/mysql/local/my.cnf
e) 安装系统数据库文件
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db
useradd mysql
chmod 755 /var/mysql/local -R
chown mysql:root /var/mysql -R
chown mysql:root /usr/local/mysql -R
f) 设置mysql自动启动
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/
update-rc.d mysql.server defaults
g) 启动mysql
/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server start
h) 设置root用户本地localhost访问的密码，不设置默认为空
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password cehrs.com
i) 增加root从任意机器操作数据库的所有权限，仅方便开发测试，不允许发布环境使用
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u root
GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY '123456';
4.4hp安装
A)的第三方库
tall libxml2
xml2 xml-core libpng3
libtiff4 libfreetype6 mcrypt
libmcrypt4 libgd2-xpm libjpeg62 curl libmhash2
libxslt1.1 libltdl3 libgmp3c2
libc-client2007
libevent1
C)php-fpm所需第三方类库
export LE_VER=1.4.13-stable
wget "~provos/libevent-$LE_VER.tar.gz"
tar -zxvf "libevent-$LE_VER.tar.gz"
cd "libevent-$LE_VER"
./configure && make
DESTDIR=$PWD make install
D)装fpm（php的fastcgi 管理器）补丁
export PHP_VER=5.2.11
wget
"~$PHP_VER.tar.gz"
tar -zxvf "php-fpm-0.6~$PHP_VER.tar.gz"
php-fpm-0.6-$PHP_VER/generate-fpm-patch·
E)装php所需的mysql客户端类库
cp /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient*
/lib/
F)装php（fastcgi模式,fpm补丁）
tar zxf php-5.2.11.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.11
patch -p1 < ../fpm.patch
./buildconf --force
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php5
--with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php5
--with-fpm --with-fpm-conf=/usr/local/php5/php-fpm.conf --with-libevent
make && make install
cp php.ini-recommended /usr/local/php5/php.ini
mkdir -p /usr/local/php5/ext
cd /usr/local/php-5.11/ext/curl (到php的源码中执行下面命令）
/usr/local/php5/bin/phpize
./configure
--with-php-config=/usr/local/php5/bin/php-config --with-curl
make && make install
mv /usr/local/php5/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20060613/* /usr/local/php5/ext
vi /usr/local/php5/php.ini
;设置动态库的存储路径
extension_dir = "/usr/local/php5/ext"
;载入curl扩展库的so
extension=curl.so
下面都要安装curl的安装方式进行：
生成如下的模块
extension=bz2.so
extension=calendar.so
extension=curl.so
extension=exif.so
extension=ftp.so
extension=gd.so
extension=gettext.so
extension=gmp.so
extension=imap.so
extension=ldap.so
extension=mbstring.so
extension=mcrypt.so
extension=mhash.so
extension=mysql.so
extension=openssl.so
extension=soap.so
extension=sockets.so
extension=xmlrpc.so
extension=xsl.so
extension=zip.so
extension=zlib.so
安装eaccelerator加速器
wget
tar -xjvf eaccelerator-0.9.5.3.tar.bz2
cd eaccelerator-0.9.5.3
export PHP_PREFIX="/usr/local/php5/"
/usr/local/php5/bin/phpize
./configure
--enable-eaccelerator=shared
--with-php-config=$PHP_PREFIX/bin/php-config
make
make test
make install
修改php.ini
[eAccelerator]
extension=eaccelerator.so
eaccelerator.shm_size=64
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/var/www/tmp"
eaccelerator.enable=1
eaccelerator.optimizer=1
eaccelerator.check_mtime=1
eaccelerator.debug=0
eaccelerator.filter=
eaccelerator.shm_max=0
eaccelerator.shm_ttl=0
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period=0
eaccelerator.shm_only=0
eaccelerator.compress=1
eaccelerator.compress_level=9
创建目录：mkdir /var/www/tmp
Chmod 0777 /var/www/tmp
4.5编辑配置文件
} Nginx的配置文件
root@my:/usr/local/nginx/conf# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www www; 编辑用户
worker_processes 50;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit ]
#error_log /dev/null;
error_log /var/www/logs/nginx_error.log error;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events{
use epoll;
#maxclient = worker_processes * worker_connections / cpu_number
worker_connections 5120;
}
http{
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] $request '
'"$status" $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log /dev/null;
#General Options
server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
ignore_invalid_headers on;
recursive_error_pages on;
server_name_in_redirect off;
sendfile on;
#timeouts
keepalive_timeout 60;
#TCP Options
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
#fastcgi options
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 128k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
#size limits
client_max_body_size 50m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
#gzip compression
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 0;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain text/css image/x-icon image/png;
gzip_vary on;
#temp files
proxy_temp_path /var/www/tmp/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path /var/www/tmp/fastcgi_temp;
client_body_temp_path /var/www/tmp/client_body_temp;
#client_body_temp_path /usr/local/nginx8/client_body_temp 1 2;
#proxy_temp_path /usr/local/nginx8/proxy_temp 1 2;
#fastcgi_temp_path /usr/local/nginx8/fastcgi_temp 1 2;
#upstream
# upstream bbs.linuxtone.org {
# ip_hash;
# server 127.0.0.1:8080;
# server 61.164.122.252:8080;
# server 220.189.245.68;
#}
server {
root /var/www/wwwroot;
server_name localhost;
listen 80;
access_log /var/www/logs/localhost.access.log;
location / {
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#location = /50x.html {
# root /var/www/wwwroot;
#}
# pass the *.php scripts to @php_fpm_bin@ listening on tcp port @php_fpm_port@
#
include php5.conf;
}
# The following includes are specified for virtual hosts
#
include vhosts/.conf;
cat php5.conf
location ~ \.php {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
set $path_info "";
set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
if ($fastcgi_script_name ~ "^(.+?\.php)(/.+)$") {
set $real_script_name $1;
set $path_info $2;
}
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $real_script_name$path_info;
}
创建域名访问的文件
Mkdir vhosts
编辑域名文件
如 ：
root@my:/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts# cat bbs.dd.com.cn.conf
#bbs.cehrs.com.cn
server{
listen 80;
server_name bbs.dd.com.cn;
root /var/www/wwwroot/bbs;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
access_log /var/www/logs/bbs.dd.com.cn.access.log;
#error_page 404 /404.html;
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#rewrite ^/bbs/(.*)
include php5.conf ;
}
4.6启动服务
启动nginx
/etc/init.d/nginx start
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
Php-fpm
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
5、
测试
在nginx的web访问路径里编辑文件
如：
Vim test。Php
输入ip地址 访问
当php不能正常显示时：查看nginx的配置文件，是否和nginx整合
6、 常见错误解析
报错：
This command must be executed one directory ABOVE the
./generate-fpm-patch: 12: php-fpm/generate-fpm-patch: not found
php-fpm source tree, with
cp: cannot copy a directory, `../../.', into itself, `sapi/fpm'
root@my:/usr/local/php-fpm-0.6-5.2.11# php-fpm/generate-fpm-patch
-su: php-fpm/generate-fpm-patch: No such file or directory
解决：路径的问题
从新查看路径，文件位置，从新安排目录即可
buildconf: checking installation...
buildconf: autoconf not found.
You need autoconf version 2.13 or newer installed
to build PHP from CVS.
make: *** [buildmk.stamp] Error 1
解决：是缺包
安装autoconf 即可
报错：
Configuring fpm
checking dynamic linker characteristics... GNU/Linux ld.so
checking for libevent >= 1.4.11... no
configure: warning: Could not find libevent 1.4.11.
configure: warning: The use of earlier versions of libevent is not recommended
configure: warning: and can result in unspecified or unsupported behaviour.
checking for minimum libevent version >= 1.4.3... no
configure: warning: Syntax:
configure: warning: --with-libevent=yes|path - link to libevent.a (static library)
configure: warning: --with-libevent=shared,path - link to libevent.so (shared library)
configure: error: Libevent minimum version >= 1.4.3 could not be found.
root@my:/usr/local/php-5.2.11#
解决：重新编译libevent 使用如下的configure
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/ 要和php的路径相同
报错3：
/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server: 94: source: not found
Starting MySQL
/usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server: 348: log_success_msg: not found
解决：
错误：
Starting php-fpm Jan 15 19:37:24.592987 [ERROR] fpm_unix_conf_wp(), line 114: cannot get gid for group 'nobody', pool 'default'
Done
解决修改：vim /usr/local/fpm-php5/php-fpm.conf
将Unix user of processes
Unix group of processes
改为，nginx使用的用户
Unix user of processes
Unix group of processes
附录
常用命令及其他
1 nginx自启动脚本
vi /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/bash
# nginx Startup script for the Nginx HTTP Server
# this script create it by jackbillow at 2007.10.15.
# it is v.0.0.2 version.
# if you find any errors on this scripts,please contact jackbillow.
# and send mail to jackbillow at gmail dot com.
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
# It has a lot of features, but it's not for everyone.
# processname: nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# config: /usr/local/nginx8/conf/nginx.conf
nginxd=/usr/local/nginx8/sbin/nginx
nginx_config=/usr/local/nginx8/conf/nginx.conf
nginx_pid=/var/run/nginx.pid
RETVAL=0
prog="nginx daemon"
# Source function library.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
# Source networking configuration.
#. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
#[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0
[ -x $nginxd ] || exit 0
# Start nginx daemons functions.
start() {
if [ -e $nginx_pid ];then
echo "nginx already running...."
exit 1
fi
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
$nginxd -c ${nginx_config}
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
# Stop nginx daemons functions.
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
$nginxd -s stop
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
# reload nginx service functions.
reload() {
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
#kill -HUP `cat ${nginx_pid}`
$nginxd -s reload
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
reload)
reload
;;
restart)
stop
start
;;
status)
status $prog
RETVAL=$?
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $prog {start|stop|restart|reload|status|help}"
exit 1
esac
exit $RETVAL
update-rc.d nginx defaults
/etc/init.d/nginx start
/etc/init.d/php-fpm start
配置文件：
Nginx的配置文件
root@my:/usr/local/nginx/conf# cat
/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
user www
www;
worker_processes 50;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
# [ debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit
]
#error_log
/dev/null;
error_log
/var/www/logs/nginx_error.log error;
#error_log
logs/error.log notice;
#error_log
logs/error.log info;
#Specifies the value for maximum file
descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 51200;
events{
use
epoll;
#maxclient = worker_processes * worker_connections / cpu_number
worker_connections 5120;
}
http{
include mime.types;
default_type
application/octet-stream;
charset utf-8;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local]
$request '
'"$status"
$body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log /dev/null;
#General Options
server_names_hash_bucket_size
128;
client_header_buffer_size 32k;
large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;
ignore_invalid_headers on;
recursive_error_pages on;
server_name_in_redirect off;
sendfile on;
#timeouts
keepalive_timeout 60;
#TCP Options
tcp_nopush on;
tcp_nodelay on;
#fastcgi options
fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;
fastcgi_send_timeout 300;
fastcgi_read_timeout 300;
fastcgi_buffer_size 128k;
fastcgi_buffers 4 128k;
fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
#size limits
client_max_body_size 50m;
client_body_buffer_size 256k;
#gzip compression
gzip on;
gzip_min_length 0;
gzip_buffers 16 8k;
gzip_http_version 1.0;
gzip_comp_level 9;
gzip_types text/plain
text/css image/x-icon image/png;
gzip_vary on;
#temp files
proxy_temp_path
/var/www/tmp/proxy_temp;
fastcgi_temp_path
/var/www/tmp/fastcgi_temp;
client_body_temp_path
/var/www/tmp/client_body_temp;
#client_body_temp_path
/usr/local/nginx8/client_body_temp 1 2;
#proxy_temp_path
/usr/local/nginx8/proxy_temp 1 2;
#fastcgi_temp_path
/usr/local/nginx8/fastcgi_temp 1 2;
#upstream
#
upstream bbs.linuxtone.org {
# ip_hash;
# server 127.0.0.1:8080;
# server 61.164.122.252:8080;
# server 220.189.245.68;
#}
server
{
root /var/www/wwwroot;
server_name localhost;
listen 80;
access_log /var/www/logs/localhost.access.log;
location
/ {
index index.html index.htm index.php;
}
#error_page 404
/404.html;
#
redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#location
= /50x.html {
# root
/var/www/wwwroot;
#}
#
pass the *.php scripts to @php_fpm_bin@ listening on tcp port @php_fpm_port@
#
include php5.conf;
}
#
The following includes are specified for virtual hosts
#
include vhosts/.conf;
include vhosts/ca.dd.com.cn.conf;
include vhosts/res.dd.com.cn.conf;
include vhosts/bbs.dd.com.cn.conf;
include vhosts/cms.dd.com.cn.conf;
include
vhosts/crms.dd.com.cn.conf;
cat php5.conf
location
~ \.php {
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
set $path_info "";
set $real_script_name $fastcgi_script_name;
if
($fastcgi_script_name ~ "^(.+?\.php)(/.+)$") {
set $real_script_name $1;
set $path_info $2;
}
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$real_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $real_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $real_script_name$path_info;
}
创建域名访问的文件
Mkdir vhosts
编辑域名文件
如 ：
root@my:/usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts# cat
bbs.cehrs.com.cn.conf
#bbs.ddcom.cn
server{
listen 80;
server_name bbs.dd.com.cn;
root /var/www/wwwroot/bbs;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
access_log /var/www/logs/bbs.dd.com.cn.access.log;
#error_page
404 /404.html;
#error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
#rewrite
^/bbs/(.*)
include php5.conf ;
}
访问直接在浏览器里输入ip
