Application Development[转]

Contents []

Create an Activity

这里给出以命令行方式创建Android应用的步骤, 所使用的 SDK为一文中用make sdk命令构建出来的SDK。

注意： SDK的主页已经转移到http://developer.android.com

Install Apache Ant

首先需要安装Apache Ant。

在Apache Ant的主页上 下载Ant到~//downloads/apache-ant-1.7.1-bin.tar.gz

然后将其解压缩到/usr/local/apache-ant-1.7.1

在~/.bashrc中增添以下脚本：

export ANT_HOME=/usr/local/apache-ant-1.7.1
export PATH=${PATH}:${ANT_HOME}/bin

Create Android Activity Project

根据 中所述，在执行make sdk命令后（可参考），似乎可以用新build出来的SDK的tools下边activitycreator脚本来创建新的应用。

cd ~/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/
./activitycreator --out HelloWorld com.android.hello.HelloWorld

但是发现报出如下错误：

ERROR: Target platform templates directory does not exist.

原因在~//src/development/tools/activitycreator/src/com//activitycreator/ActivityCreator.java 中默认模版路径为：

// FIXME: target platform must be provided by the user
private final String mTargetPlatform = "android-1.1";

而实际上在SDK目录下的platforms中只有-1.5目录：

  /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/platforms:
  总计 12
  drwxrwx--- 3 justin justin 4096 02-15 19:09 .
  drwxrwx--- 6 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:06 ..
  drwxrwx--- 7 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:06 android-1.5

因此需要修改mTargetPlatform变量并重新编译SDK ，或者做一个符号链结：

  /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/platforms:
  总计 12
  drwxrwx--- 3 justin justin 4096 02-15 19:09 .
  drwxrwx--- 6 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:06 ..
  lrwxrwxrwx 1 justin justin   12 02-15 19:09 android-1.1 -> android-1.5/
  drwxrwx--- 7 justin justin 4096 02-13 17:06 android-1.5

在次运行脚本，在创建好目录结构后又发生错误：

Package: com.android.hello
Output directory: HelloAndroid
Tests directory: HelloAndroid/tests
Activity name: HelloAndroid
ActivityTest name: HelloAndroidTest
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/src/
com/android/hello
Added file HelloAndroid/src/com/android/hello/HelloAndroid.java
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/bin
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/libs
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/res
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/test
s/src/com/android/hello
Added file HelloAndroid/tests/src/com/android/hello/HelloAndroidTest.java
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/test
s/bin
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/test
s/libs
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/test
s/res
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/res/
values
Added file HelloAndroid/res/values/strings.xml
Created directory /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/res/
layout
Added file HelloAndroid/res/layout/main.xml
Added file HelloAndroid/AndroidManifest.xml
Added file HelloAndroid/build.xml
ERROR: Could not access HelloAndroid/default.properties: /home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.k
wgj48_linux-x86/tools/lib/default.properties.template (No such file or directory)

此时在~//src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/lib目录下新建空白属性文件default.properties.template即可。

对新建的目录进行编译，运行：

cd HelloWorld
ant

发现无法构建失败：

Buildfile: build.xml

BUILD FAILED
/home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/build.xml:46: taskdef
class com.android.ant.AndroidInitTask cannot be found

Total time: 2 seconds

原来没有找到SDK中的类路径，通过检察build.xml中的属性文件发现：

需要在刚才新建的default.properties.template文件中增加SDK的路径：

sdk-location=/home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86

重新运行activitycreator脚本，将模版拷贝至项目目录：

./activitycreator --out HelloWorld com.android.hello.HelloWorld

然后重新运行ant，构建失败，发现没有指定目标平台：

Buildfile: build.xml

BUILD FAILED
/home/justin/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/HelloAndroid/build.xml:50: Android
 Target is not set.

Total time: 4 seconds

需要在default.properties.template中增加：

target=android-3

再次运行activitycreator更新项目目录，运行ant脚本，构建通过：

Buildfile: build.xml
[androidinit] Project Target: Android 1.5
[androidinit] Platform Version: 1.5
[androidinit] API level: 3

help:
     [echo] Android Ant Build. Available targets:
     [echo]    help:      Displays this help.
     [echo]    debug:     Builds the application and sign it with a debug key.
     [echo]    release:   Builds the application. The generated apk file must be
     [echo]               signed before it is published.
     [echo]    install:   Installs the debug package onto a running emulator or
     [echo]               device. This can only be used if the application has
     [echo]               not yet been installed.
     [echo]    reinstall: Installs the debug package on a running emulator or
     [echo]               device that already has the application.
     [echo]               The signatures must match.
     [echo]    uninstall: uninstall the application from a running emulator or
     [echo]               device.

BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 1 second

可以发现，这里显示了一些在开发过程中用到构件目标。

Using 'Anroid' script instead of 'activitycreator'

通过阅读刚才生成的build.xml构件文件，发现SDK tools中的脚本可能方便生成项目目录结构。

以下是它的帮助信息：

Usage:
  android [global options] action [action options]

Global options:
  -v --verbose  Verbose mode (false)
  -h --help     This help (false)

Valid actions:
- list:       Lists existing targets or VMs.
- vm:         Creates a new VM.
- project:    Creates a new project using a template.
- update:     Updates a new project from existing source (must have an AndroidManifest.xml).

Action "project":
  Creates a new project using a template.
Options:
  -n --name     Name of the new project
  -o --out      Location path of new project
  -m --mode     Project mode (activity|alias)
  -t --target   Target id of the new project
  -a --activity Activity name
  -p --package  Package name

可以看出要创建一个新的项目，可以用脚本的project子命令：

首先察看一下可用的目标id：

cd ~/android/src/out/host/linux-x86/sdk/android-sdk_eng.justin_linux-x86/tools/
android list

显示为：

ailable Android targets:
[1] Android 1.5
     API level: 3
     Skins: HVGA-P, HVGA-L, QVGA-L, QVGA-P, HVGA
[2] Android 1.5
     API level: 3
     Skins: HVGA-P, HVGA-L, QVGA-L, QVGA-P, HVGA
Available Android VMs:

于是，可以用以下命令来新建一个项目目录：

mkdir HelloWorld
android project --out HelloWorld --name HelloWorld --target 1  --activity HelloWorld \
        --package com.android.hello

Sign your application