数据库操作方式:可以采用ADO方式,也可以采用oracle本身提供的Proc*C/C++或者是OCCI方式操作数据库。
连接方式:可以是客户端连接、也可以是服务器端连接。
数据库配置:无论是何种连接都需要进行数据库连接的配置,一般在ORACLE_HOME下面的network/admin/tnsnames.ora文件中进行配置,如果没有此目录或者是此文件,需要自己手工添加。内容格式大致如下:
- BM2D0 =
- (DESCRIPTION =
- (ADDRESS_LIST =
- (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX)(PORT = 1521))
- )
- (CONNECT_DATA =
- (SERVICE_NAME = BM2D0)
- )
- )
其中橄榄色可任意起名,一般在数据库连接是作为服务和用户名、密码一起确定数据库连接的参数。
第一个鲜粉色是远程oracle数据库所在服务器的IP地址,端口号一般为1521。
第二个鲜粉色是远程oracle所在主机的全局数据库名字,不能随意更改。
后两个搭配起来能够确定唯一连接对象。
客户端连接:
方式一:ADO
main.cpp
- #include "DBOperation.h"
- #include <iostream>
- using namespace std;
- void main()
- {
- CDBOperation dbOper;
- bool bConn = dbOper.ConnToDB("Provider=OraOLEDB.Oracle.1;Persist Security Info=True;Data Source=xxx1", "xxx2", "xxx3");
- if (false == bConn)
- {
- printf("连接数据库出现错误\n");
- system("PAUSE");
- return;
- }
- _RecordsetPtr pRst;
- //执行查询语句
- //char *sql = "select * from TSTUDENT";
- char sql[255] = {0};
- strcpy(sql, "select * from TSTUDENT");
- pRst = dbOper.ExecuteWithResSQL(sql);
- if (NULL == pRst)
- {
- printf("查询数据出现错误!\n");
- system("PAUSE");
- return;
- }
- if (pRst->adoEOF)
- {
- pRst->Close();
- printf("There is no records in this table\n");
- return;
- }
- _variant_t vSno, vName, v***, vAge, vDno, vDname, vCname;
- while (!pRst->adoEOF)
- {
- //pRst->MoveFirst(); //记录集指针移动到查询结果集的前面
- vSno = pRst->GetCollect(_variant_t((long)0));
- vName = pRst->GetCollect(_variant_t("name"));
- v*** = pRst->GetCollect(_variant_t("***"));
- vAge = pRst->GetCollect(_variant_t("age"));
- //vDno = pRst->GetCollect("dno");
- //vDname = pRst->GetCollect("dname");
- //vCname = pRst->GetCollect("cname");
- printf("%s\t%s\t%s\t%d\n", (LPSTR)(LPCSTR)(_bstr_t)vSno, (LPSTR)(LPCSTR)_bstr_t(vName), (LPSTR)(LPCSTR)_bstr_t(v***), vAge.intVal);
- pRst->MoveNext();
- }
-
- //执行插入语句
- //sprintf(sql, "insert into TSTUDENT(sno, name, ***, age) values('%s', '%s', '%s', %d)", "20080016", "全局", "女", 25);
- strcpy(sql, "insert into TSTUDENT(sno, name, ***, age) values('20080001', '全局', '女', 25)");
- pRst = dbOper.ExecuteWithResSQL(sql);
- if (NULL != pRst)
- {
- printf("插入数据成功\n");
- }
- //执行删除语句
-
- sprintf(sql, "delete from TSTUDENT where sno = '%s'", "20080017");
- pRst = dbOper.ExecuteWithResSQL(sql);
- if (NULL != pRst)
- {
- printf("删除数据成功\n");
- }
- system("PAUSE");
- //pRst->Close();
- }
其中XXX1:是tnsnames.ora中配置的服务名,XXX2是用户名,XXX3是密码。
DBOperation.h:
- #pragma once
- #import "c:\program files\common files\system\ado\msado15.dll" no_namespace rename("EOF", "adoEOF")
- class CDBOperation
- {
- public:
- //初始化数据库操作需要的对象
- CDBOperation(void);
- ~CDBOperation(void);
- //连接至数据库
- bool ConnToDB(char *ConnectionString, char *UserID, char *Password);
- //数据库操作函数
- //查询操作 删除以及添加
- _RecordsetPtr ExecuteWithResSQL(const char *);
- //bool ExecuteNoResSQL(const char *);//delete and add
- private:
- void PrintErrorInfo(_com_error &);
- private:
- //初始化数据库连接、命令、记录集
- _ConnectionPtr CreateConnPtr();
- _CommandPtr CreateCommPtr();
- _RecordsetPtr CreateRecsetPtr();
- private:
- //数据库连接需要的连接、命令操作对象
- _ConnectionPtr m_pConnection;
- _CommandPtr m_pCommand;
- };
DBOperation.cpp
- #include "DBOperation.h"
- CDBOperation::CDBOperation(void)
- {
- CoInitialize(NULL);
- m_pConnection = CreateConnPtr();
- m_pCommand = CreateCommPtr();
- }
- CDBOperation::~CDBOperation(void)
- {
- //m_pCommand->Close();
- m_pConnection->Close();
- }
- bool CDBOperation::ConnToDB(char *ConnectionString, char *UserID, char *Password)
- {
- if (NULL == m_pConnection)
- {
- printf("Failed to create connection\n");
- return false;
- }
- try
- {
- HRESULT hr = m_pConnection->Open(ConnectionString, UserID, Password, NULL);
- if (TRUE == FAILED(hr))
- {
- return false;
- }
- m_pCommand->ActiveConnection = m_pConnection;
- return true;
- }
- catch(_com_error &e)
- {
- PrintErrorInfo(e);
- return false;
- }
- }
- _RecordsetPtr CDBOperation::ExecuteWithResSQL(const char *sql)
- {
- //已经在连接至数据库的时候进行判断了
- //if (NULL == m_pCommand || 0 == m_pConnection->State)
- //{
- // printf("Failed to create command OR the state of connection is zero\n");
- // return NULL;
- //}
- //char *query = new char;
- //strcpy(query, sql);
- try
- {
- m_pCommand->CommandText = _bstr_t(sql);
- _RecordsetPtr pRst = m_pCommand->Execute(NULL, NULL, adCmdText);
- return pRst;
- //_variant_t ra;
- //_RecordsetPtr pRst = m_pConnection->Execute((_bstr_t)query, &ra, adCmdText);
- }
- catch(_com_error &e)
- {
- PrintErrorInfo(e);
- return NULL;
- }
- }
- //bool CDBOperation::ExecuteNoResSQL(const char *sql)
- //{
- // //if (NULL == m_pCommand || 0 == m_pConnection->State)
- // //{
- // // printf();
- // //}
- // try
- // {
- // char *query = NULL;
- // strcpy(query, sql);
- // m_pCommand->CommandText = (_bstr_t)query;
- //
- // }
- //}
- void CDBOperation::PrintErrorInfo(_com_error &e)
- {
- printf("Error infomation are as follows\n");
- printf("ErrorNo: %d\nError Message:%s\nError Source:%s\nError Description:%s\n", e.Error(), e.ErrorMessage(), (LPCTSTR)e.Source(), (LPCTSTR)e.Description());
- }
- _ConnectionPtr CDBOperation::CreateConnPtr()
- {
- HRESULT hr;
- _ConnectionPtr connPtr;
- hr = connPtr.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Connection));
- if (FAILED(hr) == TRUE)
- {
- return NULL;
- }
- return connPtr;
- }
- _CommandPtr CDBOperation::CreateCommPtr()
- {
- HRESULT hr;
- _CommandPtr commPtr;
- hr = commPtr.CreateInstance(__uuidof(Command));
- if (FAILED(hr) == TRUE)
- {
- return NULL;
- }
- return commPtr;
- }
- _RecordsetPtr CDBOperation::CreateRecsetPtr()
- {
- HRESULT hr;
- _RecordsetPtr recsetPtr;
- hr = recsetPtr.CreateInstance(__uuidof( Command));
- if (FAILED(hr) ==TRUE)
- {
- return NULL;
- }
- return recsetPtr;
- }
方式二:OCCI
默认oracle安装了occi库,但是只是安装了release版本的资源,因此需要将程序配置为release模式,或者是参看为debug模式获取必备的头文件以及库文件,本文采用的是release模式,使用默认安装的库文件以及头文件。
1.修改配置属性
改为Rlease模式
2.添加库文件目录
$(ORACLE_HOME)\oci\include
3.添加头文件目录
$(ORACLE_HOME)\oci\lib
4.添加库文件:oraocci10.lib
应用程序:
- //代码的目的就是验证makefile中oracle的头文件和lib文件路径是否正确了
- #include <iostream>
- #define WIN32COMMON //避免函数重定义错误
- #include <occi.h>
- using namespace std;
- using namespace oracle::occi;
- int main()
- {
- Environment *env=Environment::createEnvironment();
- cout<<"success"<<endl;
- string name = "xxx";
- string pass = "xxx";
- string srvName = "xxx";
- try
- {
- Connection *conn = env->createConnection("bsm3", "bsm3", "BSM3");
- cout<<"conn success"<<endl;
- env->terminateConnection(conn);
- }
- catch(SQLException e)
- {
- cout<<e.what()<<endl;
- system("pause");
- return -1;
- }
- Environment::terminateEnvironment(env);
- cout<<"end!"<<endl;
- system("pause");
- return 0;
- }
服务器端:AIX服务器
方式一:OCCI
helloworld.cpp
- //代码的目的就是验证makefile中oracle的头文件和lib文件路径是否正确了
- #include <iostream>
- #include <occi.h>
- using namespace std;
- using namespace oracle::occi;
- main()
- {
- Environment *env=Environment::createEnvironment();
- cout<<"success"<<endl;
- string name = "xxx";
- string pass = "xxx";
- string srvName = "xxx";
- try
- {
- Connection *conn = env->createConnection(name, pass, srvName);
- cout<<"conn success"<<endl;
- env->terminateConnection(conn);
- }
- catch(SQLException e)
- {
- cout<<e.what()<<endl;
- }
- Environment::terminateEnvironment(env);
- cout<<"end!"<<endl;
- }
Makefile:
- ###########################################
- #Makefile for the OCCI demo programs
- ###########################################
- INC=-I${ORACLE_HOME}/precomp/public -I${ORACLE_HOME}/rdbms/public
- LIB=-L${ORACLE_HOME}/lib -locci #-bnoquiet #-bloadmap
- FLAGS=-q64 -g
- #为方便取下面三个变量,目标为helloworld,源文件是helloworld.cpp,编译后文件helloworld.o
- PRG=helloworld
- SRC=helloworld.cpp
- OBJ=helloworld.o
- #下面是常规的makefile内容,$@表示依次取目标执行,这里只有helloworld一个目标。实际等价于
- #CC -o helloworld helloworld.o 不过加入了include和lib文件。而helloworld.o需要后续完成
- $(PRG):$(OBJ)
- @echo "begin link......"
- ${CC} ${FLAGS} ${INC} ${LIB} -o $@ $(OBJ)
- #helloworld目标依赖helloworld.o生成,所以该句就是编译.c生成.o文件。只不过加入了include和lib文件
- $(OBJ):$(SRC)
- @echo "begin compile......"
- ${CC} ${FLAGS} ${INC} ${LIB} -c $(SRC)
- #后面的内容不是make的内容了,而是make clean内容。比如想重新make之前,清除.o等文件,执行make clean语句
- #.PRNOY语句表明 clean关键词是个伪目标。make不自动执行。
- .PRONY:clean
- clean:
- @echo "Removing linked and compiled files....."
- rm -f $(OBJ) $(PRG)
关于客户端以及服务器端采用PROC*C/C++连接方式待续。。。。
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