ORACLE备份&恢复案例之二（精品）

4.3丢失多个数据文件，实现整个数据库的恢复

4.3.1 OS备份方案

OS备份归档模式下损坏（丢失）多个数据文件，进行整个数据库的恢复

1、连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录

SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production on Tue May 6 13:46:32 2003

(c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> create table test(a int);

Table created

SQL> insert into test values(1);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

2、备份数据库，备份除临时数据文件后的所数据文件

SQL> @hotbak.sql 或在DOS下 svrmgrl @hotbak.sql

3、继续在测试表中插入记录

SQL> insert into test values(2);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> select * from test;

A

---------------------------------------

1

2

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

4、关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down

C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF

C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF

C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF

C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTRBS01.DBF

模拟媒体毁坏（这里删除多个数据文件）

5、启动数据库，检查错误

SQL> STARTUP

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes

Fixed Size 70924 bytes

Variable Size 85487616 bytes

Database Buffers 16384000 bytes

Redo Buffers 77824 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF'

详细信息可以查看报警文件

ORA-1157 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE OPEN...

Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003

Errors in file D:OracleadmintestbdumptestDBW0.TRC:

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF'

ORA-27041: unable to open file

OSD-04002: unable to open file

O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。

Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003

Errors in file D:OracleadmintestbdumptestDBW0.TRC:

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 2 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 2: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTRBS01.DBF'

ORA-27041: unable to open file

OSD-04002: unable to open file

O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。

Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003

Errors in file D:OracleadmintestbdumptestDBW0.TRC:

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 5 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 5: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF'

ORA-27041: unable to open file

OSD-04002: unable to open file

O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。

Thu May 08 09:39:36 2003

Errors in file D:OracleadmintestbdumptestDBW0.TRC:

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 6: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF'

ORA-27041: unable to open file

OSD-04002: unable to open file

O/S-Error: (OS 2) 系统找不到指定的文件。

通过查询v$recover_file可以看到

SQL> select * from v$recover_file;

FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME

---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- -----------

1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

有四个数据文件需要恢复

6、拷贝备份回到原地点(restore)，开始恢复数据库(recover)

restore过程:

C:>copy D:DATABAKSYSTEM01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATATEST

C:>copy D:DATABAKTESTINDX01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATATEST

C:>copy D:DATABAKTESTTOOLS01.DBF D:ORACLEORADATATEST

C:>copy D:DATABAKTESTRBS01.DBF.DBF D:ORACLEORADATATEST

Recover过程:

SQL> recover database;

ORA-00279: change 1073849 generated at 05/08/2003 08:58:35 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00311.ARC

ORA-00280: change 1073849 for thread 1 is in sequence #311

Specify log: {=suggested | filename | AUTO | CANCEL}

auto

ORA-00279: change 1073856 generated at 05/08/2003 09:03:27 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00312.ARC

ORA-00280: change 1073856 for thread 1 is in sequence #312

ORA-00278: log file 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00311.ARC' no

longer needed for this recovery

ORA-00279: change 1073858 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:43 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00313.ARC

ORA-00280: change 1073858 for thread 1 is in sequence #313

ORA-00278: log file 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00312.ARC' no

longer needed for this recovery

ORA-00279: change 1073870 generated at 05/08/2003 09:11:46 needed for thread 1

ORA-00289: suggestion : D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00314.ARC

ORA-00280: change 1073870 for thread 1 is in sequence #314

ORA-00278: log file 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00313.ARC' no

longer needed for this recovery

Log applied.

Media recovery complete.

7、打开数据库，检查数据库的数据（完全恢复）

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> select * from test;

A

---------------------------------------

1

2

说明：

1、只要有备份与归档存在，就可以实现数据库的完全恢复（不丢失数据）

2、适合于丢失大量数据文件，或包含系统数据文件在内的数据库的恢复

3、恢复过程在mount下进行，如果恢复成功，再打开数据库，down机时间可能比较长一些。

4.3.2 RMAN备份方案

RMAN备份归档模式下损坏（丢失）多个数据文件，进行整个数据库的恢复

1、连接数据库，创建测试表并插入记录

SQL*Plus: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production on Tue May 6 13:46:32 2003

(c) Copyright 1999 Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

SQL> connect internal/password as sysdba;

Connected.

SQL> create table test(a int);

Table created

SQL> insert into test values(1);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

2、备份数据库

DOS下 C:> rman cmdfile=bakup.rcv msglog=backup.log;

以下是backup.log内容。

Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production

RMAN> # script:bakup.rcv

2> # creater:chenjiping

3> # date:5.8.2003

4> # desc:backup all database datafile in archive with rman

5>

6> #connect database

7> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back;

8> connect target internal/virpure;

9>

10> #start backup database

11> run{

12> allocate channel c1 type disk;

13> backup full tag 'dbfull' format 'd:backupfull%u_%s_%p' database

14> include current controlfile;

15> sql 'alter system archive log current';

16> release channel c1;

17> }

18> #end

19>

RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)

RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate

RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate

RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1

RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=15 devtype=DISK

RMAN-03022: compiling command: backup

RMAN-03023: executing command: backup

RMAN-08008: channel c1: starting full datafile backupset

RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03

RMAN-08010: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backupset

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00002 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTRBS01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00001 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF

RMAN-08011: including current controlfile in backupset

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00005 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00004 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTTEMP01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00006 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF

RMAN-08522: input datafile fno=00003 name=D:ORACLEORADATATESTUSER01.DBF

RMAN-08013: channel c1: piece 1 created

RMAN-08503: piece handle=D:BACKUPFULL04EN5UG0_4_1 comment=NONE

RMAN-08525: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:16

RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync

RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-08005: partial resync complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql

RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter system archive log current

RMAN-03023: executing command: sql

RMAN-03022: compiling command: release

RMAN-03023: executing command: release

RMAN-08031: released channel: c1

Recovery Manager complete.

到这里表示备份成功。

3、继续在测试表中插入记录

SQL> insert into test values(2);

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

SQL> select * from test;

A

---------------------------------------

1

2

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

4、关闭数据库，模拟丢失数据文件

SQL> shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down

C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF

C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF

C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF

C:>del D:ORACLEORADATATESTRBS01.DBF

5、启动数据库，检查错误

SQL> STARTUP

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 102020364 bytes

Fixed Size 70924 bytes

Variable Size 85487616 bytes

Database Buffers 16384000 bytes

Redo Buffers 77824 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 1: 'D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF'

查询v$recover_file

SQL> select * from v$recover_file;

FILE# ONLINE ERROR CHANGE# TIME

---------- ------- ------------------ ---------- -----------

1 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

2 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

5 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

6 ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

可以知道有四个数据文件需要恢复

6、利用RMAN进行恢复

C:>rman

Recovery Manager: Release 8.1.6.0.0 - Production

RMAN> connect rcvcat rman/rman@back

RMAN-06008: connected to recovery catalog database

RMAN> connect target internal/virpure

RMAN-06005: connected to target database: TEST (DBID=1788174720)

RMAN> run{

2> allocate channel c1 type disk;

3> restore database;

4> recover database;

5> sql 'alter database open';

6> release channel c1;

7> }

RMAN-03022: compiling command: allocate

RMAN-03023: executing command: allocate

RMAN-08030: allocated channel: c1

RMAN-08500: channel c1: sid=17 devtype=DISK

RMAN-03022: compiling command: restore

RMAN-03025: performing implicit partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync

RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-08005: partial resync complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: IRESTORE

RMAN-03023: executing command: IRESTORE

RMAN-08016: channel c1: starting datafile backupset restore

RMAN-08502: set_count=4 set_stamp=494074368 creation_time=15-MAY-03

RMAN-08089: channel c1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00001 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTSYSTEM01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00002 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTRBS01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00003 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTUSER01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00004 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTTEMP01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00005 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTTOOLS01.DBF

RMAN-08523: restoring datafile 00006 to D:ORACLEORADATATESTINDX01.DBF

RMAN-08023: channel c1: restored backup piece 1

RMAN-08511: piece handle=D:BACKUPFULL04EN5UG0_4_1 tag=DBFULL params=NULL

RMAN-08024: channel c1: restore complete

RMAN-03023: executing command: partial resync

RMAN-08003: starting partial resync of recovery catalog

RMAN-08005: partial resync complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(1)

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(2)

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(3)

RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(3)

RMAN-08054: starting media recovery

RMAN-03022: compiling command: recover(4)

RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 327 is already on disk as file D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00327.ARC

RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 328 is already on disk as file D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00328.ARC

RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 329 is already on disk as file D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00329.ARC

RMAN-06050: archivelog thread 1 sequence 330 is already on disk as file D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00330.ARC

RMAN-03023: executing command: recover(4)

RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00327.ARC thread=1 sequence=327

RMAN-08515: archivelog filename=D:ORACLEORADATATESTARCHIVETESTT001S00328.ARC thread=1 sequence=328

RMAN-08055: media recovery complete

RMAN-03022: compiling command: sql

RMAN-06162: sql statement: alter database open

RMAN-03023: executing command: sql

RMAN-03022: compiling command: release

RMAN-03023: executing command: release

RMAN-08031: released channel: c1

RMAN>

7、检查数据库的数据（完全恢复）

SQL> select * from test;

A

---------------------------------------

1

2

说明：

1、只要有备份与归档存在，RMAN也可以实现数据库的完全恢复（不丢失数据）

2、同OS备份数据库恢复，适合于丢失大量数据文件，或包含系统数据文件在内的数据库的恢复

3、目标数据库在mount下进行，如果恢复成功，再打开数据库。

4、RMAN的备份与恢复命令相对比较简单并可靠，建议有条件的话，都采用RMAN进行数据库的备份。