分类： 数据库开发技术
2012-03-22 09:56:43
Mongod 是 MongoDB 核心程序，通常情况下我们只需折腾该程序即可。
1. dbpath & port
默认数据存储路径是 /data/db，默认端口 27017，默认 HTTP 端口 28017。用 --dbpath 和 --port 改吧。
| $ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb --port 1234 Sat Jul 24 22:58:50 MongoDB starting : pid=1683 port=1234 dbpath=/var/mongodb 64-bit ** NOTE: This is a development version (1.5.4) of MongoDB. ** Not recommended for production. Sat Jul 24 22:58:50 db version v1.5.4, pdfile version 4.5 Sat Jul 24 22:58:50 git version: 6c1361df41d9cabf9026364427a7df44b3c304fd Sat Jul 24 22:58:50 sys info: Linux domU-12-31-39-06-79-A1 2.6.21.7-2.ec2.v1.2.fc8xen [initandlisten] Sat Jul 24 22:58:50 waiting for connections on port 1234 [websvr] Sat Jul 24 22:58:50 web admin interface listening on port 2234 |
从启动信息可以看到 Web 管理端口 2234，CTRL + C 即可停止该进程。--bind_ip 用于设定监听绑定 IP。
| Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 got kill or ctrl c signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends [interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 now exiting Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 dbexit: [interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 shutdown: going to close listening sockets... [interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 going to close listening socket: 5 [interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 going to close listening socket: 6 [interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 going to close listening socket: 7 [interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 going to close listening socket: 8 [interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 shutdown: going to flush oplog... [interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 shutdown: going to close sockets... [interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator... [interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 shutdown: closing all files... Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 closeAllFiles() finished [interruptThread] Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 shutdown: removing fs lock... Sat Jul 24 22:58:53 dbexit: really exiting now |
默认情况下，所有的 DB 都存储到 --dbpath 指定的目录中。
| $ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb --fork --logpath /dev/null forked process: 2018 all output going to: /dev/null $ ./mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.5.4 connecting to: test > db.c1.insert({a:1}) > use blog switched to db blog > db.c2.insert({b:1}) > exit bye $ ls /var/mongodb/ blog blog.0 blog.1 blog.ns mongod.lock test test.0 test.1 test.ns _tmp $ sudo kill -INT 2018 |
可以用——directoryperdb 参数让系统为每个 DB 创建一个独立子目录。
| $ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb --fork --logpath /dev/null --directoryperdb forked process: 2060 all output going to: /dev/null $ ./mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.5.4 connecting to: test > db.c1.insert({a:1}) > use blog switched to db blog > db.c2.insert({b:1}) > exit bye $ ls -R /var/mongodb /var/mongodb: blog mongod.lock test _tmp /var/mongodb/blog: blog.0 blog.1 blog.ns /var/mongodb/test: test.0 test.1 test.ns /var/mongodb/_tmp: |
2. daemon
如果想以 Daemon 方式运行，需要同时使用 --fork、--logpath 参数。
| $ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb --fork --logpath /dev/null forked process: 1797 all output going to: /dev/null |
想要停止服务，可以发送 INT 或 TERM 信号。
| $ sudo kill -INT 1797 |
或者使用 mongo 连接到服务器，然后执行 shutdownServer 命令。
| $ ./mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.5.4 connecting to: test > use admin switched to db admin > db.shutdownServer() Sat Jul 24 23:11:36 query failed : admin.$cmd { shutdown: 1.0 } to: 127.0.0.1 server should be down... Sat Jul 24 23:11:36 trying reconnect to 127.0.0.1 Sat Jul 24 23:11:36 reconnect 127.0.0.1 failed couldn't connect to server {ip: "127.0.0.1", port: 27017} Sat Jul 24 23:11:36 MessagingPort say send() errno:9 Bad file descriptor 127.0.0.1:27017 Sat Jul 24 23:11:36 Error: error doing query: unknown (anon):1421 > exit bye |
3. logging
与 Logging 有关的参数除了 --logpath，还有 --logappend 和 --verbose。
默认情况下，Logging 是覆盖模式(overwrite)，通过 --logappend 可以添加模式记录日志。
参数 --verbose 设置记录等级，相当于 -v，更多的级别包括 -vv 直到 -vvvvv。与之相对的是 --quiet，生成最少的日志信息。
还可以用 --cpu 记录 CPU 的相关信息。
| $ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb -vvvvv Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 MongoDB starting : pid=2113 port=27017 dbpath=/var/mongodb 64-bit ** NOTE: This is a development version (1.5.4) of MongoDB. ** Not recommended for production. Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 db version v1.5.4, pdfile version 4.5 Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 git version: 6c1361df41d9cabf9026364427a7df44b3c304fd Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 sys info: Linux domU-12-31-39-06-79-A1 2.6.21.7-2.ec2.v1.2.fc8xen #1 ... [initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 query: local.system.namespaces{ name: /^local.temp./ } [initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 Accessing: local for the first time [initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 used cursor: 0x1300d30 [initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 query local.system.namespaces reslen:36 nreturned:0 0ms [initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 enter repairDatabases [initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 done repairDatabases [initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 waiting for connections on port 27017 [websvr] Sun Jul 25 00:41:22 web admin interface listening on port 28017 [initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 00:41:30 connection accepted from 127.0.0.1:46032 #1 [conn1] Sun Jul 25 00:41:30 query: admin.$cmd{ whatsmyuri: 1 } [conn1] Sun Jul 25 00:41:30 run command admin.$cmd { whatsmyuri: 1 } [conn1] Sun Jul 25 00:41:30 query admin.$cmd ntoreturn:1 command: { whatsmyuri: 1 } reslen:71 0ms [DataFileSync] Sun Jul 25 00:42:22 flushing mmap took 0ms [DataFileSync] Sun Jul 25 00:43:22 flushing mmap took 0ms [DataFileSync] Sun Jul 25 00:44:22 flushing mmap took 0ms ^C Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 got kill or ctrl c signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 now exiting Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 dbexit: [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 shutdown: going to close listening sockets... [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 going to close listening socket: 5 [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 going to close listening socket: 6 [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 going to close listening socket: 7 [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 going to close listening socket: 8 [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 shutdown: going to flush oplog... [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 shutdown: going to close sockets... [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator... [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 shutdown: closing all files... Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 closeAllFiles() finished [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 shutdown: removing fs lock... Sun Jul 25 00:45:22 dbexit: really exiting now |
4. configuration file
如果嫌命令行参数太长，可以考虑使用配置文件。
| $ cat test.conf dbpath = /var/mongodb logpath = /var/test.log logappend = true fork = true port = 1234 $ sudo ./mongod --config test.conf forked process: 2262 all output going to: /var/test.log |
5. db.serverStatus
在 mongo 中执行 admin.serverStatus() 命令可以获取 MongoDB 的运行统计信息。
| $ ./mongo MongoDB shell version: 1.5.4 connecting to: test > use admin switched to db admin > db.serverStatus() { "version" : "1.5.4", "uptime" : 23, "uptimeEstimate" : 0, "localTime" : "Sun Jul 25 2010 01:07:18 GMT+0800 (CST)", "globalLock" : { "totalTime" : 23074558, "lockTime" : 470, "ratio" : 0.000020368754192387997 }, "mem" : { "bits" : 64, "resident" : 2, "virtual" : 75, "supported" : true, "mapped" : 0 }, "connections" : { "current" : 1, "available" : 19999 }, "extra_info" : { "note" : "fields vary by platform", "heap_usage_bytes" : 162672, "page_faults" : 0 }, "indexCounters" : { "btree" : { "accesses" : 0, "hits" : 0, "misses" : 0, "resets" : 0, "missRatio" : 0 } }, "backgroundFlushing" : { "flushes" : 0, "total_ms" : 0, "average_ms" : 0, "last_ms" : 0, "last_finished" : "Thu Jan 01 1970 08:00:00 GMT+0800 (CST)" }, "opcounters" : { "insert" : 0, "query" : 1, "update" : 0, "delete" : 0, "getmore" : 0, "command" : 2 }, "asserts" : { "regular" : 0, "warning" : 0, "msg" : 0, "user" : 0, "rollovers" : 0 }, "ok" : true } |
相关字段说明：
6. db.stats
db.stats 查看数据库状态信息。
| > db.stats() { "collections" : 5, "objects" : 18, "avgObjSize" : 50.888888888888886, "dataSize" : 916, "storageSize" : 26112, "numExtents" : 5, "indexes" : 5, "indexSize" : 40960, "fileSize" : 201326592, "ok" : 1 } |
7. http console
Mongod 默认会打开一个 HTTP 监听端口，通过浏览器我们能获取 MongoDB 服务器的相关状态信息。如果不想启动 HTTP Listening，可以使用 --nohttpinterface 参数。
| $ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb --nohttpinterface Sun Jul 25 01:46:53 MongoDB starting : pid=2406 port=27017 dbpath=/var/mongodb 64-bit ** NOTE: This is a development version (1.5.4) of MongoDB. ** Not recommended for production. Sun Jul 25 01:46:53 db version v1.5.4, pdfile version 4.5 Sun Jul 25 01:46:53 git version: 6c1361df41d9cabf9026364427a7df44b3c304fd Sun Jul 25 01:46:53 sys info: Linux domU-12-31-39-06-79-A1 2.6.21.7-2.ec2.v1.2.fc8xen #1 ... [initandlisten] Sun Jul 25 01:46:53 waiting for connections on port 27017 ^C Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 got kill or ctrl c signal 2 (Interrupt), will terminate after current cmd ends [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 now exiting Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 dbexit: [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 shutdown: going to close listening sockets... [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 going to close listening socket: 5 [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 going to close listening socket: 6 [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 shutdown: going to flush oplog... [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 shutdown: going to close sockets... [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 shutdown: waiting for fs preallocator... [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 shutdown: closing all files... Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 closeAllFiles() finished [interruptThread] Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 shutdown: removing fs lock... Sun Jul 25 01:47:19 dbexit: really exiting now |
除了用浏览器查看状态信息外，还可以使用 --rest 参数打开 RESTful 操作。
| $ sudo ./mongod --dbpath /var/mongodb --rest --fork --logpath /dev/null forked process: 2451 all output going to: /dev/null $ curl { "version" : "1.5.4", "uptime" : 13, "uptimeEstimate" : 0, "localTime" : Date( "Thu May 24 14:12:39 4253" ), "globalLock" : { "totalTime" : 13207178, "lockTime" : 400, "ratio" : 3.028656083835623e-05 }, "mem" : { "bits" : 64, "resident" : 2, "virtual" : 67, "supported" : true, "mapped" : 0 }, "connections" : { "current" : 0, "available" : 20000 }, "extra_info" : { "note" : "fields vary by platform", "heap_usage_bytes" : 158000, "page_faults" : 0 }, "indexCounters" : { "btree" : { "accesses" : 0, "hits" : 0, "misses" : 0, "resets" : 0, "missRatio" : 0 } }, "backgroundFlushing" : { "flushes" : 0, "total_ms" : 0, "average_ms" : 0, "last_ms" : 0, "last_finished" : Date( 0 ) }, "opcounters" : { "insert" : 0, "query" : 1, "update" : 0, "delete" : 0, "getmore" : 0, "command" : 0 }, "asserts" : { "regular" : 0, "warning" : 0, "msg" : 0, "user" : 0, "rollovers" : 0 } } $ curl http://localhost:28017/blog/users/ { "offset" : 0, "rows": [ { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e53" }, "name" : "user0" } , { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e54" }, "name" : "user1" } , { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e55" }, "name" : "user2" } , { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e56" }, "name" : "user3" } , { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e57" }, "name" : "user4" } , { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e58" }, "name" : "user5" } , { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e59" }, "name" : "user6" } , { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e5a" }, "name" : "user7" } , { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e5b" }, "name" : "user8" } , { "_id" : { "$oid" : "4c4b2998a09020a0e7681e5c" }, "name" : "user9" } ], "total_rows" : 10 , "query" : {} , "millis" : 0 } 8. 复制数据库 db.copyDatabase("blog", "blog", "192.168.1.202") // 从源服务器复制 blog 数据库 自： |
